Mudah Dan Aktif Belajar Fisika SMA Kelas XII

< PreviousInduksi Elektromagnetik151Gambar 6.22Grafik hubungan I dan tImaks = kuat arus maksimumIr = kuat arus rata-rata.IImaksIrt+74F3:C3@9=3;3@3CFD4A>3=43>;=?7?;>;=;:3C93E793@93@D74393;8F@9D;H3=EFJ3;EF D;@ .!;EF@9>3:3E793@93@?3=D;?F?%#*4E793@93@BF@53==7BF@53=((5E793@93@787=E;8 68C7=F7@D;3@9F>7C 7B7C;A6788C7=F7@D; 9E793@93@D7E7>3:+ D7=A@#7#$7@93@?7@J3?3=3@B7CD3?33@E793@93@J3@96;=7E3:F;E7C:363B'34#/##09?3=36;B7CA>7:%D;@ + D;@ +63C;B7CD3?33@E7CD74FE6;B7CA>7: .63@ C36 D3% .4((% . .5 . .%6 C36 D7 D 8 !K9 D;@ + D;@ .Contoh 6.1212t4.Harga Kuat Arus dan Tegangan Rata-Rata!3C93=F3E3CFD4A>3=43>;=C3E3C3E3363>3:=F3E3CFD4A>3=43>;=J3@9@;>3;@J3D7E3C367@93@=F3E3CFDD73C3:F@EF=?7?;@63:=3@?F3E3@>;DEC;=J3@9D3?363>3?H3=EFJ3@9D3?3)7C:3E;=3@9C38;=D;@FDA;6363C;3CFDD7>3?3D7=A@#/$#3-@EF=3CFDD73C3:D7E7>3:D7E7@93:B7C;A67?F3E3@J3@96;>3>F;@J3?7?7@F:;B7CD3?33@)N 63BF@<F?>3:?F3E3@J3@96;>3>F;3CFD4A>3=43>;=63>3?C3@9=3;3@363>3: %#*D;@ ++N Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII152Tugas AndaArus listrik bolak-balik dapatdiamati menggunakan osiloskop.Bersama kelompok belajar Anda,gunakan osiloskop yang ada dilaboratorium sekolah Anda untukmempelajari penggunaanosiloskop tersebut. Catatlah hal-hal yang Anda anggap penting.Mintalah bimbingan guru FisikaAnda untuk melakukan tugas ini.3C;'34#/##09 63@'34#/##09 3=3@6;B7CA>7:B7CD3?33@3CFDC3E3C3E3D74393;47C;=FE) %#*D;@ ++N 7@93@?7@99F@3=3@53C3?3E7?3E;=36;B7CA>7:)%#*N 7@93@B7@<343C3@J3@9D3?33=3@6;B7CA>7:B7CD3?33@E793@93@C3E3C3E3F@EF=3CFDD747D3C)%#*N $7E7C3@93@)E793@93@C3E3C3E3.%#*E793@93@?3=D;?F?.)7CD3?33@E793@93@4A>3=43>;=DF3EFC3@9=3;3@>;DEC;=?7?7@F:;B7CD3?33@ D;@ .,7@EF=3@E793@93@C3E3C3E3J3@96;:3D;>=3@DF?47CE7CD74FE#7#$;=7E3:F; D;@ .%#* .7@93@?7@99F@3=3@'34#/##09 6;B7CA>7:)%#* . .Contoh 6.135.Diagram Fasor-@EF=?7?B7C?F63:?7@93@3>;D;D3C3:E793@93@63@=F3E3CFD6;9F@3=3@?7EA676;39C3?83DAC3DAC(!*-#+')363>3:DF3EF47D3C3@J3@96;>F=;D=3@D74393;DF3EFG7=EACJ3@947D3CDF6FEBFE3C@J3E7C:363BDF?4F:AC;KA@E3>D3?367@93@DF6FE83D7@J3+ 3DACDF3EFG7=EAC47CBFE3C47C>3H3@3@3C3:<3CF?