i i KATA PENGANTAR Kurikulum 2013 dirancang untuk memperkuat kompetensi siswa dari sisi sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan secara utuh. Keutuhan tersebut menjadi dasar dalam perumusan kompetensi dasar tiap mata pelajaran mencakup kompetensi dasar kelompok sikap, kompetensi dasar kelompok pengetahuan, dan kompetensi dasar kelompok keterampilan. Semua mata pelajaran dirancang mengikuti rumusan tersebut. Pembelajaran kelas X dan XI jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Kejuruhan yang disajikan dalam buku ini juga tunduk pada ketentuan tersebut. Buku siswa ini diberisi materi pembelajaran yang membekali peserta didik dengan pengetahuan, keterapilan dalam menyajikan pengetahuan yang dikuasai secara kongkrit dan abstrak, dan sikap sebagai makhluk yang mensyukuri anugerah alam semesta yang dikaruniakan kepadanya melalui pemanfaatan yang bertanggung jawab. Buku ini menjabarkan usaha minimal yang harus dilakukan siswa untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diharuskan. Sesuai dengan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kurikulum 2013, siswa diberanikan untuk mencari dari sumber belajar lain yang tersedia dan terbentang luas di sekitarnya. Peran guru sangat penting untuk meningkatkan dan menyesuaikan daya serp siswa dengan ketersediaan kegiatan buku ini. Guru dapat memperkayanya dengan kreasi dalam bentuk kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang sesuai dan relevan yang bersumber dari lingkungan sosial dan alam. Buku ini sangat terbuka dan terus dilakukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Untuk itu, kami mengundang para pembaca memberikan kritik, saran, dan masukan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Atas kontribusi tersebut, kami ucapkan terima kasih. Mudah-mudahan kita dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi seratus tahun Indonesia Merdeka (2045) ii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................................................................... iv PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR ...................................................................................................... viii GLOSARIUM ....................................................................................................................................................... ix I. PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Deskripsi .............................................................................................................................................. 2 B. Prasyarat .............................................................................................................................................. 7 C. Petunjuk Penggunaan .................................................................................................................... 7 D. Tujuan Akhir ...................................................................................................................................... 9 E. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar ............................................................................ 10 F. Cek Kemampuan Awal ............................................................................................................... 13 II. PEMBELAJARAN ................................................................................................................................... 14 Kegiatan Belajar 3. Menerapkan Prinsip Dasar Elektronika ............................... 15 A. Deskripsi ........................................................................................................................................... 15 B. Kegiatan Belajar ............................................................................................................................ 17 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran 3 ........................................................................................................ 17 2. Uraian Materi ............................................................................................................................ 18 3. Refleksi ......................................................................................................................................... 72 4. Tugas ............................................................................................................................................. 74 iii5. Tes Formatif ............................................................................................................................... 74 6. Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut ....................................................................................... 75 C. Penilaian ........................................................................................................................................... 76 1. Sikap .............................................................................................................................................. 76 2. Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan ....................................................................................... 88 Kegiatan Belajar 4. Menerapkan penggunaan alat navigasi konvensional dan alat navigasi elektronik diatas kapal ..................................................................................... 90 A. Deskripsi ........................................................................................................................................... 90 B. Kegiatan Belajar ............................................................................................................................ 91 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran............................................................................................................. 91 2. Uraian Materi ............................................................................................................................. 93 3. Refleksi .......................................................................................................................................199 4. Tugas ...........................................................................................................................................200 5. Tes Formatif .............................................................................................................................201 6. Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut .....................................................................................201 C. Penilaian .........................................................................................................................................202 1. Sikap ............................................................................................................................................202 2. Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan .....................................................................................213 III. PENUTUP ................................................................................................................................................214 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................................................................215 iv DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Atom Hidrogen ........................................................................................................................ 