< PreviousGejala Gelombang11Riak pada air kolam terjadi karena perambatan getaran akibatjatuhnya batu pada air kolam tersebut.Bab1Sumber: Science Encyclopedia, 2001mendeskripsikan gejala dan ciri-ciri gelombang secara umum.Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda harus mampu:menerapkan konsep dan prinsip gejala gelombang dalam menyelesaikanmasalah.Hasil yang harus Anda capai:Gejala GelombangA.PemahamanGelombangB.GelombangBerjalan danGelombangStasionerC.Sifat-SifatGelombang*B@B</<?7/9;3:7<59/?>/2/>3?;B9//</7?;3?B>/9/<@/:/6@/AB03<AB953:=;0/<5'=:/=;0/903?03<AB9:7<59/?/<E/<5A3?:76/A@3;/97<;3<E30/?2/>/AA3?8/2793A79/@30B/60/AB278/AB69/<932/:/;/7?*3>7<A/@A/;>/9>3?;B9//</7?03?53?/903?@/;/53:=;0/<5*303</?<E/>3?;B9//</7?A72/903?53?/903?@/;/53:=;0/<5!/?/927/<A/?/?7/9?7/953:=;0/<527@30BA>/<8/<553:=;0/<5/>/A9/6<2/;3;0B9A79/<0/6D/>3?;B9//</7?A72/903?53?/903?@/;/53:=;0/<5*303</?<E//>/9/653:=;0/<57AB'3;/6/;/<A3<A/<5538/:/538/:/53:=;0/<5;3<8/27@3@B/ABE/<5>3<A7<5B<AB9;3;>3:/8/?753:=;0/<5A7<59/A:/<8BA@3?A/;3;/6/;7/>:79/@7<E/2/:/;A39<=:=57%/6>/2/0/07<7<2//9/<;3<1/?7A/6BA3<A/<5538/:/2/<17?717?753:=;0/<5@31/?/B;B;@3?A/>3<3?/>/<<E/2/:/;93672B>/<@36/?76/?7&:369/?3</7AB>3?6/A79/<;/A3?70/07<723<5/<03</?93:/9<2//9/<;3?/@/A/98B0=:36@74/A@74/A53:=;0/<5E/<5;3<57@E/?/A9/<0/6D/+B6/<A3:/6;3<17>A/9/<@35/:/@3@B/AB23<5/<>3<B6>3?67AB<5/<E/<5A/9A3?A/<27<57Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII2A.Pemahaman Gelombang*303</?<E/0/<E/9938/27/<27@397A/?<2/E/<53?/A9/7A/<<E/23<5/<53:=;0/<5*30/5/71=<A=6>3?</69/6<2/03?>797?;3<5/>/0B<E72/?7@B;03?0B<E72/>/A2723<5/?,;B;<E/=?/<5/9/<;3<8/D/0+3<AB@/8/97A/2/>/A;3<23<5/?9/?3</;3;7:797A3:7<5/'/2/6/:@303AB:<E/A3?23<5/?<E/0B<E70B9/<6/<E/27@30/09/<=:36/2/<E/A3:7<5/A3A/>78B5/27@30/09/<=:36/2/<E/@B;03?0B<E72/<;327B;>3?/;0/A/<"3A79/<2/;3<23<5/?>3;071/?//<@3@3=?/<5A3:7<5/<2/A3:/6;3<3?7;/53:=;0/<50B<E7E/<5;3?/;0/A27B2/?/@30/5/7;327B;>3?/;0/A/<<E/3?2/@/?9/<@B;03?<E/53:=;0/<52793:=;>=99/<;3<8/272B/;/1/;E/7AB 2/< 3:=;0/<5;39/<7903?/@/:2/?7=@7:/@753A/?/<@B/ABA7A79/A/B>/?A793:272/:/;@B/AB?B/<5 <3?572/<;=;3<AB;53A/?/<27?/;0/A9/<;3:/:B75/<55B/<272/:/;;327B;A3;>/AA3?8/27<E/53A/?/<A3?@30BAA/<>/>3?>7<2/6/<;/A3?7*30/5/71=<A=693A79/07=:/27>3A79/A/B2753@395/<55B/<A3?6/2/>A/:7278/:/?9/<@3>/<8/<5A/:7'/2/@//AE/<503?@/;//<A/:7E/<503?53A/?;3<56/@7:9/<@32797A>3?B0/6/<>/2/A39/</<B2/?/27@397A/?