<3?67@93@=757B3E3@DF6FE E7E3B6;93?43C=3@A>7:D74F3:3@3=B3@3:F@EF=?7@J3E3=3@E793@93@63@=F3E3CFD63C;DF3EFC3@9=3;3@>;DEC;=)363#/$#3 63B3E@63B7C:3E;=3@6;39C3?83DAC63C;E793@93@63@3CFD4A>3=43>;=+F?4F:AC;KA@E3>B363#/$#3 363>3:F@EF=?7@7@EF=3@47D3C@J3DF6FE83D7J3@96;F=FC63>3?D3EF3@67C3<3E3E3FC36;3@D763@9=3@DF?4FG7CE;=3>F@EF=?7@7@EF=3@@;>3;E793@93@63@=F3E3CFDJ3@9?7CFB3=3@47D3C3@D=3>3C4F=3@G7=EAC&7>3>F;?7EA676;39C3?83DAC;@;6;:3C3B=3@@6363B3E?7?3:3?;3C3:83D7G7=EAC67@93@?F63:6.Resistor pada Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik)363#/$#3 D74F3:C7D;DEAC?FC@;6;B3D3@963>3?C3@9=3;3@E7CEFEFB3CFD4A>3=43>;= C38;=E793@93@DF?47CJ3@947CD;83ED;@FDA;633=3@?7@9:3D;>=3@3CFDJ3@9<F9347CD;83ED;@FDA;63Gambar 6.23Grafik fasor I dan VImVm tGambar 6.24Rangkaian arus AC denganhambatan murni R.abIV = Vmsin tRInduksi Elektromagnetik153)7CD3?33@E793@93@4A>3=43>;=3@E3C3F<F@9F<F@9C7D;DEAC?FC@;363>3:%D;@ +N 7@93@?7?7C:3E;=3@6-6/*/J3@9?7@J3E3=3@43:H3=F3E3CFDJ3@9?7@93>;C?7?;>;=;:F4F@93@67@93@%%?3=347D3C3CFD4A>3=43>;=J3@9?7@93>;C?7>3>F;C3@9=3;3@?7?7@F:;B7CD3?33@%D;@ +N)7C:3E;=3@#/$#37C63D3C=3@'34#/##09 63@'34#/##09 3CFD?3=D;?F?63@E793@93@?3=D;?F??7?;>;=;83D7J3@9D3?3CE;@J3=7E;=3BAD;D;=F?B3C3@?7@53B3;DF6FE ME793@93@63@3CFDJ3@9?7>3>F;C3@9=3;3@?7@53B3;@;>3;?;@;?F?%74;:<7>3D@J3@63B7C:3E;=3@#/$#3;39C3?83DAC63C;=F3E3CFD63@E793@93@@J3?7?;>;=;3C3:J3@9D3?3 tImaksVmaksGambar 6.26Diagram fasor arus I dantegangan V memiliki arahyang sama.Gambar 6.27Rangkaian arus bolak-balikdipasang seri dengan sebuahinduktor murni.Gambar 6.25Grafik kuat arus I dan tegangan Vpada rangkaian hambatan murni,arus I, dan tegangan V sefase.rotasiVmimV = Vm sin ti = im sin t2325223 t*7D;DEAC?7CFB3=3@D3>3:D3EF=A?BA@7@>;DEC;=J3@9D7C;@96;9F@3=3@+7E;3BC7D;DEACJ3@96;<F3>6;B3D3C3@?7?;>;=;@;>3;C7D;DE3@D;E7CE7@EF,F93D@634F3E>3:C7DF?7?7@97@3;53C3?7@9;67@E;8;=3D;@;>3;D74F3:C7D;DEAC+7E7>3:?7?4F3EC7DF?7;@;6;:3C3B=3@@6363B3E?7@97@3>;C7D;DEAC63@?3?BF?7@7@EF=3@@;>3;C7D;DE3@D;@J363C;5;C;5;C;J3@96;?;>;=;C7D;DEACE7CD74FE93C>74;:?7@3C;=D7CE3=3@93?43C?353??353?C7D;DEAC63>3?EF>;D3@@63Mari Mencari