Mudah Dan Aktif Belajar Fisika SMA Kelas XII

< PreviousRadiasi Benda Hitam1811&3(0>6?42B:52C2BD6@B:E?DE<BE>EC6>A:B:C?I2 E23E=2?<6>E5:2?:236B92C:=>6>3E2D2CE>C:I2?8C2?82D>6?86;ED<2?A252C22D:DEI2:DED6?D2?886D2B2?>@=6<E=>@=6<E=5:A6B>E<22?36?529:D2> 1&3(0>6?86>E<2<2?A@CDE=2D?I2C63282:36B:<ED ?6B8:B25:2C:I2?85:A2?42B<2?@=6986D2B2?>@=6<E=>@=6<E=@C:=2D@B36?52>6BEA2<2?A2<6DA2<6D<E2?D26?6B8: 6C2B?I26?6B8:52=2>C6D:2AA2<6D>6BEA2<2?<6=:A2D2?3:=2?82?3E=2DCE2DE36C2B2?NOI2:DE?'!M56?82?'252=293:=2?82?2C=: I2?85:C63ED3:=2?82?<E2?DE>52?252=297B6<E6?C:86D2B2?>@=6<E=>@=6<E=C652?8<2?!>6BEA2<2?<@?CD2?D2*=2?4<I2?836C2B?I2 PM$C )=69<2B6?26?6B8:B25:2C:36BC:72D5:C<B:D5:<2D2<2?6?6B8:?I2D6B<E2?D:C2C:52?6?6B8:I2?85:A6B3@=69<2?56?82?' 5:C63EDD:?8<2D6?6B8: '@=6<E=>@=6<E=>6?I6B2A2D2E>6>2?42B<2?6?6B8:B25:2C:4292I252=2>A2<6D5:C<B:DI2?85:C63ED<E2?DE>2D2E7@D@? ?6B8:7@D@?<2B6?2A6B36522?5E2D:?8<2D6?6B8:C6A6BD:D2>A2<A252&2'&6252=29 !M$:<2>@=6<E=>@=6<E=>6?I6B2A >6>2?42B<2?7@D@?D:?8<2D6?6B8:?I236BD2>3292D2E36B<EB2?8C636C2B! !282C2?1&3(0:?:36B=2<EE?DE<36?529:D2> &2?8<291&3(056?82?A@CDE=2D?I2329G26?6B8:@C:=2D@BD6B<E2?D:C2C:>6BEA2<2?C63E29D6B@3@C2?36C2B1&3(0C6?5:B:36BC2>2:=>EG2?C62?8<2D2??I2D:52<>6?I252B:92=:DE !282C2?*=2?4<5:2?882AC63282:D@?882<2G2=7:C:<2<E2?DE> En01234ke n =01hf2hf3hf4hfGambar 7.7Tingkat-tingkat energi yangdiperkenankan untuk satumolekul yang frekuensinya f.$E>=29>:?:>E>7@D@?4292I2I2?8A2?;2?886=@>32?8?I2?>E?DE<>6?:>3E=<2?B2?8C2?82?F:CE2=A252>2D2?@B>2=252=29'7@D@?A6BC6<@? $:<246A2DB2>32D4292I2P> C52?!PM$CD6?DE<2?=2952I24292I2D6BC63ED &;&'?6B8:4292I236B52C2B<2?*67&2&&3?252=29'!'!2I24292I2D6BC63ED52A2D5:D6?DE<2?C63282:36B:<ED '!--$C> C0C>Contoh 7.5Tantanganuntuk AndaPerumusan Rayleigh-Jeans tidakcocok diterapkan untuk radiasibenda hitam pada daerah panjanggelombang pendek. Dapatkah Andamenduga, apa implikasi daripersamaan Rayleigh-Jeans padadaerah panjang gelombang pendekuntuk kehidupan di Bumi?Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII1825.Aplikasi Radiasi Benda Hitam untuk Mengukur SuhuMatahari'2D292B:>6BEA2<2?3:?D2?8I2?8A2=:?856<2D56?82?E>:;2B2<?I2C6<:D2B <> '2D292B:>6>2?42B<2?6?6B8:<2=@BI2?8C2?82D36B8E?2328:<69:5EA2?5:E>: ?6B8:D6BC63ED36B2C2=52B:B62<C:7EC:9:5B@86?5:52=2>:?D:'2D292B: 2A2D<29?52>6>32I2?8<2?36B2A236C2B6?6B8:I2?85:92C:=<2?'2D292B:C69:?882C2>A2:;2B2< <>6?6B8::DE>2C:925236BEA24292I252?<2=@B+25:2C:6?6B8:'2D292B:C2?82D36C2BC6A6BD:I2?8D6=29?52A6=2;2B: #?D6?C:D2CB25:2C::?:36B32?5:?8=EBEC56?82?A2?8<2D6>A2DCE9E?I2 '6?EBEDD6@B:B25:2C:I2?85:A2?42B<2?:?:>6>:=:<::?D6?C:D2CI2?836B36523652 .?DE<=63:9>6>292>:<@?C6A:?:A6B92D:<2?&2'&636B:<ED:?: &2'&6>6?E?;E<<2?CA6<DBE>B25:2C:'2D292B:I2?85:E<EB5:=E2B2?8<2C2 !B27:<D6BC63EDC2?82D>:B:A56?82?8B27:<:?D6?C:D2CB25:2C:36?529:D2> )=69<2B6?2:DEA2B22CDB@?@>>6?82CE>C:<2?'2D292B:C63282:36?529:D2>C69:?8823:C25:9:DE?836B2A2CE9E5:A6B>E<22?'2D292B:56?82?