i KATA PENGANTAR Kurikulum 2013 dirancang untuk memperkuat kompetensi siswa dari sisi sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan secara utuh. Keutuhan tersebut menjadi dasar dalam perumusan kompetensi dasar tiap mata pelajaran mencakup kompetensi dasar kelompok sikap, kompetensi dasar kelompok pengetahuan, dan kompetensi dasar kelompok keterampilan. Semua mata pelajaran dirancang mengikuti rumusan tersebut. Pembelajaran kelas X dan XI jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Kejuruhan yang disajikan dalam buku ini juga tunduk pada ketentuan tersebut. Buku siswa ini diberisi materi pembelajaran yang membekali peserta didik dengan pengetahuan, keterampilan dalam menyajikan pengetahuan yang dikuasai secara kongkrit dan abstrak, dan sikap sebagai makhluk yang mensyukuri anugerah alam semesta yang dikaruniakan kepadanya melalui pemanfaatan yang bertanggung jawab. Buku ini menjabarkan usaha minimal yang harus dilakukan siswa untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diharuskan. Sesuai dengan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kurikulum 2013, siswa diberanikan untuk mencari dari sumber belajar lain yang tersedia dan terbentang luas di sekitarnya. Peran guru sangat penting untuk meningkatkan dan menyesuaikan daya serp siswa dengan ketersediaan kegiatan buku ini. Guru dapat memperkayanya dengan kreasi dalam bentuk kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang sesuai dan relevan yang bersumber dari lingkungan sosial dan alam. Buku ini sangat terbuka dan terus dilakukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Untuk itu, kami mengundang para pembaca memberikan kritik, saran, dan masukan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Atas kontribusi tersebut, kami ucapkan terima kasih. Mudah-mudahan kita dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi seratus tahun Indonesia Merdeka (2045). ii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................................................................... iv PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR .................................................................................................... viii GLOSARIUM ................................................................................................................................................. ix I. PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Deskripsi ................................................................................................................................................ 1 B. Prasyarat ................................................................................................................................................ 2 C. Petunjuk Penggunaan ....................................................................................................................... 3 D. Tujuan Akhir Pembelajaran ........................................................................................................... 3 E. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar .................................................................................... 4 F. Cek Kemampuan Awal ...................................................................................................................... 5 II. PEMBELAJARAN ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1. Mengoperasikan alat dan mesin produksi pertanian laboratorium, klimatologi, penyimpanan dan prosesing ............................................................ 6 A. Deskripsi ................................................................................................................................................ 6 B. Kegiatan Pembelajaran .................................................................................................................... 6 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ............................................................................................................... 6 2. Uraian Materi ............................................................................................................................... 7 3. Refleksi ......................................................................................................................................160 4. Tugas ..........................................................................................................................................161 5. Tes Formatif ............................................................................................................................162 C. Penilaian ...........................................................................................................................................163 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2. Perawatanalat dan mesin produksi pertanian, laboratorium, klimatologi, penyimpanan dan prosesingsesuaiprosedur. ....................................................165 A. Deskripsi ...........................................................................................................................................165 iii B. Kegiatan Pembelajaran ...............................................................................................................165 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ..........................................................................................................165 2. Uraian Materi ..........................................................................................................................166 3. Refleksi ......................................................................................................................................206 4. Tugas ..........................................................................................................................................207 5. Tes Formatif ............................................................................................................................208 C. Penilaian ...........................................................................................................................................213 III. PENUTUP ............................................................................................................................................215 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................................216 iv DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Pemeriksaan bahan bakar ............................................................................................. 