1 i KATA PENGANTAR Kurikulum 2013 dirancang untuk memperkuat kompetensi siswa dari sisi sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan secara utuh. Keutuhan tersebut menjadi dasar dalam perumusan kompetensi dasar tiap mata pelajaran mencakup kompetensi dasar kelompok sikap, kompetensi dasar kelompok pengetahuan, dan kompetensi dasar kelompok keterampilan. Semua mata pelajaran dirancang mengikuti rumusan tersebut. Pembelajaran kelas X dan XI jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Kejuruhan yang disajikan dalam buku ini juga tunduk pada ketentuan tersebut. Buku siswa ini diberisi materi pembelajaran yang membekali peserta didik dengan pengetahuan, keterampilan dalam menyajikan pengetahuan yang dikuasai secara kongkrit dan abstrak, dan sikap sebagai makhluk yang mensyukuri anugerah alam semesta yang dikaruniakan kepadanya melalui pemanfaatan yang bertanggung jawab. Buku ini menjabarkan usaha minimal yang harus dilakukan siswa untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diharuskan. Sesuai dengan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kurikulum 2013, siswa diberanikan untuk mencari dari sumber belajar lain yang tersedia dan terbentang luas di sekitarnya. Peran guru sangat penting untuk meningkatkan dan menyesuaikan daya serp siswa dengan ketersediaan kegiatan buku ini. Guru dapat memperkayanya dengan kreasi dalam bentuk kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang sesuai dan relevan yang bersumber dari lingkungan sosial dan alam. Buku ini sangat terbuka dan terus dilakukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Untuk itu, kami mengundang para pembaca memberikan kritik, saran, dan masukan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Atas kontribusi tersebut, kami ucapkan terima kasih. Mudah-mudahan kita dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi seratus tahun Indonesia Merdeka (2045). ii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................................................ i DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR GAMBAR ...........................................................................................................................................vii DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................................................................. x PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR ............................................................................................................ xi GLOSARIUM ....................................................................................................................................................... xii I. PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................................................................. 1 A. Deskripsi ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Pengertian ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Rasional ................................................................................................................................................ 1 3. Tujuan ................................................................................................................................................... 2 4. Ruang Lingkup Materi ................................................................................................................... 3 5. Prinsip-prinsip Belajar, Pembelajaran, dan Asesmen .................................................... 3 B. Prasyarat....................................................................................................................................................... 4 C. Petunjuk Penggunaan ............................................................................................................................. 4 D. Tujuan Akhir ............................................................................................................................................... 6 E. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar ........................................................................................ 6 F. Cek Kemampuan Awal ........................................................................................................................... 8 II. PEMBELAJARAN ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1. Menerapkan penangkapan ikan dengan berbagai alat tangkap. .................................................................................................................................................................. 9 A. Deskripsi ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 B. Kegiatan Belajar ........................................................................................................................................ 9 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ..................................................................................................................... 9 2. Uraian Materi .................................................................................................................................. 10 3. Tugas ................................................................................................................................................... 18 iii4. Refleksi .............................................................................................................................................. 19 5. Tes Formatif .................................................................................................................................... 20 C. Penilaian .................................................................................................................................................... 20 1. Sikap .................................................................................................................................................... 20 2. Pengetahuan.................................................................................................................................... 28 3. Keterampilan .................................................................................................................................. 28 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2. Pengoperasian jaring purse seine .................................................... 29 A. Deskripsi .................................................................................................................................................... 29 B. Kegiatan Belajar ..................................................................................................................................... 30 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran .................................................................................................................. 30 2. Uraian Materi .................................................................................................................................. 30 3. Refleksi .............................................................................................................................................. 64 4. Tugas ................................................................................................................................................... 65 5. Tes Formatif .................................................................................................................................... 65 C. Penilaian .................................................................................................................................................... 66 1. Sikap .................................................................................................................................................... 66 2. Pengetahuan.................................................................................................................................... 73 3. Keterampilan .................................................................................................................................. 74 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 3. Pengoperasian jaring pukat (seine nets) ..................................... 75 A. Deskripsi .................................................................................................................................................... 75 B. Kegiatan Belajar ..................................................................................................................................... 75 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran .................................................................................................................. 75 2. Uraian Materi .................................................................................................................................. 75 3. Refleksi .............................................................................................................................................. 87 4. Tugas ................................................................................................................................................... 