>6?88E?2<2?"E<E>*6B86C6B2?0:6? 2B:8B27:<D6B=:92D329G2?:=2::?D6?C:D2C>2<C:>E>D6B52A2DA252A2?;2?886=@>32?8C636C2B K526B29A2?;2?886=@>32?8C:?2BD2>A2< '6?EBED"E<E>*6B86C6B2?0:6?2<2?5:52A2D<2??:=2:CE9E5:A6B>E<22?'2D292B:C63282:36B:<ED >2<C PM>% P>%P>%,6=2:?E?DE<>6?8E<EBCE9E'2D292B:A6?6B2A2?B25:2C:36?529:D2>:?:52A2D5:8E?2<2?E?DE<>6?8E<EBCE9E3:?D2?8=2:??I2I2:DE56?82?>6?82?2=:C:CCA6<DBE>3:?D2?8D6BC63ED Gambar 7.8Grafik intensitas radiasiMatahari yang diukur di luarangkasa. I(W/m2)710m,2=29C2DE:CE8=@32=I2?8C6B:?85:2?8<2D@=692<D:F:D2C=:?8<E?82?9:5EA252=29:CED6?D2?8A6>2?2C2?E>: 52C6328:2??682B2>2;EI2?8D:52<>2E>6?2?52D2?82?:+(-($(%1(-(D6?D2?8A6>32D2C2?<252B6>:C:82C52B::?5ECDB: !2C6>:C::?:C6328:2?36C2B252=29) '6?EBEDA2B229=:82C) :?:=29I2?8>6?82<:32D<2?A6>2?2C2?E>:2D2E5:<6?2=56?82?:CD:=29$.&!+'(.,- 2B:=29:?7@B>2C:52B:36B3282:CE>36B3E<E>2;2=29:?D6B?6D52?=2:?=2:?D6?D2?89E3E?82?2?D2B2676<BE>29<24252?B25:2C:36?529:D2> :C<EC:<2?=2956?82?D6>2?C6<6=2C?52D6?D2?892=:?: Mari Mencari Tahu1 Å = 10–10 mIngatlahTantanganuntuk AndaGrafik pada Gambar 7.8menunjukkan intensitas radiasiMatahari yang diukur di luar angkasa.Apakah Anda bisa mendugabagaimana grafik intensitas radiasiMatahari jika diukur di permukaanBumi? Apakah di seluruh tempat dipermukaan Bumi intensitas radiasiMatahari selalu sama? Jelaskanjawaban Anda dengan bahasa yangmudah dipahami dan diskusikanlahbersama teman sekelas.Kata Kunci•benda hitam•radiasi benda hitam•emisivitas benda•intensitas•daya radiasi•spektrum•energi radiasi•radiasi termalRadiasi Benda Hitam183Gambar 7.9(a) Cahaya sebagai gelombang;(b) Cahaya sebagai paket-paketenergi.3 ,E9E<6B;27:=2>6?DE?8CD6?52=2>CE2DE=2>AEA:;2B252=29 %52?6>:C:F:D2C?I2 -6?DE<2?=E2CA6B>E<22?7:=2>6?=2>AEA:;2B0 ,63E29=E32?8<64:=A2525:?5:?8-'.+>6?I6BEA2:36?529:D2> $:<2=E2C?I24> 52?CE9E?I2 LC2>2C6A6BD:CE9E5:52=2>D2?EB36B2A2<296?6B8:I2?85:B25:2C:<2?<6=E2B=E32?8C6D:2A56D:< @=2+4>36BC:72DC6A6BD:36?529:D2>36B25252=2><62522?C6:>32?856?82?=:?8<E?82??I2 -6B?I2D23@=2>6?I6B2A52I2<052B:=:?8<E?82??I2 6B2A2<29CE9E3@=2:DE &2>AEA:;2B52A2D5:2?882A36B36?DE<3@=2 $2B:;2B:=2>AEA:;2BA6BD2>2252=295E2<2=:;2B:;2B:=2>AE<65E2 ,E9EA:;2BA6BD2>252?<65E2>2C:?8>2C:?8L52? L -6?DE<2??:=2:A6B32?5:?82?2?D2B252I2<2=@BB25:2C:=2>AEA6BD2>252?=2>AE<65E2 %@?CD2?D26>:C:F:D2CC63E2936?529:D2>252=29 ":DE?8=29:?D6?C:D2CB25:2C:I2?85:A2?42B<2?2A23:=2CE9E36?52:DE% ,63E293@=2=@82>56?82?;2B:;2B:4>5:A2?2C<2? *252CE9E L3@=2=@82>:DE>6>2?42B<2?B25:2C:56?82?52I2PG2DD ":DE?8=296>:C:F:D2C3@=2=@82>D6BC63ED ":DE?8=2952I2I2?85:A2?42B<2?@=69C63E29<E3ECI2?85:A2?2C<2?9:?882 L %E3ECD6BC63ED>6>:=:<:A2?;2?8C:C:4>52?D6B3E2D52B:3292?56?82?6>:C:F:D2C 6?52>6>2?42B<2?B25:2C:56?82?>2H?> 6?52:DED6BEC>6?82=2>:A6>2?2C2?C69:?882CE9E?I2<2=:=:A2DCE9EC6>E=2 -6?DE<2?=29>2HC6D6=29A6>2?2C2? Tes Kompetensi Subbab A*6/&0&31&-5&)&'9091&8.