TahuabLI = Im sin t7.Induktor Murni pada Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik)7C:3E;=3@#/$#3 +74F3:;@6F=EAC?FC@;?7?;>;=;;@6F=E3@D;6;C;)363D33E3CFD>;DEC;=?7@93>;C63>3?C3@9=3;3@3=3@E;?4F>93J397C3=>;DEC;=;@6F=D;99>6;3@E3C3F<F@9;@6F=EACJ3@947D3C@J3363>3:+63BF@4763E793@93@3@E3C3F<F@9F<F@9=F?B3C3@D74393;8F@9D;H3=EF363>3:%D;@ +N#;=3@63B7C:3E;=3@C3@9=3;3@3CFD4A>3=43>;=63>3?#/$#3C3@9=3;3@E7CD74FE?7CFB3=3@C3@9=3;3@E7CEFEFB63@47C>3=F!F=F?""$;C5:A88!F=F?""$;C5:A88?7@J3E3=3@43:H3 (>7:=3C7@363>3?C3@9=3;3@E7CD74FEC7D;DEAC?FC@;E;63=363J3;EF@;>3; ?3=36;B7CA>7:B7CD3?33@=F3E3CFDD74393;47C;=FE*,%)"&,#+') %D;@ +N+ +%D;@ +Gambar 6.28Grafik kuat arus I dan tegangan Vpada rangkaian induktif murni.Tegangan V mendahului arus Isekitar 90°.I = Im sin tVmim22 tV = Vm sin ( t)Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas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ambar 6.29Diagram fasor arus I dantegangan V. Teganganmendahului 90°.VLI90°)363D74F3:C3@9=3;3@3CFD4A>3=43>;=67@93@8C7=F7@D; !K6;B3D3@9;@6F=EACD747D3C !*3@9=3;3@;@;?7@9:3D;>=3@3CFD?3=D;?F?!;EF@9E793@93@?3=D;?F?;@6F=EACE7CD74FE#7#$;=7E3:F;8C7=F7@D; Contoh 6.143CFD?3=D;?F?%;@6F=E3@D;;@6F=EAC !,793@93@?3=D;?F?63B3E6;:;EF@967@93@B7CD3?33@%%% !K ! .Induksi Elektromagnetik1558.Kapasitor pada Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik)C;@D;B=79F@33@@J3D3?367@93@;@6F=EAC$3B3D;EAC63>3?C3@9=3;3@3CFD4A>3=43>;=6;B3D3@9F@EF=?7?B7CA>7:7@7C9;>;DEC;=J3@9>74;:47D3CCFD>;DEC;=J3@9?7>3>F;=3B3D;EACJ3@9=3B3D;E3D@J3D747D3CD7>3?3+3=3@?7@J7434=3@=3B3D;EAC47C;D;?F3E3@D747D3C+N63BF@?F3E3@J3@9E7CD;?B3@63>3?=3B3D;EAC#/$#3 363>3:N6;?3@3.%D;@ +N3C;=76F3'34#/##09 63@'34#/##09 63B3E6;B7CA>7:++D;@%++ D;@ +% 5AD +% 5AD +%5AD +%D;@+ N7@93@?7?7C:3E;=3@B7@FCF@3@'34#/##09 6;=7E3:F;43:H3%% &7@FCFE!F=F?(:? ?7CFB3=3@@;>3;:3?43E3@=3B3D;EACJ3@96;D74FEC73=E3@D;=3B3D;E;8D7:;@99363B3E6;EF>;D 3E3F N$7E7C3@93@C73=E3@D;=3B3D;E;8=3B3D;E3D=3B3D;EAC 8C7=F7@D;DF6FEC36 D7@93@?7@93?3E;:F4F@93@'34#/##09 63@'34#/##09 6;=7E3:F;B7C47633@83D73@E3C3E793@93@63@=F3E3CFDJ3@9?7>3>F;C3@9=3;3@=3B3D;E;8E7CD74FED747D3C7@93@DF6FE83D73CFD?7@63:F>F;363>3:C3663C;DF6FE83D7E793@93@@633=3@>74;:?7?3:3?;<;=3?7?7C:3E;=3@9C38;=E793@93@D;@FD;A63>63@9C38;=3CFDD;@FD;A63>E7C:363BH3=EF?7>3>F;#/$#3 #;=3E793@93@B363F<F@9F<F@9C3@9=3;3@?3=D;?F?