< Previous 140 Pedoman Penskoran Aspek Penilaian Deskripsi Nilai Partisipasi Keterlibatan dalam bermain peran Peran dari tokoh yang diperankan 60 – 100 Penghayatan Peran Penjiwaan terhadap tokoh Kesesuaian kostum tokoh Semangat bermain peran 60 – 100 Kerjasama Membantu teman Tenggang rasa dengan teman 60– 100 Kriteria Pencapaian Kompetensi /Ketuntasan Belajar Aspek Pengetahuan 1-4 Predikat Keterampilan 1-4 Predikat Sikap SB/ B/ C/ K Keterangan KKM Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan KKM > 2.66 KKM Sikap : Baik Bila tingkat pencapaian kompetensi anda mencapai KKM > 2.66, maka anda dinyatakan tuntas dan dapat melanjutkan ke kegiatan belajar selanjutnya. Tetapi apabila tingkat pencapaian kompetensi anda mencapai KKM < 2.66 maka anda dinyatakan belum tuntas, maka anda harus mengulangi mulai dari kegiatan belajar, terutama pada bagian yang masih belum anda kuasai. 141 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 6 : Cargo Handling A. Deskripsi Cargo handling adalah aktiftas perkapalan terkait dengan pengelolaan barang, baik menaikkan ataupun menurunkan barang, dari dan ke atas kapal. Secara praktis, pengetahuan tentang kapalnya itu sendiri adalah dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap siswa. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan materi pada kegiatan pembelajaran sebelumnya, dalam hal ini pada KB 2 tentang ‘types of the ship’, sehingga setiap siswa akan dapat dengan mudah menguasai kompetensi pada kegiatan pembelajaran ini. B. Kegiatan Belajar 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran a. Melalui kegiatan pembelajaran ini siswa diajak untuk mengetahui aktifitas cargo handling. b. Selanjutnya siswa diajak untuk lebih dalam memahami peristilahan Maritime English secara praktis dalam hal cargo handling berikut peristilahannya. c. Terkait dengan kompetensi grammar, siswa diarahkan untuk memahami penggunaan comparative/superlatives yang sering digunakan dalam aktifitas berbahasa Inggris maritim dan perkapalan. 2. Uraian Materi There are many types of cargo ship. Some of them, like roll-on roll-o_ ferries, oil tankers and car transporters, are designed for specific tasks. Other cargo vessels include: 142 • Bulk carriers • Container ships (carrying standardized size containers) • Reefer ships (with refrigerated cargo holds) • Heavy lift vessels • Tankers • LNG carriers (liquefied, natural gas) • Coasters (ships with shallow hulls) • FPSO units (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessel) Most dry cargo is carried by container ships. Containers are a standard size and they are piled up on the decks of container vessels so that there is no waste of space. Cargoes are of various categories.¿ey are classi_ed as either dry goods, liquids or ‘general’. The IMO classes dangerous (hazardous) cargo on a list ranging from 1–9 to include explosives, gases, _ammable liquids, oxidising substances, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive substances and corrosives. a. Vocabulary Coba anda sebutkan dan jelaskan jenis-jenis kapal cargo (cargo vessels) yang anda ketahui. Kemudian, perhatikan dan amati gambar berikut dibawah ini. 143 1) Identify the types of vessels in the pictures. 2) What two different types of cargoes do the pictures show? 3) Identify the following things: Davits – Containers – Quays – Lines – Gantry – Hold – Pier Choose the best definitions from a, b and c: 1) Bill of lading a) A document with information about a cargo b) A charge for transporting cargo c) A destination 2) Warehouse a) Area for storing cargo on a ship b) Shop c) Building for storage 3) Quay a) Place for unloading ships b) A type of bridge c) A platform over the water 4) Crane a) Equipment for lifting and lowering heavy things b) Machine for moving cargo to a storage area c) A type of package 5) Stevedore a) A man’s name b) A docker c) A ship’s crewman 6) Sack a) Atypeofbox b) A room 144 c) Atypeofbag 7) Pallet a) A portable platform for cargo b) Atypeofbox c) A container 8) Fork li truck a) Long distance transporter b) Vehicle for moving pallets c) A li on a truck 9) Hold a) A lift b) Crew’s quarters c) Area for storing cargo 10) Hatch a) a room on board b) adoorinthe deck c) a ladder Use the words above (1–10) to complete these sentences 1. Open the escape ________ and get out. 2. The _____________________ driver is moving the cargo to a storage area. 3. Put all the boxes onto a ____________________________________. 4. Embark at ___________________________ number thirty one. 5. The delivery date on the _________________________ is the 5th on November. 6. My father was a _______________________ and I am one too. 7. The ship’s _________________________ is clean and ready for loading. 