-&3B.Dualisme Gelombang Partikel1.Sifat Partikel yang Dimiliki Gelombang*252>E=2?I232?I2<7:C:<2G2?I2?8>6?82?882A4292I2C63282:86=@>32?8 "2=:?:5:A6B<E2D56?82?252?I25:7B2<C:A@=2B:C2C:B67B2<C:B67=6<C:52?:?D6B76B6?C:I2?8C6CE2:56?82?C:72DE>E>86=@>32?8 <2?D6D2A:<6D:<2A2B27:C:<2G2?>6?6>E<2?76?@>6?2B25:2C:36?529:D2>676<7@D@=:CDB:<52?676<@>AD@?2CE>C:4292I2C63282:86=@>32?8D:52<52A2D>6?;6=2C<2?76?@>6?276?@>6?2D6BC63ED %6>E5:2?>E?4E==29A2?52?82?329G24292I2252=29A2BD:<6= ,63282:2?2=@8:A6B92D:<29&2'&6 *25282>32BD6BC63ED?523:C2>6>6B92D:<2?A6B36522?4292I2;:<25:2CE>C:<2?C63282:86=@>32?852?C63282:A2BD:<6= 6?82?2CE>C:C63282:86=@>32?84292I25:A2?42B<2?C63282:B2>32D2?86=@>32?8I2?8<@?D:?E 52AE?56?82?2CE>C:C63282:A2BD:<6=4292I25:A2?42B<2?52=2>36?DE<A2<6DA2<6D6?6B8:I2?85:C63ED7@D@? ,EA2I2?52=63:9>6>292>:2CE>C:4292I2C63282:A2BD:<6=?523:C2>6>A6=2;2B:676<7@D@=:CDB:<52?676<@>AD@?36B:<ED a.Efek Fotolistrik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ambar 7.10Skema eksperimen efek fotolistrik.ruang vakumcahayasaklar gesertutuptabungCTii+–+–VAMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII184Gambar 7.11(a) Apabila energi kinetik elektronmelebihi energi potensialpenghalang, elektron akan dapatmendaki bukit potensial; (b) Energikinetik elektron tidak bergantungpada intensitas cahaya; (c) Setiappermukaan memiliki frekuensi (f0)berbeda.Ekv6=6<DB@? 6BC2>22?56?82?<6?2:<2?3652A@D6?C:2=A6?E?;E<2?;2BE>2>A6B6>6D6B2<2?>6?864:= $:<2A252CE2DE<6D:<2;2BE>2>A6B>6D6B>6?E?;E<2?8<2?@=36C2B?I26?6B8:A@D6?C:2=C2>256?82?36C2B6?6B8:<:?6D:<I2?85:>:=:<:6=6<DB@? (:=2:3652A@D6?C:2=A252C22D:DE5:C63EDA@D6?C:2=96?D: ?6B8:A@D6?C:2=I2?85:36B:<2?52A2D5:AB65:<C:<2?C63282:C63E293E<:DI2?892BEC5:=6G2D:6=6<DB@?C6A6BD:A252&2'&6& A23:=23E<:DA@D6?C:2=D6BEC5:A6BD:?88:CE2DEC22D2>A6B6>6D6BI2?85:A2C2?85:32=:<3E<:D>6?E?;E<<2?2?8<2?@= #?:36B2BD:6?6B8:<:?6D:<6=6<DB@?D:52<4E<EA=28:E?DE<>6=6G2D:3E<:DA@D6?C:2=C69:?88236C2B?I2A@D6?C:2=96?D:36BC6CE2:2?56?82?6?6B8:<:?6D:<6=6<DB@? $ M2D2E >2<C &/M<CA6B:>6?I2?85:=2<E<2?@=69.378*.356?82?>6?8E329E3297B6<E6?C:4292I2I2?8;2DE9A252A=2D=@82><2D@56:?D6?C:D2C4292I252?A@D6?C:2=A6?892=2?8A252676<7@D@=:CDB:<>6>36B:<2?3636B2A2<6C:>AE=2?C63282:36B:<ED 26C2B6?6B8:<:?6D:<>2<C:>E>6=6<DB@?D:52<36B82?DE?8A252:?D6?C:D2C4292I2A6B92D:<2?&2'&6' 3,6D:2AA6B>E<22?=@82>>6>3EDE9<2?7B6<E6?C:>:?:>E>D6BD6?DEI2?85:C63ED7B6<E6?C:2>32?8282B676<7@D@=:CDB:<52A2D36B=2?8CE?8A6B92D:<2?&2'&6( 4=6<DB@?6=6<DB@?5:3632C<2?52B:A6B>E<22?=@82>92>A:BD2?A2C6=2?8G2<DEI2:DE<EB2?852B:MC6<@?C6D6=29A6?I:?2B2? 5-6@B:86=@>32?8D:52<52A2D>6?;6=2C<2?>6?82A26?6B8:<:?6D:<>2<C:>E>6=6<DB@?36BD2>329;:<27B6<E6?C:4292I25:A6B36C2B "2C:=6<CA6B:>6?D6BC63EDD:52<52A2D5:;6=2C<2?@=69D6@B:<=2C:<D6?D2?886=@>32?86=6<DB@>28?6D:< '6?EBEDD6@B:<=2C:<6?6B8:I2?85:<2?5E?886=@>32?86=6<DB@>28?6D:<36BC6CE2:2?56?82?:?D6?C:D2C?I2 A23:=2:?D6?C:D2CC6>2<:?D:?88:6?6B8:86=@>32?86=6<DB@>28?6D:<2<2?>6?:?88:AE=2 '652?