i HALAMAN FRANCIS ii KATA PENGANTAR iiiDAFTAR ISI HALAMAN FRANCIS .......................................................................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................................................................... iii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................................................ vi DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................................................................. viii PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR ............................................................................................................ ix GLOSARIUM ......................................................................................................................................................... x I. PENDAHULUAN......................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Deskripsi .............................................................................................................................................. 1 B. Prasyarat .............................................................................................................................................. 1 C. Petunjuk Penggunaan .................................................................................................................... 2 D. Tujuan Akhir ...................................................................................................................................... 3 E. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar ............................................................................... 4 F. Cek Kemampuan Awal .................................................................................................................. 6 II. PEMBELAJARAN ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1. Hutan dan Komponen Penyusunnya ....................................... 8 A. Deskripsi .............................................................................................................................................. 8 B. Kegiatan Pembelajaran ................................................................................................................. 9 1. Tujuan .............................................................................................................................................. 9 2. Uraian Materi ............................................................................................................................. 10 3. Refleksi Hutan dan Komponen penyusunnya ........................................................... 87 4. Tugas ............................................................................................................................................. 89 iv 5. Tes Formatif ............................................................................................................................... 96 C. Penilaian ........................................................................................................................................... 97 1. Penilaian Sikap.......................................................................................................................... 97 2. Penilaian Pengetahuan ......................................................................................................... 98 3. Penilaian Ketrampilan........................................................................................................... 99 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2 Dinamika Tegakan ........................................................................100 A. Deskripsi .........................................................................................................................................100 B. Kegiatan Belajar ..........................................................................................................................100 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran...........................................................................................................100 2. Uraian Materi ...........................................................................................................................101 3. Refleksi Dinamika Tegakan Hutan ................................................................................124 4. Tugas ...........................................................................................................................................126 5. Tes Formatif .............................................................................................................................138 C. Penilaian .........................................................................................................................................139 1. Penilaian Sikap........................................................................................................................139 2. Penilaian Pengetahuan .......................................................................................................140 3. Penilaian Ketrampilan.........................................................................................................141 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 3 Fungsi dan Manfaat Hutan ........................................................142 A. Deskripsi .........................................................................................................................................142 B. Kegiatan Belajar ..........................................................................................................................143 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran...........................................................................................................143 2. Uraian Materi ...........................................................................................................................144 3. Refleksi Fungsi dan Manfaat Hutan ..............................................................................162 v 4. Tugas ...........................................................................................................................................164 5. Tes Formatif .............................................................................................................................178 C. Penilaian .........................................................................................................................................179 1. Penilaian Sikap........................................................................................................................179 2. Penilaian Pengetahuan .......................................................................................................180 3. Penilaian Ketrampilan.........................................................................................................181 III. PENUTUP .................................................................................................................................................182 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................................................183 vi DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Hutan ............................................................................................................................................. 23 Gambar 2. Interaksi Antar Individu ....................................................................................................... 26 Gambar 3. Interaksi antar Komunitas .................................................................................................. 29 Gambar 4. Pohon Jati .................................................................................................................................... 44 Gambar 5. Jaringan Meristem pada Pohon ........................................................................................ 46 Gambar 6. Ekosistem Hutan ...................................................................................................................... 49 Gambar 7. Gambar Mikoriza ..................................................................................................................... 52 Gambar 8. Pohon dengan akar banir yang kokoh ........................................................................... 61 Gambar 9. Pohon pinus tanpa akar banir ........................................................................................... 62 Gambar 10. Pohon konifer dengan mahkota berbentuk kerucut (eccurent) .................... 63 Gambar 11. Pohon Mahoni dengan mahkota berbentuk bulat (decurrent) ...................... 63 Gambar 12. Pohon maple atau acer ....................................................................................................... 65 Gambar 13. Hutan Hujan Tropika .......................................................................................................... 74 Gambar 14. Hutan Jati .................................................................................................................................. 75 Gambar 15. Hutan Jati dimusim kemarau .......................................................................................... 75 Gambar 16. Tegakan murni ....................................................................................................................... 80 Gambar 17. Proses Suksesi Tumbuhan yang lengkap ................................................................102 Gambar 18. Tahap Suksesi Hutan .........................................................................................................105 Gambar 19. Suksesi pada daerah pantai ...........................................................................................109 Gambar 20. Kawasan Hutung Gunung Merapi setelah erupsi ................................................109 Gambar 21. Suksesi Sekunder ................................................................................................................110 Gambar 22. Suksesi Sekunder ................................................................................................................111 Gambar 23. Hutan setelah penebangan .............................................................................................111 Gambar 24. Hutan Tropis .........................................................................................................................112 Gambar 25. Hutan pasca kebakaran terjadi suksesi cronosequqnese ...............................114 Gambar 26. A Jengjeng dengan diameter batang yang lebih besar dari B ........................117 Gambar 27. Banir pada pohon hutan untuk memenangkan persaingan ...........................119 viiGambar 28. Hutan Acacia Mangium di atas tanah gambut .......................................................146 Gambar 29. Agroforestri ...........................................................................................................................147 Gambar 30. Agroforesti tanaman hutan dan kopi ........................................................................148 Gambar 31. Hutan jati ................................................................................................................................148 Gambar 32. Hutan Rakyat dengan Tanaman Jengjeng (Albisia sp) ......................................149 Gambar 33. Hutan yang memberikan fungsi orologis ................................................................160 Gambar 34. Fungsi orologis Danau Air Kaca ...................................................................................160 Gambar 35. Hutan Sumber Keanekaragaman Hayati .................................................................161 viiiDAFTAR TABEL Next >