<E/2/<>3?B0/6/<>/2/A39/</<7<7278/:/?9/<@30/5/753:=;0/<50B<E7;3:/:B7B2/?/ 3:=;0/<53:39A?=;/5<3A7903?/@/:2/?7=@7:/@7;B/A/<;B/A/<:7@A?79272/:/;/A=;/A/B;=:39B:'/2/53:=;0/<53:39A?=;/5<3A793<3?572/<;=;3<AB;270/D/=:36;32/<:7@A?792/<;/5<3AE/<52/>/A;3<8/:/?;3:/:B7;327B;C/9B;/6/E/;3?B>/9/<53:=;0/<53:39A?=;/5<3A799/?3</2/>/A;3<8/:/?A/<>//2/<E/;327B;>3?/<A/?/3?2/@/?9/</?/653A/?2/<?/;0/A/<<E/53:=;0/<527032/9/<;3<8/27 ! 2/< ,<AB9;3<53A/6B7932B/03<AB953:=;0/<5A3?@30BA:/9B9/<:/69357/A/<03?79BA &.'' '* & $ +#%)(, * $ & &)' (!% +$ % (& ",) &,) & +#%.- & ' .%.& -#" (Tes Kompetensi Awal >/9/6E/<527;/9@B223<5/<53:=;0/<5 /5/7;/</9/6@74/A@74/A2/?753:=;0/<5 *30BA9/<83<7@83<7@53:=;0/<5E/<5<2/93A/6B7 3:=;0/<5/>/9/6E/<5A3?03<AB9>/2//7?9=:/;93A79/<2/;3<8/AB69/<0/AB932/:/;<E/Aktivitas Fisika 1.1Jenis Gelombang Berdasarkan Arah GetarannyaTujuan PercobaanMengamati gelombang transversal dan gelombang longitudinal.Alat-Alat PercobaanSebuah slinki (pegas plastik) yang panjangnya 3 meter.Langkah-Langkah Percobaan1.Pegang kuat-kuat salah satu ujung slinki oleh teman Anda atau diikatkanpada tiang.2.Rentangkan sesuai panjangnya dan getarkan ujung yang satu dengansatu kali hentakan naik turun dari posisi setimbang dan kembali ke posisisetimbang (posisi saat tangan Anda diam).3.Ulangi langkah 2, dan getarkan ujung slinki tersebut terus menerus naikturun, kemudian amati perambatan gelombang sepanjang slinki.TokohFrank Oppenheimer(1912–1985)Frank Oppenheimer lahir di New Yorkpada tahun 1912. Di Exploratoriumdia mendemonstrasikan pengamatan-nya bahwa gerakan pendulum biladiproyeksikan pada sabuk kertasbergerak membentuk lintasan grafiksinusoidal.Sumber: Conceptual Physics, 1998Gejala Gelombang3/?7>3?1=0//<A3?@30BA27>3?=:3693@7;>B:/<@3>3?A727AB<8B99/<2/:/;A/03:03?79BAGambar 1.1Berdasarkan arah getarnya,gelombang mekanikdikelompokkan menjadi:(a)Gelombang transversal;(b)Gelombang logitudinal./0Tarah rambatarah getar &'3?032//< 3:=;0/<5+?/<@C3?@/:2/< 3:=;0/<5#=<57AB27</: 3:=;0/<5A?/<@C3?@/:/2/:/653:=;0/<5E/<5/?/653A/?/<<E/A35/9:B?B@A3?6/2/>/?/6?/;0/A/<<E/1=<A=6<E/53:=;0/<5>3?;B9//</7?53:=;0/<5>/2/A/:72/<53:=;0/<51/6/E/ 3:=;0/<5:=<57AB27</:/2/:/653:=;0/<5E/<5/?/653A/?<E/@38/8/?23<5/</?/6?/;0/A/<<E/1=<A=6<E/53:=;0/<50B<E72/<53:=;0/<5>/2/>35/@ 3:=;0/<5>/2/>35/@/A/B@:7<972/>/A;3<55/;0/?9/<03<AB953:=;0/<5A?/<@C3?