=:CDB:<I2?85:32G286=@>32?86=6<DB@>28?6D:<2<2?>6>36B:<2?82I2A2526=6<DB@?5:A6B>E<22?=@82>C69:?8826=6<DB@?>6>A6B@=696?6B8:52B:86=@>32?8 $:<26?6B8:I2?85:>:=:<:6=6<DB@?4E<EA36C2B6=6<DB@?2<2?D6B=6A2C52B:A6B>E<22?=@82> 6B52C2B<2?92=:DEC692BEC?I26?6B8:<:?6D:<6=6<DB@?36B82?DE?8A252:?D6?C:D2C4292I2 %6925:B2?7B6<E6?C:2>32?8AE?D:52<52A2D5:;6=2C<2?56?82?D6@B:<=2C:< <CA6B:>6?>6?E?;E<<2?329G2C6<64:=2A2AE?:?D6?C:D2C4292I22A23:=27B6<E6?C:?I2=63:936C2B52B:A2527B6<E6?C:676<7@D@=:CDB:<2<2?D6B;25: '6?EBEDD6@B:<=2C:<C692BEC?I2I2?8252252=29:?D6?C:D2C2>32?8 6?82?<636B82?DE?82?6?6B8:4292I2A252:?D6?C:D2C?I29E3E?82?=:?62B2?D2B26?6B8:<:?6D:<6=6<DB@?52?7B6<E6?C:86=@>32?86=6<DB@>28?6D:<C2>2C6<2=:D:52<52A2D5:;6=2C<2? '6?EBED1'*68.378*.3C6>E26?6B8:7@D@?5:36B:<2?<6A2526=6<DB@?52?:?:>6?I6323<2?7@D@?=6?I2A #236BA2?52?82?329G2<E2?DE>>6BEA2<2?C:72D86=@>32?8:DEC6?5:B: '6?EBED?I24292I2Sumber: Fisika untuk Sains dan Teknik Tipler2320468f0f0f0CeNaK1014 Hzenergi potensialgelombang (eV)–V0VIintensitastinggiintensitasrendah2341Radiasi Benda Hitam185D6B5:B:2D2CA2<6DA2<6DI2?85:C63EDC63282:7@D@? @D@?7@D@?>6BEA2<2?A2BD:<6=I2?8D:52<36B>2CC2I2?85:C6B2A52?5:A2?42B<2? ?6B8:I2?85:>:=:<:@=697@D@?C2>256?82?<E2?D2I2?85:<6>E<2<2?@=69*=2?4<I2:DE !56?82?!252=29<@?CD2?D2*=2?4<52?252=297B6<E6?C:86=@>32?86=6<DB@>28?6D:< :?CD6:?52A2D>6?;6=2C<2?C642B2C6>AEB?292C:=676<7@D@=:CDB:< 292I2I2?8;2DE95:2D2C=@82>5:=E<:C<2?C63282:B6?D6D2?7@D@?I2?8>6?E>3E<A252=@82>C6D:2A7@D@?>6?E>3E<6=6<DB@?52=2>=@82> *252A6B:CD:G2DE>3E<2?D6BC63ED7@D@?>6>36B:<2?C6=EBE96?6B8:?I2<6A2526=6<DB@?52?7@D@?:DEC6?5:B:>6?;25:=6?I2A ?6B8:I2?85:A6B=E<2?E?DE<>6=6A2C<2?5:B:52B:A6B>E<22?=@82>5:C63ED7E?8C:<6B;2 .?DE<;6?:C=@82>I2?836B3652D6?DE?I27E?8C:<6B;22<2?36B3652AE=2<2B6?2A6B36522?6?6B8::<2D2?D2B26=6<DB@?52?:@?52=2>=@82> $25:E?DE<=@82>D6BD6?DE36B=2<E !M$:<27B6<E6?C:7@D@?=63:936C2B52B:A2527B6<E6?C:2>32?8<6=63:92?6?6B8:I2?85:D6B:>26=6<DB@?:DE2<2?>6?;25:6?6B8:<:?6D:<6=6<DB@? !2! $M! !$! $MKeterangan:!<@?CD2?D2*=2?4<PM$C7B6<E6?C:86=@>32?84292I2"J7B6<E6?C:2>32?8"J$:<25:3E2D52=2>C63E29D236=7E?8C:<6B;27@D@=:CDB:<3636B2A2;6?:C=@82>3:C25:=:92D52=2>"&'*1 1 eV = 1,6 × 10–19 JIngatlah"&'*1 E?8C:%6B;2=6<DB@?A252636B2A2&@82>6C:E>C %2=:E>% (2DB:E>(2 >2CE-6>3282E*6B2<8*=2D:?2*D4,&2&2'&3,93,7.*6/&%*$Efek fotolistrik selain memilikiperanan penting dalam teori fotonpada cahaya, juga memiliki banyaksekali aplikasi dalam kehidupansehari-hari. Sebagai contoh adalahalarm pencuri dan pembukaotomatis yang juga menggunakansirkuit fotolistrik. Ketika seseorangmenghalangi sinar yang dipancarkan,penurunan arus listrik dapatmengaktifkan saklar sehingga belberbunyi atau pintu terbuka.Biasanya sinar yang digunakan adalahsinar ultraviolet dan inframerahkarena kedua sinar ini tidak terlihat.The photoelectric effect, besidesplaying an important historical rolein confirming the photon theory oflight, also has many