8. We must ise a _________________________ to lift a heavy box. 9. Each ____________________________________ of rice weighs 200 kilos. 10. Take the cargo from the ship and store it in ____________________ number three. 145 Study the dialogue between a cargo inspector and a ship’s captain and find words that mean: 1) broken 2) a hole 3) at the time of 4) what is inside 5) temperature recorders 6) working Inspector : Are there any damaged sacks Captain? Captain : Yes, some of them are split Inspector : When did they split? Captain : During loading Inspector : I see. Have rats eaten the contents of any of the sacks? Captain : There’s no sign of that. Inspector : ok. Are the thermometers in the hold operational? Captain : Yes, they are all operational. b. Structure Comparatives/superlatives Background: 1) Rules for forming comparatives a) Add ‘-er’ to the ends of single syllable adjectives. Examples: fast – faster 146 This vessel is faster than that one. b) For two syllable adjectives ending in ‘-y’ change the y to ‘-ier’ Examples: happy – happier The ship is a happier place now. c) With adjectives of two or more syllables add the word ‘more’. Examples: di_cult - more di_cult A mariner’s job is more di_cult than almost all others. 2) Rules for forming superlatives a) Put ‘the’ before one syllable adjectives and ‘-est’ to the end of the adjective. Examples: cheap – the cheapest What is the cheapest way to transport this cargo? b) For adjectives of two or more syllables put the words ‘the most’ before the adjective. Examples: di_cult – the most di_cult I think a mariner’s job is the most di_cult in the world. c) c) For two syllable adjectives ending in ‘-y’ put ‘the’ before the adjective and change the ‘y’ to ‘iest’. Example: happy – the happiest This is the happiest man I know. 3) Important exceptions a) Good (adjective) – better – the best Example:This ship is better than that one. b) Bad – worse – the worst Example: I thought the last voyage was bad but this one is worse. Exercise 1. Answer these questions: 1) What is the opposite of more? _______________________________________ . 2) Complete this set of words: ___________________________ , better, best. 147 3) Which is correct: more dangerous or dangerouser? 4) Complete this set of words: bad, ___________ , ________________________ . Exercise 2. Study these sentences. Identify the comparatives and superlatives: 1) Move the heaviest pallets first. 2) Labour costs are higher than equipment. 3) Our cargo is more dangerous than usual. 4) It is the least safe choice, but we have to do it. 5) Lash those pallets more securely. Exercise 3. Complete these sentences using the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets plus than: Example: Labour is ______________________ (expensive) equipment. Labour is more expensive than equipment. 1) This is____________________ (hard) I expected. 2) A little cargo is __________________(good) nothing. 3) The hold is now ___________________ (cold) it was before. Exercise 4. Complete these sentences using the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets: 1) Labour is our___________________ (high) cost. 2) The ____________________ (bad) problem in port is stowaways. 3) The Olympic voyager is the __________________ (fast) ship. 148 4) Only the _____________ (good) stevedores work here. 5) Explosives are the _____________________________________ (dangerous) cargo. Exercise 5. Complete the dialogues using the comparative form of the words in brackets (+ than if necessary) or the superlative form of the word in brackets: A: Why do you use a crane? B: Moving cargo is much _________________ (easy) with a crane. A: Which is the ___________________ (dangerous) cargo you handle? B: Poisons are dangerous but explosives are ____________ (dangerous) poisons. A: Who gets __________________ (little) money, a stevedore or a deck hand? B: A deck hand usually gets (little) money than a stevedore. c. Reading In some countries stevedores demand higher than average pay. Because this means that cargo handling costs are very high, steps have been taken by shipping companies and port authorities to rationalise the process of loading, unloading and storing cargo. Changes have included the spread of containerization whichmakesmechanised handling of bulk goods easier and cheaper. In many ports computers and robotics are used in the process. 149 Handling cargo is o en part of a mariner’s routine – especially for those on Ro- Ro vessels and mariners working in harbours, on rivers and canals. Mariners are trained in cargo handling procedures and they learn how stowage of its cargo a_ects the stability of a ship. In some places and under some conditions the work of unloading and loading is done by mariners; not by stevedores. It is normal practice to pay the mariners extra for doing this. Next >