i KATA PENGANTAR Kurikulum 2013 dirancang untuk memperkuat kompetensi siswa dari sisi sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan secara utuh. Keutuhan tersebut menjadi dasar dalam perumusan kompetensi dasar tiap mata pelajaran mencakup kompetensi dasar kelompok sikap, kompetensi dasar kelompok pengetahuan, dan kompetensi dasar kelompok keterampilan. Semua mata pelajaran dirancang mengikuti rumusan tersebut. Pembelajaran kelas X dan XI jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Kejuruhan yang disajikan dalam buku ini juga tunduk pada ketentuan tersebut. Buku siswa ini diberisi materi pembelajaran yang membekali peserta didik dengan pengetahuan, keterapilan dalam menyajikan pengetahuan yang dikuasai secara kongkrit dan abstrak, dan sikap sebagai makhluk yang mensyukuri anugerah alam semesta yang dikaruniakan kepadanya melalui pemanfaatan yang bertanggung jawab. Buku ini menjabarkan usaha minimal yang harus dilakukan siswa untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diharuskan. Sesuai dengan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kurikulum 2013, siswa diberanikan untuk mencari dari sumber belajar lain yang tersedia dan terbentang luas di sekitarnya. Peran guru sangat penting untuk meningkatkan dan menyesuaikan daya serp siswa dengan ketersediaan kegiatan buku ini. Guru dapat memperkayanya dengan kreasi dalam bentuk kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang sesuai dan relevan yang bersumber dari lingkungan sosial dan alam. Buku ini sangat terbuka dan terus dilakukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Untuk itu, kami mengundang para pembaca memberikan kritik, saran, dan masukan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Atas kontribusi tersebut, kami ucapkan terima kasih. Mudah-mudahan kita dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi seratus tahun Indonesia Merdeka (2045). ii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................................................ i DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................................................ vi DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................................................................. xiii PETA KEDUDUKAN BAHAN AJAR ..........................................................................................................xiv GLOSARIUM ....................................................................................................................................................... xv I. PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................................................................. 1 A. Deskripsi .................................................................................................................................................... 1 B. Prasyarat .................................................................................................................................................... 1 C. Petunjuk Penggunaan .......................................................................................................................... 1 D. Tujuan Akhir ............................................................................................................................................ 3 E. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar ..................................................................................... 4 F. Cek Kemampuan Awal ........................................................................................................................ 6 II. PEMBELAJARAN ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1. Teknik dan Prinsip Penggunaan Alat Gambar Manual ............ 7 A. Deskripsi .................................................................................................................................................... 7 B. Kegiatan Belajar ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ..................................................................................................................... 9 2. Uraian Materi .................................................................................................................................. 10 3. Refleksi .............................................................................................................................................. 28 4. Tugas ................................................................................................................................................... 29 5. Tes Formatif .................................................................................................................................... 30 iiiC. Penilaian ................................................................................................................................................. 31 1. Sikap .................................................................................................................................................... 31 2. Pengetahuan.................................................................................................................................... 35 3. Keterampilan .................................................................................................................................. 37 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2. Standar Kertas dan Tata Letak pada Gambar Teknik ........... 39 A. Deskripsi ................................................................................................................................................. 39 B. Kegiatan Belajar .................................................................................................................................. 43 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran .................................................................................................................. 43 2. Uraian Materi .................................................................................................................................. 43 3. Refleksi .............................................................................................................................................. 70 4. Tugas ................................................................................................................................................... 71 5. Tes Formatif .................................................................................................................................... 73 C. Penilaian ................................................................................................................................................. 74 1. Sikap .................................................................................................................................................... 74 2. Pengetahuan.................................................................................................................................... 78 3. Keterampilan .................................................................................................................................. 81 Kegiatan Pembelajaraan 3. Geometri Gambar Teknik ................................................................ 83 A. Deskripsi ................................................................................................................................................. 83 B. Kegiatan Belajar .................................................................................................................................. 84 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran .................................................................................................................. 84 2. Uraian Materi .................................................................................................................................. 