@/:2/<53:=;0/<5:=<57AB27</:03?5/<AB<50/5/7;/</1/?/>35/@A3?@30BA2753A/?9/<!79/>35/@2703?7B@79/<A35/9:B?B@A3?6/2/>>/<8/<5<E//9/<A3?03<AB953:=;0/<5A?/<@C3?@/:2/>B<879/>35/@2703?75/E/@3/?/623<5/<>/<8/<5>35/@>/2/>35/@/9/<A3?8/27?/>/A/<2/<?3<55/<5/<E/<527@30BA53:=;0/<5:=<57AB27</:B/A:/6;=23:53:=;0/<523<5/<;3<55B</9/<@3BA/@A/:7E/<5@/:/6@/ABB8B<5<E/2779/A9/<>/2/A7/<5"3;B27/<53?/99/<A/<5/<<2/</79AB?B<@367<55//9/<A3?:76/A0/5/7;/</@30B/653:=;0/<5;3?/;0/A@3>3?A7>/2/ ' + $3<B?BA<2//>/9/6A/:779BA;3?/;0/A93A79/2753A/?9/</:/;>3?/;0/A/<<E/53:=;0/<5;3;7<2/69/<3<3?572/<A72/9;3<E3?A/9/<>3?/;0/A/<;327B;<E/'/2/9/@B@53:=;0/<5A/:753?/9/<A/<5/<</79AB?B<;3;0/<597A9/<3<3?57;39/<79>/2/A/:7 <3?57;39/<79A3?@30BA;3<553A/?9/<2/3?/627@397A/?<E/@367<55/2/3?/627@397A/?<E/79BA>B:/03?53?/9</79AB?B<23;797/<@3A3?B@<E/@/;>/7B8B<5A/:7 ,#& (! ' - ( &)' (! + (,/ +, & ()(!#-. #( &* &#(%#3<AB9 3:=;0/<5.&, + (,/ +, &.&, )(!#-. #( &?/653A/?/<'/<8/<5 3:=;0/<5+35/9:B?B@23<5/</?/6?/;0/A/<53:=;0/<5$3?B>/9/<8/?/9/<A/?/>B<1/993>B<1/953:=;0/<503?79BA<E/*3/?/623<5/</?/6?/;0/A/<53:=;0/<5$3?B>/9/<8/?/9/<A/?/?/>/A/<93?/>/A/<03?79BA<E//A/B?3<55/<5/<93?3<55/<5/<03?79BA<E/Tugas Anda 1.1Selain dalam medium slinki,dapatkah Anda mencari medium lainuntuk menggambarkan gelombanglongitudinal?Gambar 1.2Gelombang pada tali.4.Letakkan slinki di atas lantai licin, kemudian dengan bantuan teman Andapegang salah satu ujungnya.5.Hentakkan salah satu ujung pegas dengan satu kali dorongan dan satu kalitarikan ke posisi semula. Amati rapatan dan regangan yang merambat sepan-jang slinki.6.Ulangi langkah 5, namun dorongan dan tarikannya dilakukan secara terus-menerus. Amati perambatan dan regangan sepanjang slinki.arah rambatTarahgetarMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII41.Panjang, Frekuensi, Periode, dan Cepat Rambat Gelombang347<7@7@/AB53:=;0/<5>/2/53:=;0/<5A?/<@C3?@/:/2/:/68/?/9E/<5@/;/23<5/<8/?/9/<A/?/2B/>B<1/903?B?BA/</A/B2B/:3;0/603?B?BA/<!/?/9A3?@30BA27</;/9/<>/<8/<553:=;0/<5 @3>3?A727AB<8B99/<>/2/ ' + '/2/53:=;0/<5:=<57AB27</:>/<8/<553:=;0/<5 272347<7@79/<@30/5/78/?/9E/<5@/;/23<5/<8/?/9/<A/?/2B/>B@/A?3<55/<5/<E/<503?239/A/</A/B8/?/9/<A/?/2B/>B@/A?/>/A/<E/<503?239/A/<@3>3?A7>/2/ ' + !/?/9E/<527A3;>B653:=;0/<5@3A7/>@/AB@/AB/<D/9AB27</;/9/<13>/A?/;0/A53:=;0/<5!@32/<59/<0/<E/9<E/53:=;0/<5E/<5A3?03<AB9@3A7/>@/AB@/AB/<D/9AB27</;/9/<4?39B3<@7'3?7=23 /2/:/6D/9ABE/<527>3?:B9/<B<AB9;3<3;>B68/?