@;>3;3CFD63>3?C3@9=3;3@3=3@?3=D;?F?%+743>;=@J3<;=3E793@93@47C@;>3;?3=D;?F?3CFDJ3@9?7>3>F;C3@9=3;3@3=3@?;@;?F? Gambar 6.32Diagram fasor I dan V padakapasitor.Gambar 6.31Grafik I dan V pada kapasitordalam rangkaian AC.Gambar 6.30Rangkaian kapasitorabCV = Vmsin tViV = Vm sin 2ti = im sin tVI90°Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII156Tantanganuntuk AndaSebuah kapasitor 100Fdihubungkan dengan sumbertegangan bolak-balik. Arus yangmengalir melalui rangkaianmemenuhi persamaanI = 4 sin 200t A. Tuliskanpersamaan tegangankapasitor itu.+74F3:=3B3D;EAC67@93@ 6;B3D3@9B363DF?47CE793@93@4A>3=43>;=67@93@8C7=F7@D; !K,793@93@?3=D;?F?% .D7B7CE;B36393?43C47C;=FE!;EF@93CFD?3=D;?F?B363=3B3D;EACE7CD74FE#7#$;=7E3:F; O N !K% . C36 D C36 D (>7:=3C7@3;EF3CFD?3=D;?F?@J3363>3:%% Contoh 6.15V = Vmsin t200cF!#$'.*3@9=3;3@63@B363*3@9=3;3@CFDA>3=3>;=1#0)-#+#0'#-5#04+ +(#5'056-'34#/##06056-4+0*7D;DEACD783D7%D;@ +"@6F=EAC $E7CE;@993>%D;@+ D747D3CC36 $3B3D;EAC ?7@63:F>F;%D;@+ D747D3CC36!#$'.?7@993?43C=3@B7CD3?33@3CFDJ3@9?7@93>;C63>3?E;3BC3@9=3;3@#;=3DF?47CE793@93@4A>3=43>;=6;3@993BD3?3J3;EF%D;@ ++747EF>@J3@6363B3E?7@7@EF=3@E7C>74;:63:F>FB7CD3?33@3CFD43CF=7?F6;3@B7CD3?33@E793@93@@J3&;D3>@J33CFDJ3@9?7@93>;C63>3?E;3BC3@9=3;3@D3?3%D;@ +?3=33=3@6;63B3EB7CD3?33@E793@93@B3633C7D;DEAC%D;@ +4;@6F=EAC%D;@+ 5=3B3D;EAC%D;@+ Induksi Elektromagnetik1579.R, L, dan C Dipasang Seri dalam Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik*3@9=3;3@3CFD>;DEC;=4A>3=43>;=J3@9?7?;>;=;:3?43E3@?FC@;6;B3D3@9D7C;67@93@;@6F=EACD7CE3=3B3D;EAC3=3@?7@9:3D;>=3@E3?43:3@7@7C9;>;DEC;=J3@9>74;:47D3CE7E3B;C3@9=3;3@//D7C;;@;:3@J363B3E6;9F@3=3@F@EF=?7?B7C47D3C63J3>;DEC;=J3@9E7C43E3DCFD?3=D;?F?63>3?C3@9=3;3@?7?;>;=;@;>3;63@83D7J3@9D3?3B363D7E;3B=A?BA@7@%74;:<7>3D63B3E@63B7C:3E;=3@#/$#3 #;=3@63E7E3B=3@B7CD3?33@3CFD63>3?C3@9=3;3@D747D3C%D;@+ B7CD3?33@D7E;3BE793@93@67@93@?7?7C:3E;=3@6;39C3?83DACB363#/$#3 J3;EF?D;@ +?7?;>;=;83D7J3@9D3?367@93@3CFD?D;@+ ?7@63:F>F;83D7D747D3CC36?D;@ +E7CE;@993>83D7D747D3CC36)7C:3E;=3@C3@9=3;3@//D7C;B363#/$#3 +7E;3B=A?BA@7@?7?;>;=;E793@93@63@+753C383DACE793@93@E793@93@;@;63B3E6;<F?