practicalapplications. Burglar alarms andautomatic door openers often makeuse of the photocell circuit. When aperson interrupts the beam of light, thesudden drop in current in the circuitactivates a switch which operates abell or opens the door. UV or IR light issometimes used in burglar alarmsbecause of its invisibility.Sumber: Physics for Scientist & EngineersInformasiuntuk AndaInformation for You B6<E6?C:2>32?8CE2DE3292?P"J $:<23292?D6BC63ED5:C:?2B:56?82?C:?2BI2?8>6>:=:<:7B6<E6?C: P"JD6?DE<2?36C2B6?6B8:<:?6D:<6=6<DB@?I2?8D6B=6A2C52B:A6B>E<22?=@82>D6BC63ED &;&'$!2!!2$PM$C P"JMP"J$PM$CP"JPM;@E=6 Contoh 7.6Sumber: Physics, 1993Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII186%2=:E>5:C:?2B:56?82?4292I2E=DB2F:@=6DI2?8A2?;2?886=@>32?8?I2 K $:<27E?8C:<6B;2<2=:E> 6/D6?DE<2?=29?:=2:A@D6?C:2=96?D:A252A6B:CD:G2676<7@D@=:CDB:<D6BC63ED!PM$C &;&':<6D29E: K PM> 6/ 6/PM$CPM$?6B8:<:?6D:<>2<C:>E>6=6<DB@?$> !2 !2$>> C$C$ >$>PM$%6>E5:2?8E?2<2?*67&2&&3?C69:?882$> 2D2E>$ $ /$25:A@D6?C:2=96?D:A252676<7@D@=:CDB:<D6BC63ED252=29 / b.Efek Compton2=2>A6B:CD:G2676<7@D@=:CDB:<4292I2I2?85:;2DE9<2?A252<6A:?8=@82>5:A6B=2<E<2?C63282:A2<6D6?6B8:I2?85:C63ED7@D@? @D@?:DE>6?82=2>:A6B:CD:G2DE>3E<2?56?82?6=6<DB@? :2C2?I2DE>3E<2?C6=2=E5:9E3E?8<2?56?82?>@>6?DE> *252A6B:CD:G2D6BC63ED2<2?36B=2<E"E<E>%6<6<2=2?'@>6?DE>52?"E<E>%6<6<2=2??6B8: *6?6=:D:2?92>3EB2?C:?2B1I2?85:=2<E<2?68-96425843 M >6?892C:=<2?76?@>6?232BEI2:DEA6B86C6B2?A2?;2?886=@>32?82D2EA6BE3292?7B6<E6?C:C636=E>52?C6CE529DE>3E<2? !6;2=2:?:5:;6=2C<2?@=6942584356?82?>6?82?882A329G2I2?8D6B;25:252=29DE>3E<2?2?D2B2<E2?DE>4292I27@D@?52?6=6<DB@?3632C %6D:<27@D@?>6?E>3E<6=6<DB@?C6328:2?6?6B8:7@D@?2<2?5:36B:<2?<6A2526=6<DB@?C69:?8826=6<DB@?>6>:=:<:6?6B8:<:?6D:< 52AE?6?6B8:7@D@?C6D6=29DE>3E<2?2<2?36B<EB2?8 '6?EBEDD6@B:<=2C:<A6?8EB2?82?6?6B8:D:52<2<2?5::<ED:@=69A6BE3292?7B6<E6?C:2D2EA2?;2?886=@>32?8 (2>E?>6?EBEDD6@B:<E2?DE>A6BE3292?6?6B8:36B2BD:2<2?D6B;25:A6BE3292?7B6<E6?C:52?A6BE3292?A2?;2?886=@>32?8 #?:5:3E<D:<2?52B:92C:=A6?82>2D2?I2?8>6?E?;E<<2?329G2C6D6=29DE>3E<2?A2?;2?886=@>32?87@D@?36BD2>32936C2B )=69<2B6?26?6B8:7@D@?5:BE>EC<2?C63282:!;6=2C=29329G26?6B8:7@D@?C6D6=29DE>3E<2?2<2?36B<EB2?8 42*3892+4843%6C6D2B22?>2CC252?6?6B8:>6?EBED.378*.3252=29 & "2=D6BC63ED2<2??52A6=2;2B:52=2>A@<@<3292C2?36B:<ED?I2C652?8<2?Contoh 7.7Foton merupakan paket-paketenergi pada cahaya. Konsep inimerupakan kelanjutan dari asumsicahaya merupakan partikel.IngatlahTugas Anda 7.2Proses terjadinya sinar-Xmerupakan kebalikan dari prosesfotolistrik. Carilah informasi dariberbagai sumber tentang sinar-Xdan diskusikanlah bersama temansekelas Anda.)=69<2B6?2;@E=6PM6/36C2B6?6B8:<:?6D:<6=6<DB@?I2?8D6B=6A2C252=29$6/ 6/Radiasi Benda Hitam187>6?EBED*=2?4<4292I236B36?DE<A2<6DA2<6D6?6B8:56?82?6?6B8:7@D@?C636C2B ! 6?82?56>:<:2?A6?56<2D2?C642B2B6=2D:F:CD:<52A2D5:DE=:C !&!& M 2B:*67&2&&3? ?5252A2D>6>A6B@=69A6BC2>22?