/9@/AB>/<8/<553:=;0/<52.Persamaan Umum Gelombang3@/?/<03@/?/</>/E/<527;7:797@30B/653:=;0/<5<2/>/@A7;/@767<5/A0/6D/@3A7/>53:=;0/<5;3;7:7974?39B3<@7>3?7=23 2/<13>/A?/;0/A53:=;0/<5! B0B<5/</<A/?/03@/?/<03@/?/<A3?@30BA@31/?/;/A3;/A7@27AB:7@9/<@30/5/703?79BA/A/B! H "3A3?/<5/<!13>/A?/;0/A53:=;0/<5; @ >/<8/<553:=;0/<5; >3?7=2353:=;0/<5@4?39B3<@753:=;0/<5 F'3?6/A79/< ' + /;0/?A3?@30BA;3?B>/9/<>?=E39@72/?7@7;>/<5/<#2/<>3?>7<2/6/<"2/?7@30B/653:=;0/<53<AB9<E/;3<E3?B>/703<AB953:=;0/<5A?/<@C3?@/:A3?27?72/?70B97A2/<:3;0/63?2/@/?9/<5/;0/?A3?@30BA>/<8/<553:=;0/<5/2/:/68/?/92/?793 /A/B8/?/92/?793 ;>:7AB2=/2/:/6<7:/7@7;>/<5/<A3?03@/?E/<52/>/A271/>/7>/?A793:;327B;E/7AB8/?/92/?793/A/B2/?7 93 'B<1/953:=;0/<5/2/:/6A7A79A3?A7<557>/2/53:=;0/<5E/7ABA7A792/<A7A79 /@/?53:=;0/<5/2/:/6139B<5/</A/B:3;0/6A3?3<2/6E/7ABA7A792/<A7A79 2/>B<@7;>B:/2/:/6A7A79A7A79>/2/53:=;0/<593A79/;3<1/>/793@3A7;0/<5/</A/B@7;>/<5/<<E/<=: 3:=;0/<5>/2/A/:7;3?/;0/A23<5/<9313>/A/<; @!79/8/?/9/<A/?/ >B<1/953:=;0/<5E/<503?B?BA/</2/:/6 ;3A3?A3<AB9/</>/<8/<553:=;0/<504?39B3<@753:=;0/<5A3?@30BA 0 793A/6B7!; @!/?/9/<A/?/ >B<1/9 ;Gambar 1.3(a) Panjang gelombang padagelombang transversal.(b) Panjang gelombang padagelombang longitudinal.panjang gelombang/0panjang gelombangrapatanrengganganpuncaklembahGambar 1.4Panjang gelombang ( ) padagrafik simpangan (y) terhadaparah rambat (x).Contoh 1.12 = 36 mAB'CEDF'GFBHyx lembahgelombangbukitgelombangGejala Gelombang53.Energi Gelombang7/D/:0/07<7<2/A3:/6;3<53A/6B70/6D/53:=;0/<5276/@7:9/<=:3653A/?/<E/<527?/;0/A9/<,<AB9;3<567AB<53<3?5753:=;0/<5<2/6/?B@;3<57<5/A93;0/:7;/A3?727"3:/@. A3<A/<53<3?57A=A/:;/@@/E/<503?=@7:/@7>/2/>35/@ <3?57A3?@30BA27AB:7@9/<@30/5/703?79BA 23<5/< @30/5/79=<@A/<A/5/E/2/</2/:/6/;>:7AB2=*3:/<8BA<E/>3?6/A79/<5/;0/?03?79BA ' + ;3?B>/9/<@30B/6;=23:53:=;0/<5A/:7 3:=;0/<5A/:7A3?@30BAA3?8/279/?3<//2/<E/53?/9/<A/<5/<+/<5/<A3?@30BA03?53?/96/?;=<7923<5/</;>:7AB2=2/<4?39B3<@7@B2BA 3?/9/<A/<5/<7<7;3<E30/09/<@3A7/>3:3;3<A/:7;3<5/:/;753?/96/?;=<79/2/:/6;/@@/2/?7@35;3<9317:A/:7;3?B>/9/<?/>/A;/@@/:7<3/?A/:72/<";3?B>/9/<>/<8/<5@35;3<A/:73<5/<23;797/<3<3?5753:=;0/<52/>/A27AB:7@9/<@30/5/703?79BA 7>3?;B9//<@B<5/7A3?2/>/A2B/0B/65/0B@E/<5A3?>7@/6@38/B6 1;"32B/<E/</79AB?B<A3?0/D/53:=;0/<5/7?*/:/6@/AB5/0B@03?/2/27>B<1/953:=;0/<5@32/<59/<5/0B@E/<5:/7<03?/2/272/@/?53:=;0/<57/<A/?/932B/5/0B@A3?