84 3. Refleksi ............................................................................................................................................112 iv 4. Tugas .................................................................................................................................................113 5. Tes Formatif ..................................................................................................................................115 C. Penilaian ...............................................................................................................................................116 1. Sikap ..................................................................................................................................................116 2. Pengetahuan..................................................................................................................................120 3. Keterampilan ................................................................................................................................123 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 4. Gambar Proyeksi Isometri dan Ortogonal ..............................125 A. Deskripsi ...............................................................................................................................................125 B. Kegiatan Belajar ................................................................................................................................126 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................................................................................................126 2. Uraian Materi ................................................................................................................................127 3. Refleksi ............................................................................................................................................155 4. Tugas .................................................................................................................................................156 5. Tes Formatif ..................................................................................................................................161 C. Penilaian ...............................................................................................................................................162 1. Sikap ..................................................................................................................................................162 2. Pengetahuan..................................................................................................................................166 3. Keterampilan ................................................................................................................................169 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 5. Membuat Gambar Sketsa .................................................................171 A. Deskripsi ...............................................................................................................................................171 B. Kegiatan Belajar ................................................................................................................................172 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................................................................................................172 v 2. Uraian Materi ................................................................................................................................172 3. Refleksi ............................................................................................................................................183 4. Tugas .................................................................................................................................................184 5. Tes Formatif ..................................................................................................................................187 C. Penilaian ...............................................................................................................................................188 1. Sikap ..................................................................................................................................................188 2. Pengetahuan..................................................................................................................................192 3. Keterampilan ................................................................................................................................194 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 6. Penunjukan Ukuran ............................................................................196 A. Deskripsi ...............................................................................................................................................196 B. Kegiatan Belajar ................................................................................................................................197 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................................................................................................197 2. Uraian Materi ................................................................................................................................197 3. Refleksi ............................................................................................................................................225 4. Tugas .................................................................................................................................................226 5. Tes Formatif ..................................................................................................................................229 C. Penilaian ...............................................................................................................................................230 1. Sikap ..................................................................................................................................................230 2. Pengetahuan..................................................................................................................................234 3. Keterampilan ................................................................................................................................237 III. PENUTUP ...................................................................................................................................................239 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................................................240 vi DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Alam Ciptaan Tuhan .................................................................................................................. 8 Gambar 2. Hasil Karya Manusia .................................................................................................................. 8 Gambar 3. Busur Derajat ............................................................................................................................. 10 Gambar 4. Mengukur Sudut Dengan Busur Derajat ....................................................................... 11 Gambar 5. Kertas Gambar ......................................................................................................................... 12 Gambar 6. Pensil Batang ............................................................................................................................. 13 Gambar 7. Pensil Mekanik .......................................................................................................................... 13 Gambar 8. Cara Penggunaan Pensil Batang ....................................................................................... 15 Gambar 9. Penggaris T ................................................................................................................................. 16 Gambar 10. Posisi penempatan penggaris T pada meja gambar ............................................ 16 Gambar 11. Penggaris Siku ........................................................................................................................ 17 Gambar 12. Penggunaan penggaris siku dan T ................................................................................ 17 Gambar 13. Bagian-bagian Jangka.......................................................................................................... 18 Gambar 14. Penggunaan Jangka .............................................................................................................. 18 Gambar 15. Konstruksi Jangka ................................................................................................................. 19 Gambar 16. Penggunaan Jangka dengan Tinta ................................................................................. 19 Gambar 17. Jangka Orleon ......................................................................................................................... 20 Gambar 18. Mal huruf dan angka ............................................................................................................ 21 Gambar 19. Mal lengkung ........................................................................................................................... 22 Gambar 20. Mal lingkaran .......................................................................................................................... 22 Gambar 21. Mal bentuk ............................................................................................................................... 