>@>6?DE>B6=2D:F:CD:<52B:C63E297@D@?I2:DE!)&M:<6D29E:52?>2<2*67&2&&3? 52A2D5:DE=:C2D2E!!))M%6D6B2?82?)>@>6?DE>C63E297@D@?<8> C46A2DB2>32D4292I2> CA2?;2?886=@>32?84292I2>!D6D2A2?*=2?4<PM$C7B6<E6?C:4292I2"J *69'&-&3&3/&3,*142'&3,5&)&&2'96&3425843*6B92D:<2?DE>3E<2?2?D2B2C63E297@D@?52?C63E296=6<DB@?C6A6BD:5:DE?;E<<2?A252&2'&6 ,636=E>DE>3E<2?7@D@?>6>:=:<:A2?;2?886=@>32?852?6=6<DB@?36B25252=2><62522?5:2> ,6D6=29DE>3E<2?7@D@?D6B92>3EB56?82?CE5ED52?>6?82=2>:A6?EBE?2?6?6B8:>6?;25: :=2:?A:92<C6328:2?6=6<DB@?>6>36?DE<CE5ED 56?82?2B2986B2<7@D@?C636=E>DE>3E<2? "2>3EB2?I2?85:2=2>:@=697@D@?5:C63ED92>3EB2?@>AD@?56?82?4:B:4:B:<92C?I2D6B;25:A6BE3292?52?A6BE3292? .?DE<>6?86D29E:A6BE3292?6?6B8:2D2EA2?;2?886=@>32?87@D@?C6D6=29D6B92>3EB5:8E?2<2?2?2=:C:C56?82?"E<E>%6<6<2=2?'@>6?DE>52?"E<E>%6<6<2=2??6B8: )=69<2B6?26?6B8:I2?8D6B=:32DC2?82DD:?88:C6BD2<6>E?8<:?2?36C2B<646A2D2?6=6<DB@?C6D6=29DE>3E<2?C2?82D36C2BA6BC2>22?5:?2>:<2I2?85:8E?2<2?252=295:?2>:<2B6=2D:F:CD:< 6?82?>6?88E?2<2?"E<E>%6<6<2=2??6B8:52?"E<E>%6<6<2=2?'@>6?DE>52=2>5:?2>:<2+6=2D:F:CD:<5:52A2D<2?A6BC2>22?92>3EB2?@>AD@?C63282:36B:<ED 4@C!&MKeterangan:A2?;2?886=@>32?87@D@?C636=E>DE>3E<2?>’A2?;2?886=@>32?87@D@?C6CE529DE>3E<2?>!D6D2A2?*=2?4<PM$C46A2DB2>32D4292I2P> CCE5EDA6?I:>A2?82?7@D@?&>2CC25:2>6=6<DB@?<8Gambar 7.12Tumbukan foton dan elektron(a)sebelum tumbukan(b)sesudah tumbukanfoton dengan, p23', p'foton terhamburelektronterdorongpev TokohArthur Compton (Holly)(1892–1962)Arthur Compton adalah seorang ahliFisika yang dilahirkan di Wooster,Ohio, USA. Dia belajar di UniversitasPrincetion dan lulus menjadiprofesor Fisika di Chicago (1923). Diameneliti dan menjelaskan EfekCompton, penambahan panjanggelombang sinar-X yangdihamburkan ketika bertumbukandengan elektron. Untuk sumbanganpemikirannya tersebut, diamendapat penghargaan Nobel Fisikapada 1927.Sumber: www.allbiographies.comelektron diamMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII188Ek (eV)f (Hz)0,23,7f0,:?2B156?82?A2?;2?886=@>32?8 ?>5:92>3EB<2?@=69C63E2932=@<<2B3@? ,:?2B1I2?85:92>3EB<2?5:2>2D:>6?I:>A2?8LD6B9252A2B29?I2C6>E=2 ":DE?8A2?;2?886=@>32?8C:?2B1I2?85:92>3EB<2?:?: &;&'652A2?;2?886=@>32?87@D@?C636=E>52?C6CE5295:92>3EB<2?52A2D5:9:DE?856?82?*67&2&&3? 4@C!&:<6D29E: ?>!PM$C52?&PM<8>2<2$C4@C<8> CPM>?>*2?;2?886=@>32?87@D@?C:?2B1I2?85:92>3EB<2?252=29’ ?>?> ?>2.Sifat Gelombang pada Partikel*252A6>3292C2?C636=E>?I2D6=295:;6=2C<2?329G286=@>32?8>6>:=:<:C:72DA2BD:<6= ,6<2B2?8>E?4E=A6BD2?I22?2A2<29A2BD:<6=>6>:=:<:C:72D86=@>32?82=2>A6B:CD:G2:?D6B76B6?C:52?5:7B2<C:4292I2C:72D86=@>32?84292I2=63:9>6?@?;@=52B:A252C:72DA2BD:<6=4292I2 52AE?52=2>A6B:CD:G2676<7@D@=:CDB:<52?676<@>AD@?C:72DA2BD:<6=4292I2=63:9>6?@?;@=52B:A252C:72D86=@>32?84292I2 *252 :C:<2G2?36B<632?8C22?*B2?4:C49.7)*64,1.*252=29@B2?8A6BD2>2I2?8>6?82;E<2?9:A@D6C:C329G2A2BD:<6=C6A6BD:6=6<DB@?;E8252A2D36BC:72DC63282:86=@>32?8 a.Panjang Gelombang de Broglie49.7)*64,1.