i i KATA PENGANTAR Kurikulum 2013 dirancang untuk memperkuat kompetensi siswa dari sisi sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan secara utuh. Keutuhan tersebut menjadi dasar dalam perumusan kompetensi dasar tiap mata pelajaran mencakup kompetensi dasar kelompok sikap, kompetensi dasar kelompok pengetahuan, dan kompetensi dasar kelompok keterampilan. Semua mata pelajaran dirancang mengikuti rumusan tersebut. Pembelajaran kelas X dan XI jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Kejuruhan yang disajikan dalam buku ini juga tunduk pada ketentuan tersebut. Buku siswa ini diberisi materi pembelajaran yang membekali peserta didik dengan pengetahuan, keterapilan dalam menyajikan pengetahuan yang dikuasai secara kongkrit dan abstrak, dan sikap sebagai makhluk yang mensyukuri anugerah alam semesta yang dikaruniakan kepadanya melalui pemanfaatan yang bertanggung jawab. Buku ini menjabarkan usaha minimal yang harus dilakukan siswa untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diharuskan. Sesuai dengan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kurikulum 2013, siswa diberanikan untuk mencari dari sumber belajar lain yang tersedia dan terbentang luas di sekitarnya. Peran guru sangat penting untuk meningkatkan dan menyesuaikan daya serp siswa dengan ketersediaan kegiatan buku ini. Guru dapat memperkayanya dengan kreasi dalam bentuk kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang sesuai dan relevan yang bersumber dari lingkungan sosial dan alam. Buku ini sangat terbuka dan terus dilakukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Untuk itu, kami mengundang para pembaca memberikan kritik, saran, dan masukan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Atas kontribusi tersebut, kami ucapkan terima kasih. Mudah-mudahan kita dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi seratus tahun Indonesia Merdeka (2045) ii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................................................................... v DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................................................ vii PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR .................................................................................................... viii GLOSARIUM ................................................................................................................................................. ix I. PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Deskripsi........................................................................................................................................ 1 B. Prasyarat ....................................................................................................................................... 2 C. Petunjuk Penggunaan .............................................................................................................. 2 D. Tujuan Akhir ................................................................................................................................ 3 E. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar ........................................................................... 4 F. Cek Kemampuan Awal ............................................................................................................. 6 II. PEMBELAJARAN ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1. Pembiakan Tanaman Secara Vegetatif .................................. 7 A. Diskripsi......................................................................................................................................... 7 B. Kegiatan Belajar ......................................................................................................................... 7 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran .......................................................................................................... 7 2. Uraian Materi ....................................................................................................................... 11 3. Refleksi ................................................................................................................................... 46 4. Tugas ....................................................................................................................................... 47 iii 5. Tes Formatif ......................................................................................................................... 48 C. Penilaian ..................................................................................................................................... 48 1. Sikap ........................................................................................................................................ 48 2. Pengetahuan ........................................................................................................................ 49 3. Ketrampilan.......................................................................................................................... 50 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2. Teknik Pembiakan Tanaman Secara Moderen (Kultur Jaringan) ............................................................................................................................................. 59 A. Deskripsi..................................................................................................................................... 59 B. Kegiatan Belajar ...................................................................................................................... 59 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ....................................................................................................... 59 2. Uraian Materi ....................................................................................................................... 64 3. Refleksi ................................................................................................................................... 93 4. Tugas ....................................................................................................................................... 94 5. Tes Formatif ......................................................................................................................... 95 C. Penilaian ..................................................................................................................................... 96 1. Sikap ........................................................................................................................................ 96 2. Pengetahuan ........................................................................................................................ 97 3. Ketrampilan.......................................................................................................................... 98 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 3. Pemeliharaan Bibit Hasil Pembiakan Tanaman Secara Vegetatif ............................................................................................................................................107 A. Diskripsi....................................................................................................................................107 B. Kegiatan Belajar ....................................................................................................................108 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran .....................................................................................................108 iv2. Uraian Materi .....................................................................................................................110 3. Refleksi .................................................................................................................................116 4. Tugas .....................................................................................................................................117 5. Tes Formatif .......................................................................................................................117 C. Penilaian ...................................................................................................................................118 1. Sikap ......................................................................................................................................118 2. Pengetahuan ......................................................................................................................119 