@30BAA3?2/>/A@/AB0B97A!79/4?39B3<@753:=;0/<5/7?A3?@30BA/2/:/6 FA3<AB9/<13>/A?/;0/A53:=;0/<5>/2//7? 0 793A/6B7 F3<5/<;3;3?6/A79/<5/;0/?27>3?=:36 1; 1;! 1;I F 1; @ ; @!/2713>/A?/;0/A53:=;0/<5>/2//7?/2/:/6 ; @Contoh 1.2mxGambar 1.5Gerakan tangan dirambatkanoleh tali dalam bentukgelombang.1,5 Pembahasan SoalGelombang air laut menyebabkanpermukaan air naik turun denganperiode 2 s. Jika jarak antara duapuncak gelombang 5 m,gelombang akan mencapai jarak10 m dalam waktu ....a.1 sb.2 sc.3 sd.4 se.5 sUMPTN 2001Pembahasan:T= 2 sjarak antara dua puncak = satugelombangv = 5 m2 sT = 2,5 m/ss = vt10 m = (2,5 m/s)tt = 10 m2,5 m/s = 4 sJawaban: d 5 m/ !/27>/<8/<553:=;0/<5A/:7 ;0! ! F!/274?39B3<@753:=;0/<5A/:7/2/:/6 FTugas Anda 1.2Embusan angin kencang membuatSears Building di Chicago goyangdan selanjutnya bergetar denganfrekuensi sebesar 0,1 Hz. Berapaperiode getarannya?Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII6*30B/653:=;0/<5>/<8/<5<E/ 1;2/</;>:7AB2=<E/ 1;03?53?/923<5/<9313>/A/<; @27@3>/<8/<5A/:7E/<5>/<8/<5<E/ ;2/<;/@@/<E/ 5/3?/>/9/63<3?57A=A/:53:=;0/<5>/2/A/:703?/>/9/62/E/E/<527?/;0/A9/<A/:7A3?@30BA 0 793A/6B7 1; ; 1; 5?/;!; @/P1P1t1t1 + tvtGambar 1.6(a) Pada waktu t1, gelombang talimencapai titik P1 dan memilikienergi karena gerak harmonikelemen-elemennya.(b) Pada saat waktu bertambahsebesar t, gelombang talimenjalar sejauh vt. " " H *3:/<8BA<E/>3?6/A79/< ' + 03?79BA ' + ;3;>3?:76/A9/<@30B/653:=;0/<5E/<5;3<8/:/?939/</<'/2/@//A 53:=;0/<5A3>/A;3<1/>/7A7A79' *3A7/>@35;3<A/:7>/2/0/57/<97?7' ;3;7:7973<3?57E/<52703?79/<=:36 +, ' (1 *3A3:/6 53:=;0/<5A3:/6;3<8/:/?@38/B6"! @3>3?A7A3?:76/A>/2/ ' + <3?57E/<527A?/<@;7@79/<;3:/:B7' @3:/;/ /2/:/6 " ! H *3:/<8BA<E/8B;:/63<3?57E/<527A?/<@;7@79/<@3A7/>@/AB/<D/9AB27@30BA:/8B3<3?57/A/B@/;/23<5/<2/E/E/<527A?/<@;7@79/<*31/?/;/A3;/A7@27AB:7@@30/5/703?79BA ! H/?7 +, ' (1 <2/2/>/A;3:76/A0/6D/2/E/E/<527A?/<@;7@79/<03?0/<27<5:B?B@23<5/<9B/2?/A/;>:7AB2=9B/2?/A4?39B3<@72/<:/8B53:=;0/<5Contoh 1.3Tantanganuntuk AndaGrafik simpangan terhadap waktusebuah gelombang yang memilikikecepatan 0,05 m/s seperti padagambar berikut.Berdasarkan gambar tersebut,tentukan:a.amplitudo (A);b.periode (T);c.frekuensi gelombang (f).t(s)y(cm)10150 cm0xxGejala Gelombang7Kata Kunci•gelombang mekanik•gelombang elektromagnetik•gelombang transversal•gelombang longitudinal•panjang gelombang•periode gelombang•frekuensi gelombang•simpul•laju energi gelombang•daya gelombang•cepat rambat gelombang•rapat massa linear•energi total gelombang)/>/A;/@@/:7<3/?A/:7/2/:/6H 95 I 95 ; ; ?39B3<@7@B2BA53:=;0/<5/2/:/6 ; @ ?