*>6?I2D2<2?329G26=6<DB@?I2?836B86B2<252<6>E?8<:?2?>6>:=:<:C:72D86=@>32?856?82?A2?;2?886=@>32?8I2?8C6CE2: *2BD:<6=I2?836B86B2<56?82?<646A2D2?/>6>:=:<:>@>6?DE>) &/2D2EC642B2B6=2D:F:CD:<5:DE=:C<2?C63282:36B:<ED !))=69<2B6?2 >2<2!!)C69:?882A2?;2?886=@>32?856B@8=:6252=29!!)&/M*252*67&2&&3?CE<E!&5:C63ED;E82A2?;2?886=@>32?8@>AD@??:=2:?I2252=29 $C > <8> C!&Contoh 7.8Pembahasan SoalGrafik di atas menunjukkanhubungan antara energi kinetikmaksimum elektron terhadapfrekuensi foton pada efekfotolistrik. Jika h = 6,6 × 10–34 Js dan1 eV = 1,6 × 10–19 J, besar f adalah ....a.48 × 1014 Hzb.21 × 1014 Hzc.14 × 1014 Hzd.9,5 × 1014 Hze.8,9 × 1014 HzUMPTN 1996PembahasanMenurut persamaan efek fotolistrikEk = hf – Wmakaf = kEWhDari grafik, nilai Ek = 0,2 eV = 0,2 (1,6 ×10–19) JPada saat f = 0, berlakuEk = – W atau W = –EkDari grafik, saat f = 0, nilai Ek = –37 eV,maka W = 3,7 eV = 3,7 (1,6 × 10–19) JJadi,f= EkWh = 19340,23,71,610J6,610Js= 9,5 × 1014 HzJawaban: dRadiasi Benda Hitam189%6D6B2?82?A2?;2?886=@>32?8A2BD:<6=>6?EBED56B@8=:6>!D6D2A2?*=2?4<PM$C&>2CC25:2>A2BD:<6=<8/=2;EA2BD:<6=> C2=2>A6?82>2D2??I2)*64,1.*>6=:92D329G236B<2C6=6<DB@?5:92>3EB<2?@=692D@>2D@>A6B>E<22??:<6=D6A2DC6A6BD:I2?85:A6B<:B2<2?E?DE<5:7B2<C:86=@>32?8>6?EBEDBE>ECB28852?>6>:=:<:A2?;2?886=@>32?8I2?8C6CE2:56?82?I2?85:36B:<2?@=69A6BC2>22?56B@8=:6 "2C:=A6B4@322?:?:>6I2<:?<2?)*64,1.*329G2A2BD:<6=6=6<DB@?I2?836B86B2<52A2D>6>:=:<:C:72D86=@>32?8I2?85:4:B:<2?@=69A2?;2?886=@>32?8?I2 ,63E296=6<DB@?I2?8>E=2>E=25:2>5:A6B46A2D@=693652A@D6?C:2==:CDB:< $:<2>2CC26=6<DB@?&>E2D2?6=6<DB@?52?D6D2A2?*=2?4<!D6?DE<2?=29A2?;2?886=@>32?86=6<DB@?D6BC63ED $:<25::?8:?<2?A2?;2?886=@>32?8K36B2A236C2BI2?892BEC5:36B:<2?&PM<8PM52?!PM$C &;&',63E296=6<DB@?I2?85:A6B46A2D56?82?3652A@D6?C:2=52B:<62522?5:2>2<2?>6?6B:>2)=:CDB:<52?>6?8E329?I2>6?;25:$6=6<DB@? &/ C69:?88236B=2<E &/2D2E /&*2?;2?886=@>32?856B@8=:66=6<DB@?252=29 !!!!&/&&&&& 82BKPM>>2<252A2D5:9:DE?8C63282:36B:<ED $C> <8/PM> PM<8PM PM$C F@=DContoh 7.10TokohLouis Victor de Broglie(1892–1987)Louis Victor De Broglie (1892–1987) lahir di Dieppe, Prancis, danbersekolah di Sorbonne. Iamelanjutkan kuliahnya di UniversitasParis tahun 1926. Pada 1929, iamenerima hadiah Nobel dalambidang Fisika atas teorinya mengenaisifat gelombang pada partikel. Teoriini menjadi dasar dari mekanikakuantum, cabang dari ilmu Fisika.Pada awal 1800, para fisikawanpercaya bahwa cahaya terdiri atasgelombang energi. Pada 1900, MaxPlanck menunjukkan bahwa cahayadapat bersifat partikel. Pada 1924, deBroglie menyatakan bahwa elektrondapat bersifat sebagai partikel dangelombang.Sumber: Conceptual of Physics, 2000Tantanganuntuk AndaEfek Compton diaplikasikan dalamdunia kedokteran untuk mendeteksikepadatan tulang. Dengan bahasaAnda sendiri, dapatkah Andamenjelaskan cara kerjanya?Contoh 7.9-6?DE<2?A2?;2?886=@>32?856B@8=:6E?DE<36?5236B:<ED:?: 2 @=256?82?