18 Gambar 2. Atom Uranium.......................................................................................................................... 19 Gambar 3. Atom Tembaga ......................................................................................................................... 19 Gambar 4. Muatan yang sama tolak menolak .................................................................................. 20 Gambar 5. Muatan Berbeda Tarik Menarik ..................................................................................... 21 Gambar 6. Besi magnet berbentuk tapak kuda dengan sebagian garis gayanya........... 22 Gambar 7. Kutub Sejenis (kiri) dan kutub tidak Sejenis (kanan)........................................... 23 Gambar 8. Bentuk medan magnet di sekeliling penghantar .................................................... 23 Gambar 9. Induksi Magnet ........................................................................................................................ 24 Gambar 10. Memakai inti besi untuk memperkuat medan magnet ..................................... 25 Gambar 11. Penghantar dalam beberapa gulungan akan memperkuat medan magnet. ................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Gambar 12. Induksi sendiri ...................................................................................................................... 28 Gambar 13. Induksi Mutual ...................................................................................................................... 28 Gambar 14. Berbagai Macam Bentuk Hambatan ........................................................................... 29 Gambar 15. kode warna resistor ........................................................................................................... 33 Gambar 16. Resistor Tetap ....................................................................................................................... 34 Gambar 17. simbol resistor trimport ................................................................................................... 34 Gambar 18. simbol resistor potensiometer ...................................................................................... 35 Gambar 19. Resistor Seri atau Deret .................................................................................................... 35 Gambar 20. Lambang Kapasitor Mempunyai Kutub Negatif dan Positif Pada Skema Elektronika ........................................................................................................................................................ 37 Gambar 21. Prinsip dasar Kapasitor..................................................................................................... 37 Gambar 22. Dielektrikum .......................................................................................................................... 39 Gambar 23. Elemen Elektro Kimia ........................................................................................................ 41 Gambar 24. Ion ion Elektron .................................................................................................................... 41 v Gambar 25. Komponen Semi Konduktor ........................................................................................... 42 Gambar 26. Elektron bebas ...................................................................................................................... 44 Gambar 27. Cara Pemasangan Dioda ................................................................................................... 46 Gambar 28. LED.............................................................................................................................................. 46 Gambar 29. Simbol Dioda Foto ............................................................................................................... 47 Gambar 30. Simbol Dioda Zaner ............................................................................................................. 48 Gambar 31. SCR .............................................................................................................................................. 49 Gambar 32. Symbol SCR ............................................................................................................................. 50 Gambar 33. Diagram Skema SCR............................................................................................................ 50 Gambar 34. Simbol TRIAC ......................................................................................................................... 51 Gambar 35. Kontruksi Simbol TRIAC ................................................................................................... 51 Gambar 36. Transistor ................................................................................................................................ 52 Gambar 37. Trafo ........................................................................................................................................... 53 Gambar 38. Macam-macam Saklar ........................................................................................................ 53 Gambar 39. Kumparan ................................................................................................................................ 54 Gambar 40. Reley 6 Volt ............................................................................................................................. 55 Gambar 41. Bagian Microphone ............................................................................................................. 55 Gambar 42. Bagian Kabel ........................................................................................................................... 56 Gambar 43. Berbagai Macam Bentuk IC ............................................................................................. 57 Gambar 44. Jalannya Impuls .................................................................................................................... 60 Gambar 45. Tampilan Sonar .................................................................................................................... 64 Gambar 46. Busur Derajat ......................................................................................................................... 93 Gambar 47. Mistar Segitiga ....................................................................................................................... 93 Gambar 48. Jangka Semat .......................................................................................................................... 93 Gambar 49. Mistar jajar ............................................................................................................................. 94 Gambar 50. Batu Duga ................................................................................................................................ 95 Gambar 51. Cara menghitung hasil peruman ................................................................................... 96 Gambar 52. Sirip topdal .............................................................................................................................. 99 Gambar 53. Topdal Tunda pemberat ................................................................................................... 