>3:=3@D74393;47C;=FE""""N (>7:=3C7@363@"""D3>;@9E793=>FCFD:3C9363B3E6;E7@EF=3@67@93@?7@99F@3=3@:;EF@9G7=EACJ3;EFN67@93@?7?7C:3E;=3@=7?43>;#/$#3 :3?43E3@EAE3>C3@9=3;3@D7C;NNJ3@96;D74FE67@93@;?B763@D;C3@9=3;3@.63B3E6;:;EF@963C;'34#/##09N33E3F N4(>7:=3C7@33CFD?3=D;?F?J3@9?7@93>;C6;D7E;3B=A?BA@7@D3?347D3C@J3:F4F@93@3@E3C3E793@93@?3=D;?F?63@3CFD?3=D;?F?;@;?7?7@F:;B7CD3?33@2J3;EFN $7E7C3@93@%E793@93@?3=D;?F?;?B763@D;C3@9=3;3@NC73=E3@D;EAE3>Gambar 6.33Resonansi rangkaianR–L–C seriGambar 6.35Diagram fasor Z, R, XL, dan XC.Gambar 6.34Diagram fasor V, VR, VL, dan VC.ZXL – XCXLRXCRLCvI = Im sin tiLV–CVLVVRVCVMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII158R = 30XL = 40IVLVRV = Vmsin t76383D73@E3C3E793@93@63@=F3E3CFD63B3E6;E7@EF=3@D74393;47C;=FEE3@ND7:;@993B7CD3?33@E793@93@@J3363>3:D;@%+ B34;>3DF6FE83D747C@;>3;BAD;E;8CE;@J3E793@93@?7@63:F>F;3CFD63@C3@9=3;3@47CD;83E;@6F=E;8#;=3DF6FE83D747C@;>3;@793E;8CE;@J3E793@93@E7CE;@993>A>7:3CFD63@C3@9=3;3@47CD;83E=3B3D;E;8#;=36;B7CA>7: 63@CE;@J3E793@93@?7?;>;=;83D7D3?3D763@9=3@C3@9=3;3@47CD;83EC7D;DE;83>3?:3>;@;6;=3E3=3@E7>3:E7C<36;C7DA@3@D;10.R dan L Dipasang Seri dalam Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik)7C:3E;=3@#/$#3 +7E;3B=A?BA@7@?7?;>;=;E793@93@63@+753C383DACE793@93@E793@93@;@;63B3E6;<F?>3:=3@D74393;"""7@93@?7@99F@3=3@:;EF@93@G7=EAC47D3C@J3E793@93@EAE3>J3;EFN7D3C@J3;?B763@D;C3@9=3;3@*N%6;B7CA>7:D7B7CE;47C;=FEN3E3F N76383D73@E3C3E793@93@63@=F3E3CFD63B3E6;E7@EF=3@D74393;47C;=FEE3@N)7C:3E;=3@#/$#3 E3?B3=43:H3E793@93@?7@63:F>F;3CFDD747D3CC36D7:;@993<;=3%D;@+ ?3=3%D;@+ abRLI = Imsin tGambar 6.36Rangkaian R dan L dipasang seriGambar 6.37Diagram fasor VL dan VRVLVabVRI)VGambar 6.38Diagram fasor VL dan VRXLZR)Gambar 6.39Grafik tegangan mendahului arusdengan beda fase 0<<90°.VabtIab+74F3:C7D;DEAC 