>2CC2<8I2?836B86B2<56?82?<646A2D2? > C 3 =6<DB@?I2?836B86B2<56?82?6?6B8:<:?6D:<6/ &;&':<6D29E:&<8/ > C 2 $C><8 > C!&/3 $=6/PM$ <8$$)& <8> C $C ><8> C!)Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII190b.Eksperimen Davisson-Germer*252 &:.774352?*62*6>6=2<E<2?A6?6=:D:2?>6?86?2:92>3EB2?6=6<DB@? '6B6<2>6?;2DE9<2?36B<2C6=6<DB@?I2?8>6>:=:<:6?6B8:<:?6D:<D6BD6?DE<62D2C<B:CD2=DE?882=?:<6= '6B6<2>6?82>2D:329G2A252CE5EDD6BD6?DED6B;25:D:D:<>2<C:>E>I2?836B9E3E?82?56?82?A@=2:?D6B76B6?C: 6B52C2B<2?52D2I2?85:A6B@=69A2?;2?886=@>32?8I2?85:52A2D<2?D6B?I2D2252<6C6CE2:2?2?D2B292C:=I2?8>6B6<2A6B@=6952?A2?;2?886=@>32?8I2?85:52A2D<2?>6?EBED9:A@D6C:C56B@8=:6 ,<6>22=2DA6B4@322?I2?85:=2<E<2?>6B6<2D2>A2<A252&2'&6 =6<DB@?I2?85:8E?2<2?52B:<2G2D7:=2>6?A252D23E?892>A2E52B25:=6G2D<2?>6=2=E:>652?=:CDB:<56?82?A@D6?C:2=I2?852A2D5:2DEB ,6D6=295:9:DE?8A2?;2?886=@>32?8I2?85:>:=:<:@=696=6<DB@?@B56?I2C2>236C2B56?82?;2B2<2D@>2D@>52=2><B:CD2=3292?A252D 6?82?>6?82>2D:CE5EDCE5EDA2?DE=6=6<DB@?C6D6=29>6?86?2:<B:CD2=&:.774352?*62*6>6>A6B@=69A@=2A@=25:7B2<C:C6A6BD:A252&2'&6I2?8C2>256?82?A@=25:7B2<C:@=69C:?2B1 "2C:=6<CA6B:>6?&:.774352?*62*6>6?E?;E<<2?329G2A2BD:<6=C6A6BD:6=6<DB@?52A2D36BC:72DC63282:86=@>32?8 *2526<CA6B:>6?&:.7743*62*636B<2C6=6<DB@?I2?8;2DE9A2523:52?8A6>2?DE=<B:CD2=56?82?CE5ED52?3:52?8A6>2?DE=I2?8>6>:=:<:C6=2?8;2B2<C636C2B2<2?>6?892>3EB<2?6=6<DB@?56?82?CE5ED92>3EB "E3E?82?;2B2<2?D2B22D@>52?;2B2<2?D2B23:52?8A6>2?DE=>6>6?E9:A6BC2>22?36B:<ED 4@C M2B:&2'&6D6B=:92D329G252? >6>6?E9:9E3E?82? C69:?882*6BC2>22?M36BE329>6?;25:C:?M%6D:<26=6<DB@?5:A6B46A2D56?82?3652A@D6?C:2=F@=D :?D6B76B6?C:>2<C:>E>2<2?D6B;25:A252 L 6?82?>6?88E?2<2?*67&2&&3??:=2:2<2?5:A6B@=69E?DE<;2B2<2?D2B22D@>?:<6= ?> $:<25:32?5:?8<2?56?82??:=2:I2?85:A6B@=6936B52C2B<2?D6@B:)*64,1.*2<2?>6?892C:=<2??:=2:A2?;2?886=@>32?8I2?8C2>2 6?82?56>:<:2?A6B9:DE?82?A2?;2?886=@>32?8I2?85:=2<E<2?@=69&:.7743*62*6>6?EBEDA6B4@322?C2>256?82?A2?;2?886=@>32?836B52C2B<2?D6@B:)*64,1.* &:.7743*62*636B92C:=>6?E?;E<<2?329G2>2D6B:>6>:=:<:C:72D86=@>32?8 *6B4@322?A6B4@322?E?DE<>6>3E<D:<2?<636B2522?A2BD:<6=D6BEC36B<6>32?8 ,2=29C2DE4@?D@9?I2252=29A@=2A@=25:7B2<C:I2?8D6B;25:C63282:2<:32D36B<2C6=6<DB@?I2?85:;2DE9<2?A252<B:CD2=2=E>:?:E> *6?6>E2?C:72D86=@>32?8A2BD:<6=C6=2?;ED?I2>6=29:B<2?CE2DE<2;:2?32BE52=2>7:C:<2I2?85:C63ED>6<2?:<286=@>32?8 *252>2C2C6<2B2?8C:72D86=@>32?8I2?85:>:=:<:A2BD:<6=D6=2932?I2<5:>2?722D<2? ,:72DC:72D3292?5:C6=:5:<:56?82?>6=:92DA@=25:7B2<C:6=6<DB@?I2?85:;2DE9<2?A2523292?D6BC63ED ':<B@C<@A6=6<DB@?berkaselektronkristalnikeldetektorfilamenGambar 7.13Skema alat percobaan Davisson-Germer. Berkas elektrondijatuhkan pada kristal tunggalnikel. Interferensi yang terjadipada sudut diamati pada detektor.Gambar 7.14Gambaran mengenaihamburan elektron olehbidang kristal. addada 2 2 2sinar datangNext >