/2 @ ;/ <3?57A=A/:53:=;0/<5>/2/A/:7/2/:/6 " I H 95 ; ?/2 @ ; ; !0/E/E/<527A?/<@;7@79/<;3:/:B7@30B/6A7A79>/2/A/:7/2/:/6 ! I H 95 ; ?/2 @ ; ; @ -B.Gelombang Berjalan dan GelombangStasioner$/@767<5/A9/6<2/1/?/;3;0B/A53:=;0/<5A?/<@C3?@/:;3<55B</9/<A/:7*/:/6@/ABB8B<5A/:7E/<5A3?:3A/927/A/@:/<A/72763<A/99/<AB?B<</79@367<55/>/2/A/:7A3?@30BAA3?8/2753:=;0/<5E/<527A/<2/723<5/<A3?03<AB9<E/0B97A2/<:3;0/6E/<5;3<8/:/?@3>/<8/<5A/:7!79/A/<5/<<2/;/;>B;3<553?/99/<B8B<5A/:7AB?B<</79@31/?/9=<@A/<@3:/;/53?/9/<A3?@30BA/9/<A3?03<AB953:=;0/<5E/<5;3<8/:/?@3>/<8/<5A/:7/5/7;/</03<AB953:=;0/<5A3?@30BA!79/<2/>3?6/A79/<53:=;0/<5A3?@30BA;3;7:797/;>:7AB2=A3A/> 3:=;0/<5@3>3?A77<727@30BA53:=;0/<503?8/:/< !3:/@9/<83<7@83<7@53:=;0/<503?2/@/?9/<@B;03?2/</?/653A/?<E/ 3:=;0/<5/7?:/BA03?53?/923<5/<9313>/A/< ; @!/?/9/<A/?/A75/>B<1/953:=;0/<5E/<503?239/A/</2/:/6;+3<AB9/</>/<8/<553:=;0/<50>3?7=2314?39B3<@753:=;0/<5 3?79/<2B//:/@/<;3<5/>/53:=;0/<5/7?:/BA/;>:7AB2=<E/@3;/97<9317:879/@3;/97<8/B62/?7@B;03?53:=;0/<5B/0B/65/0B@03?8/?/9 ;"32B/5/0B@A3?@30BA03?/2/27/A/@>3?;B9//</7?"32B/5/0B@03?53?/9</79AB?B<03?@/;//<23<5/<>3<8/:/?/<53:=;0/<5/7?*/AB5/0B@03?/2/27/A/@0B97A53:=;0/<52/<@/AB:/5703?/2/27:3;0/653:=;0/<57/<A/?/932B/5/0B@A3?@30BAA3?2/>/A@30B/60B97A53:=;0/<5!79/13>/A?/;0/A53:=;0/<5 ; @A3<AB9/<4?39B3<@753:=;0/<5A3?@30BA*30B/653:=;0/<5;3?/;0/A9/<3<3?57@303@/? !23<5/<4?39B3<@7 F2/</;>:7AB2= 1;/ 7AB<5:/6>3<5B?/<5/<3<3?57879/4?39B3<@7<E/A3A/>2/</;>:7AB2=<E/03?B0/6;3<8/27 1;0 7AB<5:/63<3?5753:=;0/<5A3?@30BA879/4?39B3<@72/</;>:7AB2=<E/;3<8/27129/:72/?7@3;B:/*B/AB53:=;0/<5A?/<@C3?@/:E/<5;3;7:7974?39B3<@7 9 F;3<553A/?9/<>/?A793:03?;/@@/ ;523<5/</;>:7AB2=;;!79/ 67AB<5:/603@/?3<3?5753A/?E/<527;7:797=:36@B;03?53A/?53:=;0/<5A3?@30BATes Kompetensi Subbab A +$ % (& " & ' .%.& -#" (Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII81.Gelombang Berjalan*3BA/@A/:7>/<8/<52753A/?9/<@367<55/>/2/A/:7;3?/;0/A53:=;0/<5A?/<@C3?@/:93/?/6@B;0B">=@7A74@3>3?A7A3?:76/A>/2/ ' + 3:=;0/<503?8/:/<E/<5276/@7:9/<27;B:/72/?7A7A79&E/7ABA7A79/@/:?/;0/A/<53:=;0/<5*//AA7A79&A3:/603?53A/? @39=<@7;>/<5/<53A/?A7A79&A3?6/2/>D/9AB53:=;0/<5;3;3<B67>3?