6;B3D3@9D7C;67@93@;@6F=EAC B363E793@93@4A>3=43>;= .3!;EF@9;?B763@D;C3@9=3;3@83D7C3@9=3;3@=F3E3CFD63@4,7@EF=3@83D763@E7C:363B=F3E3CFD"#7#$;=7E3:F;C7D;DEAC?FC@; C73=E3@D;;@6F=EAC E793@93@DF?47C .Contoh 6.16V/iInduksi Elektromagnetik1593"?B763@D;6;:;EF@9?7>3>F;'34#/##092 83D7E793@93@6;:;EF@967@93@'34#/##09E3@ M$F3E3CFD . ,793@93@ .,793@93@;@6F=EAC. .4D783D767@93@=F3E3CFD ?7@63:F>F;D747D3CC36 M?7@63:F>F; M3>3?C3@9=3;3@D7C;6;B3D3@9C7D;DEAC?FC@; 63@D74F3:;@6F=EAC !B363E793@93@4A>3=43>;=67@93@B7CD3?33@ D;@ +.,F>;D=3@B7CD3?33@=F3E3CFD63>3?C3@9=3;3@E7CD74FE#7#$;=7E3:F; A:? D;@ +.?3=3% . ! E3@ MC36#36;B7CD3?33@=F3E3CFD@J3363>3:%D;@ +D;@ +NContoh 6.1711.R dan C Dipasang Seri dalam Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik)7C:3E;=3@#/$#3 *7D;DEAC63@=3B3D;EAC6;B3D3@9D7C;63>3?C3@9=3;3@3CFD4A>3=43>;=;3@E3C3E;E;=63@E7C63B3EE793@93@EAE3>J3@947D3C@J3D3?367@93@<F?>3:E793@93@C7D;DEAC63@E793@93@=3B3D;EAC+753C3G7=EAC47D3CE793@93@EAE3>E7CD74FE363>3:N7D3C@J3;?B763@D;C3@9=3;3@N63B3E6;:;EF@9D7B7CE;47C;=FEN 3E3F NGambar 6.40Rangkaian seri R-C dalamrangkaian arus AC.abRCVI = Imsin tMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII160Gambar 6.42Diagram fasor vektorhambatan R terhadap Xc.VRIabVabVCXCRZGambar 6.43Grafik tegangan Vab terhadap arusiVabt3>3?D74F3:C3@9=3;3@ 6;B3D3@9D7C;67@93@ 63@6;:F4F@9=3@=7DF?47CE793@93@4A>3=43>;=J3@98C7=F7@D;@J3 !K!;EF@9>3:;?B763@D;C3@9=3;3@E7CD74FE#7#$;=7E3:F; O N !K !K C36 D C36 D "?B763@D;C3@9=3;3@63B3E6;:;EF@967@93@?7@99F@3=3@'34#/##09J3;EF V = Vmsin tIContoh 6.18250CF30R76383D7E793@93@63@=F3E3CFD63B3E6;E7@EF=3@D74393;47C;=FEE3@NGambar 6.41Diagram fasor teganganVab terhadap Vc.*3@9=3;3@D7C;N67@93@C7D;DEAC 63@C73=E3@D;=3B3D;E;8 6;:F4F@9=3@=7DF?47CE793@93@ .67@93@8C7=F7@D; !K!;EF@9>3:3;?B763@D;C3@9=3;3@43CFDJ3@9?7@93>;C5=3B3D;E3D=3B3D;EAC64763E793@93@3@E3C3F<F@9F<F@9:3?43E3@63@=3B3D;EAC7DF6FE83D7C3@9=3;3@8B7CD3?33@3CFD<;=3B7CD3?33@E793@93@%D;@ +#7#$;=7E3:F; . !KV = Vmsin tR = 80IContoh 6.1960CFV/i)363#/$#3 E3?B3=43:H3E793@93@E7C>3?43ED747D3CC3663C;3CFD+753C3?3E7?3E;D63B3E6;D;?BF>=3@<;=3%D;@ +%D;@ +NNext >