23 Gambar 22. Mal ellips ................................................................................................................................... 23 Gambar 23. Rapido ........................................................................................................................................ 24 Gambar 24. Bagian-bagian rapido .......................................................................................................... 24 Gambar 25. Meja gambar dengan mesin gambar ........................................................................... 25 Gambar 26. Mesin gambar ......................................................................................................................... 26 Gambar 27. Handle mesin gambar ......................................................................................................... 27 viiGambar 28. Pillow .......................................................................................................................................... 40 Gambar 29. Menentukan ukuran kertas A0....................................................................................... 47 Gambar 30. Huruf dan angka tegak ....................................................................................................... 50 Gambar 31. Huruf dan angka miring..................................................................................................... 51 Gambar 32. Jarak antar garis .................................................................................................................... 54 Gambar 33. Jenis huruf technic bolt ...................................................................................................... 56 Gambar 34. ISOCT SHX miring ................................................................................................................. 57 Gambar 35. ISOTEUR miring..................................................................................................................... 58 Gambar 36. Kepala gambar (etiket) ...................................................................................................... 60 Gambar 37. Jenis-jenis proyeksi .............................................................................................................. 62 Gambar 38. Proyeksi piktorial ................................................................................................................. 63 Gambar 39. Proyeksi non piktorial ........................................................................................................ 63 Gambar 40. Proyeksi aksonometri ......................................................................................................... 64 Gambar 41. Perbandingan beberapa jenis proyeksi piktorial .................................................. 64 Gambar 42. Proyeksi isometrik ............................................................................................................... 65 Gambar 43. Proyeksi dimetri .................................................................................................................... 65 Gambar 44. Proyeksi trimetri ................................................................................................................... 66 Gambar 45. Proyeksi miring ..................................................................................................................... 66 Gambar 46. Proyeksi perspektif .............................................................................................................. 67 Gambar 47. Proyeksi ortogonal ............................................................................................................... 68 Gambar 48. Proyeksi Eropa ....................................................................................................................... 68 Gambar 49. Proyeksi Amerika ................................................................................................................. 69 Gambar 50. Membuat garis tegak lurus............................................................................................... 85 Gambar 51. Menggambar garis miring cara pertama ................................................................... 85 Gambar 52. Menggambar garis miring cara kedua ........................................................................ 86 Gambar 53. Membuat garis lengkung dengan jangka ................................................................... 87 Gambar 54. Membuat garis lengkung dengan mal ......................................................................... 88 Gambar 55. Membagi garis sama panjang .......................................................................................... 88 Gambar 56. Membagi garis sama panjang .......................................................................................... 89 Gambar 57. Menggabung beberapa garis ........................................................................................... 90 viiiGambar 58. Menggabung garis lurus dan lengkung ...................................................................... 90 Gambar 59. Memindahkan sudut............................................................................................................ 91 Gambar 60. Membagi sudut sama besar ............................................................................................. 92 Gambar 61. Membagi sudut siku-siku menjadi tiga sama besar ............................................. 92 Gambar 62. Menggambar segitiga cara pertama ............................................................................ 93 Gambar 63. Menggambar segitiga cara kedua ................................................................................. 94 Gambar 64. Menggambar segitiga cara ketiga ................................................................................. 94 Gambar 65. Menggambar Bujur Sangkar ............................................................................................ 95 .Gambar 66. Segi lima beraturan ............................................................................................................. 96 Gambar 67. Segi enam beraturan ........................................................................................................... 97 Gambar 68. Segi tujuh beraturan ............................................................................................................ 98 Gambar 69. Segi delapan beraturan ...................................................................................................... 99 Gambar 70. Segi sembilan beraturan.................................................................................................... 99 Gambar 71. Segi sepuluh beraturan ....................................................................................................100 Gambar 72. Menggambar lingkaran ....................................................................................................101 Gambar 73. Membagi keliling lingkaran sama besar ..................................................................102 Gambar 74. Menggambar garis singgung lingkaran ....................................................................103 Gambar 75. Menggambar Elips ..............................................................................................................104 Gambar 76. Menggambar Bulat Telur ...............................................................................................105 Gambar 77. Langkah 1 menggambar silinder .................................................................................106 Gambar 78. Langkah 2 menggambar silinder .................................................................................107 Gambar 79. Langkah 3 menggambar silinder .................................................................................107 Gambar 80. Langkah 4 menggambar silinder .................................................................................108 Gambar 81. Langkah 5 menggambar silinder .................................................................................109 Gambar 82. Menggambar parabola .....................................................................................................110 Gambar 83. Menggambar hiperbola ....................................................................................................111 Gambar 84. Ciri proyeksi isometri .......................................................................................................127 Gambar 85. Proyeksi isometri dengan kedudukan normal .....................................................128 Gambar 86. Isometri kedudukan terbalik (cara 1) ......................................................................128 Gambar 87. Isometri kedudukan terbalik (cara 2) ......................................................................129 Next >