14 Gambar 2. Pemeriksaan oli mesin .................................................................................................... 14 Gambar 3. Memeriksa saringan bahan bakar .............................................................................. 15 Gambar 4. Memeriksa saringan udara ............................................................................................ 16 Gambar 5. Pemeriksaan Tuas Kopling Kemudi ........................................................................... 16 Gambar 6. Kenampakan ban.............................................................................................................. 17 Gambar 7. Tempat pemeriksaan oli transmisi ........................................................................... 17 Gambar 8. Pemeriksaan V-belt .......................................................................................................... 18 Gambar 9. Memeriksa belt kipas radiator (fan belt) ................................................................. 18 Gambar 10. Kran Bahan Bakar .......................................................................................................... 20 Gambar 11. Posisi Tuas Kopling Utama ......................................................................................... 20 Gambar 12. Engkol starter mesin ..................................................................................................... 21 Gambar 13. Indikator oil ...................................................................................................................... 21 Gambar 14. Arah tuas gas pada posisi stop .................................................................................. 22 Gambar 15. Menjalankan Traktor dija ............................................................................................ 23 Gambar 16. Menjalankan traktor di lahan .................................................................................... 24 Gambar 17. Panel Traktor Tangan ................................................................................................... 27 Gambar 18. Posisi Traktor pada Jalan Menanjak ....................................................................... 28 Gambar 19. Traktor Roda Empat Satu Gardan ........................................................................... 31 Gambar 20. Traktor Rantai (crawler).................................................................................................. 32 Gambar 21. Selang Penduga Bahan Bakar .................................................................................... 33 Gambar 22. Pemeriksaan Oli Mesin ................................................................................................ 34 Gambar 23. Pemeriksaan Air Radiator ............................................................................................. 34 Gambar 24. Saringan Udara Tipe Kering ....................................................................................... 35 Gambar 25. Lubang Pemasukan Oli padaBox Transmisi ......................................................... 36 Gambar 26. Pemeriksaan air accu .................................................................................................... 36 Gambar 27. Posisi Naik Traktor (dari sebelah kiri traktor) ............................................................. 39 v Gambar 28. Posisi traktor pada waktu berbelok maju dengan trailer ............................... 42 Gambar 29. Posisi traktor pada waktu berbelok maju tanpa trailer .................................. 44 Gambar 30. Posisi traktor berbelok mundur dengan trailer ................................................. 45 Gambar 31. Traktor Pada Saat Menanjak ...................................................................................... 46 Gambar 32. Posisi ganjal ban ............................................................................................................. 47 Gambar 33. Pengolahan tanah dengan bajak singkal ............................................................... 51 Gambar 34. Bottom plow 4 singkal (bajak singkal 2 arah) .................................................... 52 Gambar 35. Bajak Singkal Rolling Coulter..................................................................................... 53 Gambar 36. Hasil Pembajakan dengan Menggunakan Bajak Singkal ................................. 54 Gambar 37. Bagian-bagian disc plow (bajak piringan) ............................................................ 55 Gambar 38. Hasil Pembajakan dengan Menggunakan Bajak Piring (Disc Plow) ............ 55 Gambar 39. Bajak piringan (disc plow) ........................................................................................... 55 Gambar 40. Bajak rotary tipe vertikal ............................................................................................ 57 Gambar 41. Bajak Rotari Tipe Tarik Berpenggerak PTO ......................................................... 58 Gambar 42. Bajak Rotary Tipe Kebun Berpenggerak Sendiri ............................................... 58 Gambar 43. Garu piring aksi tunggal ............................................................................................... 60 Gambar 44. Garu piring aksi ganda.................................................................................................. 60 Gambar 45. Garu paku .......................................................................................................................... 62 Gambar 46. Garu pegas ......................................................................................................................... 62 Gambar 47. Garu Rotari Cangkul (Rotary Hoe Harrow) ........................................................... 63 Gambar 48. Garu Rotari Silang (Rotary Cross Harrow) ........................................................... 63 Gambar 49. Proses pengolahan tanah dengan bajak rotari ................................................... 64 Gambar 50. Pola Tengah ...................................................................................................................... 69 Gambar 51. Alur balik hasil pengolahan ........................................................................................ 69 Gambar 52. AlurPada Tepi Lahan ..................................................................................................... 70 Gambar 53. Pola Tepi ............................................................................................................................ 70 Gambar 54. Alur Mati ............................................................................................................................ 