i KATA PENGANTAR Prinsip pembelajaran kontekstual (contextual learning) yang diharapkan mampu mengubah gaya belajar siswa dalam memahami setiap ilmu dan materi yang dipelajari di sekolah menjadi salah satu komponen dasar penyusunan bahan ajar bagi guru dan siswa. Disisi lain pembelajaran akselerasi (accelerated learning) berkontribusi dalam menciptakan nuansa dan iklim kegiatan belajar yang kreatif, dinamis serta tak terbatas oleh sekat ruang kelas (learning with no boundaries). Proses pembelajaran tersebut mampu memberi spektrum warna bagi kanvas ilmu pengetahuan yang sejatinya harus menjadi bagian dari proses pengalaman belajar (experiential learning) ilmiah, kritis dan dapat diterapkan (applicable). Buku teks siswa SMK tahun 2013 dirancang untuk dipergunakan siswa sebagai literatur akademis dan pegangan resmi para siswa dalam menempuh setiap mata pelajaran. Hal ini tentu saja telah diselaraskan dengan dinamika Kurikulum Pendidikan Nasional yang telah menjadikan Kurikulum 2013 sebagai sumber acuan resmi terbaru yang diimplementasikan di seluruh sekolah di wilayah Republik Indonesia secara berjenjang dari mulai pendidikan dasar hingga pendidikan menengah. Buku ini disusun agar menghadirkan aspek kontekstual bagi siswa dengan mengutamakan pemecahan masalah sebagai bagian dari pembelajaran dalam rangka memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa agar mampu mengkonstruksi ilmu pengetahuan dan mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu mereka sendiri. Secara bahasa, buku ini menggunakan bahasa yang komunikatif, lugas dan mudah dimengerti. Sehingga, siswa dijamin tidak akan mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami isi buku yang disajikan. Kami menyadari bahwa penyusunan dan penerbitan buku ini tidak akan dapat terlaksana dengan baik tanpa dukungan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Kami ucapkan terima kasih atas dukungan dan bantuan yang diberikan. Semoga buku ini dapat memberi kontribusi positif bagi perkembangan dan kemajuan pendidikan di Indonesia. Jakarta, Desember 2013 Penyusun ii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................................................ i DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................................................. v DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................................................vii PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR ......................................................................................................... viii GLOSARIUM ........................................................................................................................................................ ix I. PENDAHULUAN......................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Deskripsi .............................................................................................................................................. 1 B. Prasyarat .............................................................................................................................................. 6 C. Petunjuk Penggunaan .................................................................................................................... 7 D. Tujuan Akhir ................................................................................................................................... 10 E. Kompetensi Inti Dan Kompetensi Dasar ........................................................................... 12 F. Cek Kemampuan ........................................................................................................................... 13 II. PEMBELAJARAN .................................................................................................................................... 15 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1. Stabilitas kapal dan perhitungan KG, BM dan KM .......... 15 A. Deskripsi ........................................................................................................................................... 15 B. Kegiatan Pembelajaran .............................................................................................................. 15 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ........................................................................................................... 15 2. Uraian Materi ............................................................................................................................. 16 3. Refleksi ......................................................................................................................................... 68 4. Tugas ............................................................................................................................................. 69 5. Tes Formatif ............................................................................................................................... 70 iiiC. Penilaian ........................................................................................................................................... 77 1. Sikap .............................................................................................................................................. 77 2. Pengetahuan .............................................................................................................................. 87 3. Keterampilan ............................................................................................................................. 87 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2. Stabilitas Kapal Saat Bongkar Muat ...................................... 88 A. Deskripsi ........................................................................................................................................... 88 B. Kegiatan Pembelajaran .............................................................................................................. 89 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran............................................................................................................. 89 2. Uraian Materi ............................................................................................................................. 89 3. Refleksi .......................................................................................................................................124 4. Tugas (5M) ................................................................................................................................125 5. Tes Formatif .............................................................................................................................126 C. Penilaian .........................................................................................................................................138 1. Sikap ............................................................................................................................................138 2. Pengetahuan ............................................................................................................................147 3. Keterampilan ...........................................................................................................................148 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 3. Plimsol mark dan permukaan bebas ..................................149 A. Deskripsi .........................................................................................................................................149 B. Kegiatan Pembelajaran ............................................................................................................149 1. Tujuan pembelajaran 3 .......................................................................................................149 2. Uraian