@/;//<@7;>/<5/<53A/?6/?;=<7@*31/?/;/A3;/A7@>3?@/;//<<E/27AB:7@9/<@30/5/703?79BA@7<# H"3A3?/<5/<#@7;>/<5/<53:=;0/<5;/;>:7AB2=53:=;0/<5; 9313>/A/<@B2BA?/2 @ D/9AB@&:369/?3</ 2/< +, ' (1 2/>/A8B5/27AB:7@ @7</A/B@7<# # H 3:=;0/<5;3?/;0/A;B:/72/?7A7A79&93@B;0B">=@7A74;3<B8BA7A79'E/<503?8/?/9"2/?7A7A79&-/9ABE/<527>3?:B9/<53:=;0/<5B<AB9;3?/;0/A2/?7A7A79&93A7A79'@38/B6"/2/:/6"!@39=<!79/A7A79 03?53A/?@3:/;/ @39=<;/9/A7A79 /9/<03?53A/?@3:/;/ H"!@39=<'3?@/;//<@7;>/<5/<53:=;0/<527A7A79'/2/:/6@7<"# ! +, ' (103?:/9BB<AB953:=;0/<5E/<5;3?/;0/A93/?/6@B;0B">=@7A742/>B<>3?@/;//<53:=;0/<5E/<5;3?/;0/A2/?7@B;0B">=@7A74;3<B8B@B;0B"<35/A74/A/B>B@/A9==?27</A/2/:/6@7<"# ! H'/2/ +, ' (12/< +, ' (1/;>:7AB2=03?6/?5/>=@7A749/?3</27/<55/>/D/:53A/?/<27;B:/72/?7A7A79@3A7;0/<5&03?53?/993/A/@!79/53?/9/<27;B:/72/?7A7A79@3A7;0/<5&03?53?/9930/D/6;/9//;>:7AB2=03?6/?5/<35/A74@367<55/>3?@/;//<@7;>/<5/<53:=;0/<527'@31/?/B;B;;3<8/27@7<"# ! H/:/;03<AB9:/7< +, ' (12/>/A27AB:7@@30/5/703?79BA@7<# " H 23<5/</2/:/6<7:/72/?7! /A/B HGambar 1.7Gelombang merambatke arah sumbu-x positif.OPyvx y= sinAtkx+A=awal getaran gelombang keatas–A=awal getaran gelombang kebawah+k=gelombang merambat kekiri–k=gelombang merambat kekananIngatlahGejala Gelombang9"3A3?/<5/<#@7;>/<5/<53:=;0/<5; 9313>/A/<@B2BA53A/?/<?/2 @">=@7@7A7A79'27B9B?2/?7A7A79/@/:&;07:/<5/<53:=;0/<5/;>:7AB2=; D/9ABA7A79/@/:03?53A/?@4?39B3<@753A/?/< 53:=;0/<5 Fa.Sudut Fase, Fase, dan Beda Fase<2/A3:/6;3<53A/6B70/6D/53:=;0/<503?8/:/<;3;7:797>3?@/;//<@7;>/<5/<@3>3?A7>/2/ +, ' (1,<AB993/2//<B;B;>3?@/;//<<E/@30/5/703?79BA@7<@7< "# " /?7>3?@/;//<A3?@30BA03@/?@B2BA4/@3<E//2/:/6 " H 2/<03@/?4/@3<E//2/:/6 " H @367<55/6B0B<5/</<A/?/@B2BA4/@32/<4/@353:=;0/<5<E/2/>/A27AB:7@@30/5/703?79BA H '3?6/A79/< ' ++7A79E/<503?8/?/9" 2/?7A7A79/@/:53A/?/<&A3:/603?53A/?@3:/;/ @39=<;3;7:7974/@3 '/2//D/:53A/?/<E/<5@/;/A7A7903?8/?/9" 2/?7A7A79/@/:53A/?/<&2/<;3;7:7974/@3 32/4/@3A7A792/</2/:/6 "" """ H Tugas Anda 1.3Gelombang air laut merupakangelombang berjalan. Energigelombang air laut ini dapatdigunakan untuk menggerakkangenerator listrik. Bukan hal yangmustahil teknologi ini suatu saatditerapkan di Indonesia. MenurutAnda, kira-kira di daerah lautmanakah teknologi ini dapatditerapkan? Coba Anda diskusikanalasannya bersama teman-teman.Gambar 1.8Titik A yang berjarak x1 dan titikB yang berjarak x2 dari O. Keduatitik memiliki beda fase .yxBx1x2AO$/@767<5/A9/6<2/A3<A/<503<1/<//:/;>/:7<52/6@E/AE/<5;3<7;>/@/B2/?