3. Ketrampilan........................................................................................................................120 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 4. Menganalisis Usaha Hasil Pembiakan Tanaman Secara Vegetatif ............................................................................................................................................129 A. Deskripsi...................................................................................................................................129 B. Kegiatan Belajar ....................................................................................................................130 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran .....................................................................................................130 2. Uraian Materi .....................................................................................................................130 3. Refleksi .................................................................................................................................143 4. Tugas .....................................................................................................................................144 5. Tes Formatif .......................................................................................................................144 C. Penilaian ...................................................................................................................................147 1. Sikap ......................................................................................................................................147 2. Pengetahuan ......................................................................................................................148 3. Ketrampilan........................................................................................................................149 III. PENUTUP ............................................................................................................................................158 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................................159 vDAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Beberapa Tanaman Berkembang biak secara vegetatif ....................................... 8 Gambar 2. Tanaman Cocor bebek tumbuh Tunas ......................................................................... 9 Gambar 3. Metode Inquiri ................................................................................................................... 10 Gambar 4. Tanaman Cocor bebek ..................................................................................................... 11 Gambar 5. Umbi Bawang Merah ....................................................................................................... 12 Gambar 6. Umbi Kentang ..................................................................................................................... 13 Gambar 7. Umbi Wortel ........................................................................................................................ 13 Gambar 8. Tanaman Stroberi ............................................................................................................. 14 Gambar 9. Tumbuhan Paku dan Lumut ......................................................................................... 15 Gambar 10. Tanaman Lengkuas ........................................................................................................ 15 Gambar 11. Pembiakan dengan cara mencangkok .................................................................... 24 Gambar 12. Pembiakan tanaman melalui stek ............................................................................ 26 Gambar 13. Stek daun ........................................................................................................................... 30 Gambar 14. Stek batang ........................................................................................................................ 31 Gambar 15. Pembiakan dengan cara menyambung .................................................................. 33 Gambar 16. Sambung Pucuk ............................................................................................................... 37 Gambar 17. Pembiakan secara merunduk .................................................................................... 40 Gambar 18. Okulasi ................................................................................................................................ 43 Gambar 19. Pembiakan secara moderen dan konvensional .................................................. 60 Gambar 20. Pembiakan anggrek secara moderen/ Kultur jaringan ................................... 62 Gambar 21. Tanaman anggrek hasil aklimatisasi....................................................................... 63 Gambar 22. Tahapan Kultur Jaringan pada Wortel ................................................................... 67 Gambar 23. Ruang Laboratorium sederhana ............................................................................... 67 Gambar 24. Alat-alat gelas dan diseting set ................................................................................. 70 Gambar 25. Pembuatan MediaTanam Kultur Jaringan ............................................................ 74 Gambar 26. Pemadat agar-agar ......................................................................................................... 79 viGambar 27. pH Indikator dan pH meter ........................................................................................ 80 Gambar 28. Media tanam yang sudah disterilkan ...................................................................... 80 Gambar 29. Eksplan ............................................................................................................................... 81 Gambar 30. Eksplan yang sudah disterilkan ................................................................................ 85 Gambar 31. Eksplan steril ditanam dimedia kultur .................................................................. 85 Gambar 32. Tahapan Sub kultur eksplan ..................................................................................... 88 Gambar 33. Eksplan yang sudah waktunya dipindahkan/ sub kultur ............................... 90 Gambar 34. Eksplan yang sudah dipindahkan kemedia baru ............................................... 90 Gambar 35. Tahapan Aklimatisasi ................................................................................................... 92 Gambar 36. Net House Aklimatisasi ................................................................................................ 93 Gambar 37. Bibit Tanaman ...............................................................................................................108 Gambar 38. Penyiraman diareal pembibitan .............................................................................112 viiDAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1. Konsentrasi Bahan-bahan Kimia pada Media MS (1962) dan Unsur Nutrisi Yang terkandung di dalamnya ........................................................................................ 72 Tabel 2. Hormon Auksin....................................................................................................................... 75 Tabel 3. Hormon Sitokinin .................................................................................................................. 76 Tabel 4. Hormon Gibberelin ............................................................................................................... 77 Tabel 5. Macam-macam bahan untuk sterilisasi dan fungsinya ........................................... 83 Tabel 6. Perkiraan Permintaan Buah-buahan di Indonesia Sampai Tahun 2015........131 Tabel 7. Kebutuhan Biaya Investasi Usaha Pembibitan Tanaman ....................................135 Tabel 8. Kebutuhan Biaya Operasional ........................................................................................136 Tabel 9. Analisis Usaha Pembiakan Durian Okulasi Sebanyak 10.000 Tanaman .......141 viiiPETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR Dasar Progam Keahlian Dasar-dasar Budidaya Tanaman Alat Mesin Pertanian Pembiakan Tanaman Penyuluhan Pertanian Simulasi Digital Pembiakan Tanaman Secara Generatif Pembiakan Tanaman Secara Vegetatif Kelas X SM 2 Next >