i i KATA PENGANTAR Kurikulum 2013 dirancang untuk memperkuat kompetensi siswa dari sisi sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan secara utuh. Keutuhan tersebut menjadi dasar dalam perumusan kompetensi dasar tiap mata pelajaran mencakup kompetensi dasar kelompok sikap, kompetensi dasar kelompok pengetahuan, dan kompetensi dasar kelompok keterampilan. Semua mata pelajaran dirancang mengikuti rumusan tersebut. Pembelajaran kelas X dan XI jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Kejuruhan yang disajikan dalam buku ini juga tunduk pada ketentuan tersebut. Buku siswa ini diberisi materi pembelajaran yang membekali peserta didik dengan pengetahuan, keterampilan dalam menyajikan pengetahuan yang dikuasai secara kongkrit dan abstrak, dan sikap sebagai makhluk yang mensyukuri anugerah alam semesta yang dikaruniakan kepadanya melalui pemanfaatan yang bertanggung jawab. Buku ini menjabarkan usaha minimal yang harus dilakukan siswa untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diharuskan. Sesuai dengan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kurikulum 2013, siswa diberanikan untuk mencari dari sumber belajar lain yang tersedia dan terbentang luas di sekitarnya. Peran guru sangat penting untuk meningkatkan dan menyesuaikan daya serp siswa dengan ketersediaan kegiatan buku ini. Guru dapat memperkayanya dengan kreasi dalam bentuk kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang sesuai dan relevan yang bersumber dari lingkungan sosial dan alam. Buku ini sangat terbuka dan terus dilakukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Untuk itu, kami mengundang para pembaca memberikan kritik, saran, dan masukan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Atas kontribusi tersebut, kami ucapkan terima kasih. Mudah-mudahan kita dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi seratus tahun Indonesia Merdeka (2045). ii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................................................................... v PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR ....................................................................................................... ix GLOSARIUM .................................................................................................................................................. x I. PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Deskripsi ................................................................................................................................................ 1 B. Prasyarat ................................................................................................................................................ 1 C. Petunjuk Penggunaan Bahan Ajar ............................................................................................... 2 1. Penjelasan Bagi Siswa ................................................................................................................. 2 2. Peran Guru....................................................................................................................................... 3 D. Tujuan Akhir......................................................................................................................................... 3 E. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar .................................................................................... 4 1. Kompetensi Inti ............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Kompetensi Dasar ........................................................................................................................ 5 F. Cek Kemampuan Awal ...................................................................................................................... 7 II. PEMBELAJARAN................................................................................................................................. 10 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1 : Teknik Pemanenan Hasil Hutan Kayu dan Bukan Kayu (32 JP) ................................................................................................. 10 A. Deskripsi ............................................................................................................................................. 10 B. Kegiatan Belajar ............................................................................................................................... 10 1. Tujuan pembelajaran ............................................................................................................... 10 2. Uraian Materi............................................................................................................................... 10 3. Refleksi........................................................................................................................................... 35 4. Tugas............................................................................................................................................... 36 5. Test Formatif ............................................................................................................................... 36 C. Penilaian ............................................................................................................................................. 37 iii 1. Sikap ................................................................................................................................................ 37 2. Pengetahuan ................................................................................................................................ 38 3. Keterampilan ............................................................................................................................... 38 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2 : Pelaksanaan Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) dalam Pemanenan (32 JP) ........................................................................ 47 A. Deskripsi ............................................................................................................................................. 47 B. Kegiatan Pembelajaran ................................................................................................................. 47 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ............................................................................................................... 47 2. Uraian Materi............................................................................................................................... 48 3. Refleksi........................................................................................................................................... 81 4. Tugas............................................................................................................................................... 83 5. Tugas............................................................................................................................................... 88 6. Test Formatip .............................................................................................................................. 90 C. Penilaian ............................................................................................................................................. 94 1. Sikap ................................................................................................................................................ 94 2. Pengetahuan ................................................................................................................................ 95 3. Keterampilan ............................................................................................................................... 95 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 3 : Macam-macam dan Cara Mengoperasikan Alat-Alat Pemanenan Hasil Hutan (32 JP) ........................................... 104 A. Diskripsi ............................................................................................................................................ 104 B. Kegiatan Belajar ............................................................................................................................. 104 1. Tujuan dari pembelajaran ini adalah : ............................................................................. 