materi...........................................................................................................................150 3. Refleksi .......................................................................................................................................162 4. Tugas ...........................................................................................................................................163 iv 5. Tes Formatif .............................................................................................................................164 C. Penilaian .........................................................................................................................................167 1. Sikap ............................................................................................................................................167 2. Pengetahuan ............................................................................................................................176 3. Keterampilan ...........................................................................................................................177 PENUTUP ..........................................................................................................................................................178 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................................................179 v DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Titik-titik penting dalam stabilitas kapal ..................................................................... 21 Gambar 2. Titik berat kapal (COG) ......................................................................................................... 22 Gambar 3. Titik apung kapal (COB) ....................................................................................................... 23 Gambar 4. Titik metasentris kapal (COM) .......................................................................................... 25 Gambar 5. Kedudukan titk G, B, M, sebuah kapal............................................................................ 26 Gambar 6. Stabilitas kapal mantap/positif ........................................................................................ 27 Gambar 7. Stabilitas kapal negatif/goyah ........................................................................................... 28 Gambar 8. Stabilitas netral......................................................................................................................... 29 Gambar 9. Kondisi stabilitas kapal mantap ....................................................................................... 30 Gambar 10. Kapal kondisi langsar/tender ......................................................................................... 31 Gambar 11. Kapal keadaan kaku/stiff .................................................................................................. 33 Gambar 12. Ukuran/formula hubungan titik-titik pada stabilitas kapal ............................ 35 Gambar 13. Koefisien garis air kapal (Cwl)/Cp ............................................................................... 40 Gambar 14. Koefisien midship kapal .................................................................................................... 42 Gambar 15. Koefisien balok kapal .......................................................................................................... 43 Gambar 16. Koefisien prismatik kapal ................................................................................................. 44 Gambar 17. Jari-jari metasentris (Metacentrum radius) ............................................................ 49 Gambar 18. Ton Per Inchi immersion (TPI) ...................................................................................... 55 Gambar 19. Kondisi segitiga stabilitas saat kapal senget ........................................................... 59 Gambar 20. Segitiga stabilitas (gaya apung, gravitasi & lengan penegak) ......................... 60 Gambar 21. Lengan penegak (Righting arm) .................................................................................... 61 Gambar 22. Kurva sudut senget kapal ................................................................................................. 62 Gambar 23. Momen penegak (Mp) ........................................................................................................ 63 Gambar 24. Pergeseran muatan yang dimuat .................................................................................. 90 Gambar 25. Hukum pergeseran muatan yang dibongkar ........................................................... 91 Gambar 26. Pengaruh pergeseran bobot ............................................................................................ 92 Gambar 27. Pengaruh bobot yang menggantung ............................................................................ 92 vi Gambar 28. Pergeseran muatan .............................................................................................................. 93 Gambar 29. Kapal Hogging dan sagging .............................................................................................. 98 Gambar 30. Trim kapal ................................................................................................................................ 99 Gambar 31. Trim by stern .......................................................................................................................... 99 Gambar 32. kapal trim by stern .............................................................................................................100 Gambar 33. Trim kapal ..............................................................................................................................100 Gambar 34. Satu periode olengan ........................................................................................................106 Gambar 35. Lengan penegak (GZ) ........................................................................................................111 Gambar 36. Kedudukan Nilai KM, KG, GM ........................................................................................114 Gambar 37. Samuel Plimsoll (1824-1898 .........................................................................................150 Gambar 38. Plimsol mark .........................................................................................................................152 Gambar 39. Permukaan bebas ...............................................................................................................154 vii DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1. Pembagian Tugas Kelompok: Stabilitas kapal ................................................................ 17 Tabel 2. Sifat, penyebab, kerugian dan cara mengatasi kapal langsar/tender ................. 32 Tabel 3. Sifat, penyebab, kerugian dan cara mengatasi kapal kaku/stiff ............................ 34 Tabel 4. Pembagian Tugas Kelompok: Stabilitas kapal saat bongkar muat ....................... 96 Tabel 5. Percobaan stabilitas kapal .....................................................................................................102 Tabel 6. Table of free surface corrections (feet) ...........................................................................157 Tabel 7. Konversi faktor pengali dengan berat benaman .........................................................158 viii PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR KELAS X KELAS XI KELAS XII SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2 SEMESTER 3 SEMESTER 4 SEMESTER 5 SEMESTER 6 C1 : DASAR BIDANG KEAHLIAN C2 : DASAR PROGRAM KEAHLIAN FISIKA 1 FISIKA 2 FISIKA 3 FISIKA 4 KIMIA 1 KIMIA 2 KIMIA 3 KIMIA 4 BIOLOGI BIOLOGI BIOLOGI BIOLOGI BSKP 1 HMP4L2 (1) BSKP 2 DTPIP2HT 1 DTPIP2HT 2 BIMP 1 BIMP 2 DKL 1 HMP4L2 (2) DKL 2 Next >