88 5. Tes Formatif .................................................................................................................................... 89 C. Penilaian .................................................................................................................................................... 90 1. Sikap .................................................................................................................................................... 90 2. Pengetahuan.................................................................................................................................... 97 3. Keterampilan .................................................................................................................................. 98 iv Kegiatan Pembelajaran 4. Pengoperasian jaring GillNet ............................................................. 99 A. Deskripsi .................................................................................................................................................... 99 B. Kegiatan Belajar ..................................................................................................................................... 99 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran .................................................................................................................. 99 2. Uraian Materi .................................................................................................................................. 99 3. Refleksi ............................................................................................................................................125 4. Tugas .................................................................................................................................................127 5. Tes Formatif ..................................................................................................................................128 C. Penilaian ..................................................................................................................................................129 1. Sikap ..................................................................................................................................................129 2. Pengetahuan..................................................................................................................................137 3. Keterampilan ................................................................................................................................137 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 5. Pengoperasian Trap/Perangkap ...................................................141 A. Deskripsi ..................................................................................................................................................141 B. Kegiatan Belajar ...................................................................................................................................141 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................................................................................................141 2. Uraian Materi ................................................................................................................................141 3. Refleksi ............................................................................................................................................150 4. Tugas .................................................................................................................................................151 5. Tes Formatif ..................................................................................................................................151 C. Penilaian ..................................................................................................................................................152 1. Sikap ..................................................................................................................................................152 2. Pengetahuan..................................................................................................................................159 3. Keterampilan ................................................................................................................................160 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 6. Pengoperasian alat tangkap trawl ................................................161 A. Deskripsi ..................................................................................................................................................161 B. Kegiatan Belajar ...................................................................................................................................161 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................................................................................................161 2. Uraian Materi ................................................................................................................................161 3. Refleksi ............................................................................................................................................195 v 4. Tugas .................................................................................................................................................196 5. Tes Formatif ..................................................................................................................................198 C. Penilaian ..................................................................................................................................................199 1. Sikap ..................................................................................................................................................199 2. Pengetahuan..................................................................................................................................206 3. Keterampilan ................................................................................................................................208 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 7. Pengoperasian pancing (line) .........................................................210 A. Deskripsi ..................................................................................................................................................210 1. Pengertian ......................................................................................................................................210 2. Rasional ...........................................................................................................................................210 B. Kegiatan Belajar ...................................................................................................................................211 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................................................................................................211 2. Uraian Materi ................................................................................................................................211 3. Refleksi ............................................................................................................................................239 4. Tugas .................................................................................................................................................240 Keselamatan Kerja .......................................................................................................................................244 Keselamatan Kerja .......................................................................................................................................247 5. Tes Formatif ..................................................................................................................................247 C. Penilaian ..................................................................................................................................................248 1. Sikap ..................................................................................................................................................248 2. Pengetahuan..................................................................................................................................255 3. Keterampilan ................................................................................................................................257 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 8 : Menerapkan penentuan daerah penangkapan ikan ..........259 A. Deskripsi ..................................................................................................................................................259 B. Kegiatan Belajar ...................................................................................................................................259 