104 2. Uraian Materi............................................................................................................................. 104 3. Refleksi......................................................................................................................................... 120 4. Tugas............................................................................................................................................. 123 5. Test Formatif ............................................................................................................................ 125 C. Penilaian ........................................................................................................................................... 128 1. Sikap .............................................................................................................................................. 128 2. Pengetahuan .............................................................................................................................. 129 3. Keterampilan ............................................................................................................................. 129 iv Kegiatan Pembelajaran 4 : Merawat Alat-Alat Pemanenan Hasil Hutan (32 JP) ......... 138 A. Deskripsi ........................................................................................................................................... 138 B. Kegiatan Belajar ............................................................................................................................. 138 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ............................................................................................................. 138 2. Uraian Materi............................................................................................................................. 138 3. Refleksi......................................................................................................................................... 156 4. Tugas............................................................................................................................................. 159 5. Tes Formatif ............................................................................................................................... 163 C. Penilaian ........................................................................................................................................... 166 1. Sikap .............................................................................................................................................. 166 2. Pengetahuan .............................................................................................................................. 167 3. Keterampilan ............................................................................................................................. 167 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 5 : Mengangkut Hasil Hutan (32 JP) .............................................. 176 A. Deskripsi ........................................................................................................................................... 176 B. Kegiatan Belajar ............................................................................................................................. 176 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ............................................................................................................. 176 2. Uraian Materi............................................................................................................................. 176 3. Refleksi......................................................................................................................................... 215 4. Tugas............................................................................................................................................. 221 5. Tes Formatif ............................................................................................................................... 222 C. Penilaian ........................................................................................................................................... 226 1. Sikap .............................................................................................................................................. 226 2. Pengetahuan .............................................................................................................................. 227 3. Keterampilan ............................................................................................................................. 227 III. PENUTUP ............................................................................................................................................ 236 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................................ 237 v DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Penentuan Arah Rebah Pada Jalan Sarat ................................................................. 13 Gambar 2. Jarak Regu Penebangan .................................................................................................. 14 Gambar 3. Membersihkan Rintangan dan Penentuan Arah Rebah Pohon ....................... 14 Gambar 4. Takik Rebah ......................................................................................................................... 16 Gambar 5. Macam-Macam Tipe Takik rebah ................................................................................ 16 Gambar 6. Takik Rebah Untuk Pohon Berdimeter Besar ........................................................ 18 Gambar 7. Macam-macam bentuk takik rebah yang menyimpang dari ketentuan dan akibat yang ditimbulkan ............................................................................................... 19 Gambar 8. Takik balas ........................................................................................................................... 20 Gambar 9. Macam-Macam Takik Balas Yang Menyimpang Dari Ketentuan Dan Akibatnya .............................................................................................................................. 21 Gambar 10. Menebang Pohon Diameter Kecil ............................................................................. 22 Gambar 11. Menebang Pohon Diameter Besar ........................................................................... 22 Gambar 12. Tunggak Pohon................................................................................................................ 25 Gambar 13. Pembagian Batang Rebah............................................................................................ 29 Gambar 14. Meningkatkan Volume Produksi Kayu Melalui Pemotongan Secara Benar. ................................................................................... 30 Gambar 15. Teknik Penebangan ....................................................................................................... 30 Gambar 16. Pemotongan / Bucking Yang Tepat Pada Titik Di Mana Pohon Mulai Bercabang. ....................................................................................................................... 31 Gambar 17. Pemotongan Batang Yang Tergantung.................................................................. 32 Gambar 18. Pemotongan Batang Melintang Di Atas Parit ..................................................... 33 Gambar 19. Pemotongan Batang Dengan Gergaji Mesin ....................................................... 33 Gambar 20. Pemotongan Batang Berdiameter Besar .............................................................. 34 Gambar 21. Tahapan dan Waktu Kerja dari Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) .................. 49 Gambar 22. Contoh Peta Penataan Zona Areal Hutan .............................................................. 50 Gambar 23. Kegiatan Skiding ............................................................................................................. 57 vi Gambar 24. Pengupasan Kulit Kayu ................................................................................................ 59 Gambar 25. Penampang Penyadapan Getah Pinus Dengan Metode Quare ...................... 68 Gambar 26. Penyadapan Getah Pinus dengan metode Quare ............................................... 