/@/B2/?/97A/271362/<@397A/?<E/>/2/ 3@3;03? &)' (! ,.( '#;3:B:B6:/<A/99/<0B;7136+B5/@<2/1/?7:/67<4=?;/@7;3<53</753:=;0/<5A@B</;7A3?@30BA@3>3?A70/5/7;/</A3?8/27<E//>/>3<E30/0>3<E30/0<E/9/>/<2/<27;/</>3?</6A3?8/27+@B</;72/<7<4=?;/@7:/7<<E/A3<A/<5A@B</;75/?:3076;3</?79A/;0/69/<5/;0/?5/;0/?E/<5?3:3C/<932/:/;AB:7@/<<2/Mari Mencari TahuMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII10Tantanganuntuk AndaSebuah gelombang merambat darisumber S ke kanan dengan laju8 m/s, frekuensi 16 Hz, danamplitudo 4 cm. Gelombangtersebut melalui titik P yangberjarak 192 m dari S. Jika S telahbergetar 114 S dan arah gerakpertamanya ke atas, hitunglahsimpangan titik P pada saat itu.*30B/653:=;0/<5;3?/;0/A93/?/6@B;0B">=@7A7423<5/<93:/8B/<; @4?39B3<@7 F2/</;>:7AB2=53A/? 1; 3:=;0/<5A3?@30BA;3:/:B7A7A79'E/<503?8/?/9 ;2/?7A7A79&!79/A7A79/@/:A3:/603?53A/?@3:/;/ @39=<2/<A7A79&9/:7>3?A/;/03?53A/?23<5/</?/6@7;>/<5/<930/D/6A3<AB9/<:/6/>3?@/;//<@7;>/<5/<53:=;0/<52/:/;03<AB9@7<B@0>3?@/;//<53A/?/<27A7A79'1@B2BA4/@32/<4/@353:=;0/<52@7;>/<5/<27A7A79' 0 793A/6B7!1; @ F 1; @39=</'3?@/;//<@7;>/<5/<53:=;0/<503?8/:/<2/:/;03<AB9@7<B@23<5/<A7A79&" @//A 03?53?/9930/D/62/</?/6?/;0/A<E/93@B;0B">=@7A74/2/:/6#H@7< @7< " " !#H @7< " 0#H @7< #H @7< Contoh 1.5Satuan frekuensi adalah hertz (Hz),diambil dari nama Heinrich Hertz,orang yang pertama kalimendemonstrasikan gelombangradio pada 1886. Satu getaran persekon disebut 1 hertz; dua getaranper sekon dinamakan 2 hertz, danselanjutnya.The unit of frequency is called thehertz (Hz), after Heinrich Hertz, whodemonstrated radio in 1886. Onevibration per second is 1 hertz; twovibrations per second is 2 hertz,and so on.Informasiuntuk AndaInformation for You'3?@/;//<@30B/653:=;0/<503?8/:/<27<E/A/9/<=:36# @7< H "23<5/<"2/<#2/:/;1;2/< 2/:/;@39=<A3<AB9/<//?/6>3?/;0/A/<53:=;0/<5207:/<5/<53:=;0/<50/;>:7AB2=53:=;0/<5313>/A?/;0/A53:=;0/<514?39B3<@753:=;0/<5 0 '3?@/;//<@7;>/<5/<# @7< H "2/>/A27@/;/9/<23<5/<>3?@/;//<#@7<tkx # @7< H " @7< H "3<5/<;3;3?6/A79/<932B/>3?@/;//<A3?@30BA@3;B/>3?A/<E//</9/<A3?8/D/0/+/<2/2/:/;4B<5@7@7<B@<35/A74/?/6>3?/;0/A/<53:=;0/<5939/</<0;>:7AB2= 1;1 9313>/A/<@B2BA ;/9/ F2 2/?7 +, ' (1 >/<8/<553:=;0/<527>3?=:36 1;33>/A?/;0/A53:=;0/<52/>/A27>3?=:362/?7 +, ' (1E/7AB! 1; F 1; @Contoh 1.4Next >