71 Gambar 55. Pola Keliling Tengah ...................................................................................................... 72 Gambar 56. Pola keliling tepi ............................................................................................................. 72 Gambar 57. Pola bolak balik rapat ................................................................................................... 73 vi Gambar 58. Alat tanam sistem baris lebar .................................................................................... 76 Gambar 59. Alat tanam biji-bijian .................................................................................................... 77 Gambar 60. Kultivator 2 baris ............................................................................................................ 81 Gambar 61. Alat penyebar rabuk (pupuk kandang) ................................................................. 83 Gambar 62. Pemberian pupuk cair pada permukaan tanah .................................................. 85 Gambar 63. Mesin Reaper 5 row....................................................................................................... 89 Gambar 64. Mesin Reaper 4 row....................................................................................................... 90 Gambar 65. Mesin Reaper penggerak (mesin) sendiri ............................................................. 91 Gambar 66. Mesin Binder 4 row ....................................................................................................... 93 Gambar 67. Mesin Combine ................................................................................................................ 94 Gambar 68. Pedal Trhesher ................................................................................................................ 96 Gambar 69. Salah Satu Model Power Thresher ........................................................................... 97 Gambar 70. Lantai jemur gabah ........................................................................................................ 98 Gambar 71. Alat Pengering buatan tipe Flat Bed Dryer ........................................................... 99 Gambar 72. Alat Pengering buatan tipeContinuous Flow Dryer ............................................ 99 Gambar 73. Alat pengambilan contoh bijian "grain probe" .................................................100 Gambar 74. Salah satu tempat penyimpanan hasil panen ....................................................103 Gambar 75. Oven listrik ......................................................................................................................108 Gambar 76. Neraca analitik ...............................................................................................................111 Gambar 77. Mikroskop cahaya ........................................................................................................113 Gambar 78. Inkubator Laboratorium............................................................................................117 Gambar 79. Laminar Air Flow ..........................................................................................................118 Gambar 80. Labu Erlenmeyer ..........................................................................................................122 Gambar 81. Autoklaf ............................................................................................................................124 Gambar 82. Cawan petri (petri dish) ............................................................................................127 Gambar 83. Gelas ukur ........................................................................................................................129 Gambar 84. Alat ukur kecepatan angin (Anemometer) .........................................................133 Gambar 85. Alat ukur lama penyinaran surya (Campbell stokes) .....................................135 Gambar 86. Psychrometer Standard .............................................................................................139 Gambar 87. Thermometer maksimum .........................................................................................140 vii Gambar 88. Thermometer minimum ............................................................................................141 Gambar 89. Thermometer apung ...................................................................................................143 Gambar 90. Actinograph ....................................................................................................................146 Gambar 91. Barometer Jenis Anaroid ...........................................................................................148 Gambar 92. Pengukuran Tunggal ...................................................................................................149 Gambar 93. Pengukuran Simultan .................................................................................................151 Gambar 94. Penakar Hujan Jenis Hellman ..................................................................................153 Gambar 95. Evaporimeter Panci Terbuka ...................................................................................158 Gambar 96. Penyetelan tuas kopling utama ...............................................................................168 Gambar 97. Penyetelan rem .............................................................................................................168 Gambar 98. Penyetelan tuas kopling kemudi ............................................................................169 Gambar 99. Tuas regulator motor penggerak dan tuas gas .................................................170 Gambar 100. Penyetelan ketegangan belt radiator .................................................................171 Gambar 101. Penyetelan stang kemudi........................................................................................172 Gambar 102. Penyetelan stang pembantu ..................................................................................172 Gambar 103. Penambahan pelumas saringan udara ..............................................................174 viiiPETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR AGRIBISNIS TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN AGRIBISNIS PERBENIHAN DAN KULTUR JARINGAN TANAMAN AGRIBISNIS TANAMAN PANGAN DAN HORTIKULTURA AGRIBISNIS TANAMAN SIMULASI DIGITAL DASAR-DASAR BUDIDAYA ALAT MESIN PERTANIAN PEMBIAKAN TANAMAN PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN Next >