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................................................................................................259 2. Uraian Materi ................................................................................................................................260 3. Refleksi ............................................................................................................................................280 4. Tugas .................................................................................................................................................281 5. Tes Formatif ..................................................................................................................................281 vi C. Penilaian ..................................................................................................................................................282 1. Sikap ..................................................................................................................................................282 2. Pengetahuan..................................................................................................................................290 3. Keterampilan ................................................................................................................................290 III. PENUTUP ...................................................................................................................................................291 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................................................292 viiDAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Sumber daya dan eksploitasi ............................................................................................ 17 Gambar 2. Secara umum desain jaring lingkar (a) dan jaring lingkar Kendari ............... 33 Gambar 3. Lampu besar pada purse seine ........................................................................................ 40 Gambar 4. Rumpon ....................................................................................................................................... 42 Gambar 5. Penangkapan tuna dengan purse seine untuk digemukan. ............................. 48 Gambar 6. Pukat cincin (Purse seine). ............................................................................................... 49 Gambar 7. Setting pukat cincin (purse seine). ............................................................................... 50 Gambar 8. Posisi awak kapal ................................................................................................................... 51 Gambar 9. Posisi yang diharapkan antara arah arus, kapal dan jaring; arus mendorong badan jaring menjauhi kapal ........................................................................................... 52 Gambar 10. Penentuan titik awal penurunan jaring terhadap arah arus dan angin: ... 53 Gambar 11. Keadaan gerombolan ikan pada saat setting purse seine ................................ 54 Gambar 12. Titik awal pelingkaran terhadap arah renang ikan ............................................. 57 Gambar 13. Titik awal pelingkaran terhadap matahari ............................................................. 57 Gambar 14. Keadaan ikan-ikan pada saat sudah terkurung purse seine ........................... 59 Gambar 15. Posisi para petugas ............................................................................................................. 60 Gambar 16. Posisi purse seine setelah purse line ditarik .......................................................... 60 Gambar 17. Proses hauling alat tangkap purse seine .................................................................. 62 Gambar 18. Pengoperasian krakad (beach seine) .......................................................................... 76 Gambar 19. Pengoperasian payang ...................................................................................................... 82 Gambar 20. Hauling payang ..................................................................................................................... 84 Gambar 21. Pengangkatan badan jaring payang ............................................................................ 84 Gambar 22. Ikan-ikan yang tertangkap gillnet..............................................................................101 Gambar 23. Surface gillnet atau floating gillnet (gillnet permukaan) ................................103 Gambar 24. Mid water gillnet ( gillnet pertengahan ) ................................................................103 Gambar 25. Bottom gillnet ......................................................................................................................104 Gambar 26. Trammel net .........................................................................................................................105 viiiGambar 27. Surface gillnet ......................................................................................................................107 Gambar 28. Bottom gillnet ( gillnet dasar ) .....................................................................................108 Gambar 29. Drift gillnet ............................................................................................................................109 Gambar 30. Fixed ( set ) gillnet ..............................................................................................................110 Gambar 31. Encereling / surrounding gillnet ( gillnet lingkar ) ............................................112 Gambar 32. Posisi jaring, ikan, dan arus. .........................................................................................119 Gambar 33. Alat tangkap Bubu .............................................................................................................142 Gambar 34. Bubu dasar ............................................................................................................................144 Gambar 35. Bubu hanyut .........................................................................................................................147 Gambar 36. Sero ...........................................................................................................................................148 Gambar 37. Jermal ......................................................................................................................................149 Gambar 38. Surface trawl ........................................................................................................................162 Gambar 39. Mid water trawl ..................................................................................................................162 Gambar 40. Bottom trawl ........................................................................................................................163 Gambar 41. Jenis kapal trawl .................................................................................................................165 Gambar 42. Bagian-bagian Trawl ........................................................................................................168 Gambar 43. Alat Pemsah Ikan (API) ...................................................................................................176 Gambar 44. Bagian-bagian Trawl ........................................................................................................177 Gambar 45. Otter board ...........................................................................................................................178 Gambar 46. Winch .......................................................................................................................................179 Gambar 47. Pangsi Try net ......................................................................................................................179 Gambar 48. Pemegang Winch ...............................................................................................................184 Gambar 49. Mengikat kantong Trawl ................................................................................................185 Gambar 50. Penurunan Otter board ...................................................................................................186 Gambar 51. Penurunan Pelampung tanda ......................................................................................186 Gambar 52. Penurunan sayap jaring ..................................................................................................187 Gambar 53. Penurunan badan jaring .................................................................................................187 Gambar 54. Penurunan Kantong ..........................................................................................................188 Gambar 55. Penarikan jaring Trawl ..................................................................................................190 Gambar 56. Pengangkatan jaring trawl ............................................................................................191 Next >