69 Gambar 27. Penyadapan Getah Pinus Sistem Bor ...................................................................... 71 Gambar 28. Penyulingan Tradisional .............................................................................................. 77 Gambar 29. Penyulingan Tradisional .............................................................................................. 78 Gambar 30. Penyulingan Modern ..................................................................................................... 79 Gambar 31. Kepala Kapak.................................................................................................................. 106 Gambar 32. Bentuk Keping Tajam .................................................................................................. 107 Gambar 33. Bentuk Sisi Keping ....................................................................................................... 107 Gambar 34. Ukuran Kapak ................................................................................................................ 108 Gambar 35. Bentuk Gigi Sg ................................................................................................................ 110 Gambar 36. Bentuk Gigi Sgd ............................................................................................................. 110 Gambar 37. Bentuk gigi Sgl ............................................................................................................... 110 Gambar 38. Panjang Gergaji Untuk Pohon Diameter Kecil .................................................. 111 Gambar 39. Bentuk Punggung Gergaji ......................................................................................... 111 Gambar 40. Tangkai Gergaji Yang Dapat Dilepas ..................................................................... 112 Gambar 41. Gergaji Busur.................................................................................................................. 113 Gambar 42. Baji ..................................................................................................................................... 114 Gambar 43. Bagian-Bagian Utama Gergaji Rantai .................................................................... 116 Gambar 44. Alat Pengaman ............................................................................................................... 117 Gambar 45. Mengampak Satu Sisi Pohon .................................................................................... 118 Gambar 46. Mengampak Dua Sisi Berlawanan.......................................................................... 118 Gambar 47. Mengampak Sekeliling Pohon ................................................................................. 119 Gambar 48. Perawatan Kapak Sehari-Hari ................................................................................. 140 Gambar 49. Kayu Tarahan Untuk Tangkai Kapak .................................................................... 142 Gambar 50. Cara Pembuatan Tangkai Kapak ............................................................................. 142 Gambar 51. Cara Pemasangan Tangkai Kapak .......................................................................... 143 Gambar 52. Kikir Datar ....................................................................................................................... 144 Gambar 53. Penjepit Atau Tanggem .............................................................................................. 145 vii Gambar 54. Serut Atau Pemasak ..................................................................................................... 145 Gambar 55. Pengukur Sudut Puncak ............................................................................................. 146 Gambar 56. Giwaran / Penggiwar .................................................................................................. 146 Gambar 57. Palu Atau Pemukul ....................................................................................................... 147 Gambar 58. Setting Meter .................................................................................................................. 147 Gambar 59. Sikat Baja ......................................................................................................................... 148 Gambar 60. Batang Pengantar Dan Gigi Atau Roda Penggerak ......................................... 150 Gambar 61. Saringan Udara .............................................................................................................. 151 Gambar 62. Sudu-Sudu Kipas Pendingin ..................................................................................... 152 Gambar 63. Busi Dan Karburator ................................................................................................... 152 Gambar 64. Mengganti Tali Starter ................................................................................................ 154 Gambar 65. Mengganti Tali Starter ................................................................................................ 155 Gambar 66. Penyaradan Mengguling ............................................................................................ 179 Gambar 67. Penyaradan Sistem Kuda-Kuda ............................................................................. 180 Gambar 68. Penyeradan dengan pemikulan .............................................................................. 180 Gambar 69. Penyaradan Dengan Tenaga Hewan ..................................................................... 182 Gambar 70 Penyaradan Sistem Gravitasi ................................................................................... 183 Gambar 71. Prioritas Penyaradan Kayu ...................................................................................... 185 Gambar 72. Pemasangan Pancing .................................................................................................. 185 Gambar 73. Menyarad Kayu Pada Lokasi Datar ........................................................................ 186 Gambar 74. Menarik Kayu Pada Lokasi Menurun .................................................................... 187 Gambar 75. Menarik Kayu Pada Lokasi Naik ............................................................................. 187 Gambar 76. Menarik Kayu Dengan Winch .................................................................................. 188 Gambar 77. Penyaradan Cara Ground Skidding ....................................................................... 189 Gambar 78. Penyaradan Cara Pan Skidding ............................................................................... 189 Gambar 79. Penyaradan Cara Arch / Sulky Skidding ............................................................ 190 Gambar 80. Penyaradan Sistem High Lead ................................................................................. 193 Gambar 81. Penyaradan Sistem Sky Line .................................................................................... 194 Gambar 82. Pengangkutan Kayu Melalui Air ............................................................................. 199 Gambar 83. Pengangkutan Kayu Melalui Darat ........................................................................ 203 viii Gambar 84. Pemuatan Dengan Gaya Berat ................................................................................. 205 Gambar 85. Pemuatan Dengan Tangan ........................................................................................ 206 Gambar 86. Pemuatan Dengan Kabel ............................................................................................ 207 Gambar 87. Pemuatan/Pembongkaran Dengan Bantuan Mesin Yarder......................... 208 Gambar 88. Pemuatan / Pembongkaran Dengan Kerek ........................................................ 208 Gambar 89. Berbagai Tipe Pemuatan/Pembongkaran Dengan Bantuan Tenaga Mesin /Derek ............................................................................................................................... 209 Gambar 90. Pemuatan/Pembongkaran Dengan Wheel Loader .......................................... 210 Gambar 91. Bahan, Peralatan Pembuatan Rakit ....................................................................... 212 Gambar 92. Pembuatan Kandang Rakit ....................................................................................... 214 Next >