99 Gambar 54. Lonceng Topdal .................................................................................................................... 99 vi Gambar 55. Aria Topdal ............................................................................................................................. 99 Gambar 56. Kipas .......................................................................................................................................100 Gambar 57. Rekorder Jarak ....................................................................................................................101 Gambar 58SwitchBox ................................................................................................................................102 Gambar 59. Kompas magnit basah ......................................................................................................104 Gambar 60. Mawar Pedoman ................................................................................................................107 Gambar 61. Pedoman Kering.................................................................................................................111 Gambar 62. Piringan Pedoman .............................................................................................................112 Gambar 63. Irisan Pedoman ...................................................................................................................112 Gambar 64. Ketel Pedoman ....................................................................................................................114 Gambar 65. Cincin Lenja ..........................................................................................................................116 Gambar 66. Rumah Pedoman ................................................................................................................117 Gambar 67. Pedoman Zat Cair ...............................................................................................................118 Gambar 68. Piringan ..................................................................................................................................120 Gambar 69. Sextan ......................................................................................................................................121 Gambar 70. Sextan Sedang Dipergunakan .......................................................................................122 Gambar 71. Prinsip jalannya cahaya pada sextan .........................................................................122 Gambar 72. Sextan Nonius ......................................................................................................................125 Gambar 73. Sebagian lembidang busur beserta nonius ............................................................127 Gambar 74. Sextan tromol dengan pembacaan positif ...............................................................128 Gambar 75. Sextan tromol dengan pembacaan positif ...............................................................128 Gambar 76. Semat Bayangan ..................................................................................................................130 Gambar 77. Kompas Baring dan Perlengkapannya ......................................................................132 Gambar 78. Penjera celah dan Penjera Benang .............................................................................132 Gambar 79. Pesawat Baring Thomson ...............................................................................................133 Gambar 80. Barometer Air Raksa.........................................................................................................137 Gambar 81. Nonius .....................................................................................................................................138 Gambar 82. Bagian Utama Barograf ...................................................................................................139 Gambar 83. Termometer min-max dan Termometer Digital .................................................141 Gambar 84. Thermometer Air Raksa .................................................................................................143 viiGambar 85. Thermometer Reamur, Celcius dan Fahrenheit ....................................................144 Gambar 86. Hygrometer rambut ..........................................................................................................146 Gambar 87. Hygrograf ...............................................................................................................................147 Gambar 88. Anemometer ........................................................................................................................148 Gambar 89. Alat untuk mengetahui Arah Angin. ...........................................................................149 Gambar 90. Chronometer ........................................................................................................................149 Gambar 91. Gelombang-gelombang elektromagnetis dan Antenne .....................................153 Gambar 92. Pengaruh Pantai .................................................................................................................159 Gambar 93. Bentuk gambar lingkaran besar, loksodrom, lengkung baring pada peta Mercator ............................................................................................................................................................160 Gambar 94. Radar ........................................................................................................................................162 Gambar 95. Standar Radar display ......................................................................................................164 Gambar 96. Antenne Radar.....................................................................................................................167 Gambar 97. Diagram Sederhana Sistem Radar .............................................................................172 Gambar 98. Penentuan posisi dengan Radar .................................................................................174 Gambar 99. Problema baringan teluk ................................................................................................174 Gambar 100. Baringan dan jarak .........................................................................................................175 Gambar 101. Dua Baringan dan Jarak.................................................................................................175 Gambar 102. Tiga benda Baringan .....................................................................................................176 Gambar 103. Pengukuran Jarak Tiga Benda ..................................................................................176 Gambar 104. Symbol dari switch dan control pada pesawat ..................................................177 Gambar 105 Multi Gema melebihi gema target asli ...................................................................179 viiiPETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR C1 C2 C3 Pelayaran Kapal Perikanan Dasar Bidang Keahlian Dasar Program Keahlian Paket Keahlian FIS KIM BIO HMP4L2 BSKP DKL BIMP SD PKP KDJKP MKP TAPI PK. NKPI C1 C2 C3 DTPIPI2HT Next >