< PreviousTeori Relativitas Khusus251<:ADB76C<;DHDCG:GI96=HIB7I@6C6H6IGI9IH=6B7IF6C;DHDCCM696E6H9>@:H6=I>96F>#I@IB&:@:@6A6C(DB:CHIBE696E:F>GH>K6HIB7I@6CH:FG:7IH (DB:CHIB6K6A(DB:CHIB6@=>F+696GIB7I -9>96E6H@6C 8DG%8DG O+696GIB7I .9>96E6H@6C G>C%G>C G>C%G>C O&6A>@6C$/0 + ,7 96C7 9:C<6C8G:=>C<<69>E:FDA:= O 8DG%8DG O G>C%G>C O&I69F6H@6C$/0 + ,7 96C7 G:=>C<<69>E:FDA:= 8DGO 8DG%8DG O G>C%G>C O A>B>C6G>@6C$/0 + ,7 96C7 G:=>C<<69>96E6H@6C 8DGG>CO 8DG%8DG G>C O 8DG%+696GI7767B:C<:C6>@:G:H6F66CB6GG696C:C:F<> C96H:A6=7:A6?6F76=K6 " 96C " %O 6F>@:9I6E:FG6B66CH:CH6C<:C:F<>F:A6H>J>H6GH:FG:7IH9>96E6H@6C " " % " " " %% " O.:E:FH>H:A6=9>76=6GG:7:AIBCM6:A:@HFDCE696BIA6CM69>6BG:H:A6=9>HIB7I@DA:=;DHDC:A:@HFDC7:F<:F6@9:C<6C:C:F<>@>C:H>@H:FH:CHI :C<6C@6H6A6>CG:76<>6C:C:F<>;DHDCH:A6=7:FI76=B:C?69>:C:F<>@>C:H>@:A:@HFDC O (6@6$/0 + ,7 96E6H9>HIA>G@6CB:C?69>% O O " O O.I7GH>HIG>@6C$/0 + ,7 @:$/0 + ,7 O " O O sin2 + cos 2 = 1IngatlahMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII252 I6E:G6K6H6A;696C7:H67:F<:F6@9:C<6C6F6=7:FA6K6C6C &:A6?I6CE:G6K6H6A;6G:7:G6F 96C@:A6?I6CE:G6K6H7:H6696A6= /:CHI@6CA6=@:A6?I6CE:G6K6H6A;6F:A6H>;H:F=696EE:G6K6H7:H6 .:7I6=E:G6K6HFI6C<6C<@6G67:F<:F6@B:C?6I=> IB>9:C<6C@:8:E6H6C +:G6K6HH:FG:7IHB:C:B76@@6CG:7I6=E:AIFIM6C<6F6=CM6G6B69:C<6C<:F6@CM6 %>@6@:8:E6H6CE:AIFI F:A6H>;H:F=696EE:G6K6H>HIH:CHI@6CA6=@:8:E6H6CF:A6H>;E:AIFI>HIH:F=696E IB> .:DF6C<E:C<6B6H9> IA6CB:A>=6H9I6E:G6K6H6C<@6G6AI6F 96C B:C9:@6H> IA6C96A6B6F6=M6C<7:FA6K6C6CB6G>C< B6G>C<9:C<6C@:A6?I6C 96C 6 :F6E6@6=@:A6?I6C IA6CB:C9:@6H>E:G6K6HB:CIFIHE:C<6B6H96A6BE:G6K6H7 :F6E6@6=@:A6?I6C H:F=696EB:CIFIHE:C<6B6H96A6BE:G6K6H 8 :F6E6@6=@:A6?I6C IA6CB:C9:@6H>E:G6K6H B:CIFIHE:C<6B6H96A6BE:G6K6H 9 :F6E6@6=@:A6?I6C H:F=696E B:CIFIHE:C<6B6H96A6BE:G6K6H :F6E6@:8:E6H6CFD@:HE696G66HE6C?6C<CM6B:B:C9:@ .:7I6=E:G6K6H6CH6F>@G6B:A:K6H> IB>9:C<6C@:A6?I6C+ .:7I6=HDC<@6HM6C<E6C?6C<CM6B9>I@IF9> IB>7:F69696A6BE:G6K6H9:C<6CEDG>G>G:?6?6F9:C<6C6F6=<:F6@E:G6K6H /:CHI@6CE6C?6C<HDC<@6H6 B:CIFIHE:CIBE6C<96A6BE:G6K6H7 B:CIFIHE:C<6B6HM6C<9>6B9> IB> .:7I6=E:G6K6HH:F76C<7:F<:F6@9:C<6C@:8:E6H6C B G .:H:A6=7:F6E6=6F>@6=B:CIFIH?6B9> IB>@:9I6?6B9> IB>96C9>E:G6K6H7:F7:96 OG:@DC"IC6@6CE:C9:@6H6C O-# O#- I6DF6C<@:B76F 96C 7:FIBIFH6=IC9> IB> 7:F6C<@6H@:7>CH6C< A;6 :CH6IF>M6C<?6I=CM6@6A>H6=IC86=6M6 H6=IC86=6M6?6F6@M6C<9>H:BEI=86=6M6G:A6B6 H6=IC9:C<6C@:8:E6H6C .:H:A6=>HI @:B76A>@: IB> :F6E6@6=IBIF@:9I6DF6C<>HIG:H:A6=B:F:@67:FH:BI .I6HI:A:@HFDC9>E:F8:E6H9:C<6C7:96EDH:CG>6A (:1 :F6E6@6=@:8:E6H6CM6C<9>E:FDA:=CM6BI6H6C:A:@HFDC& P O 8DIADB796CB6GG6:A:@HFDC" P O @<Tes Kompetensi Subbab B$/( ) ,* &. # !2)2* 1'& ,8DG" O O8DGO 6<>$/0 + ,7 9:C<6C G:=>C<<69>E:FDA:= " O O8DG*A:=@6F:C6B6@6 " O8DG6H6I " O8DGO%69>E:F>GH>K6:;:@ DBEHDCB:FIE6@6CG6A6=G6HI7I@H>H:CH6C<@DCG:E9I6A>GB:<:ADB76C<E6FH>@:A96CH:DF>F:A6H>J>H6G@=IGIG Kata Kunci•relativitas khusus•transformasi Lorentz•kontraksi Lorentz•dilatasi Lorentz•dilatasi waktu•momentum relativitas•massa diam•kesetaraan massa dan energi•reaksi fusi•reaksi fisiRangkuman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eori Relativitas Khusus253 &DCHF6@G>'DF:CHN9>FIBIG@6C9:C<6C + >A6H6G>K6@HI9>FIBIG@6C9:C<6C ))+9>B6C6 )) (6GG6F:A6H>J>GH>@9>FIBIG@6C9:C<6C ""+ (DB:CHIB96CB6GG6F:A6H>J>GH>@9>FIBIG@6C9:C<6C "+%+ C:F<>@>C:H>@9>FIBIG@6C9:C<6C " """+B:B76=6GB:B76=6GM6>HIPeta Konsep $-/' $* 1'3'1 0&2020/F6CG;DFB6G>"6A>A:D+DGHIA6H-:A6H>J>H6G >CGH:>C/F6CG;DFB6G>'DF:CHN/F6CG;DFB6G>&:8:E6H6C-:A6H>J>H6G&=IGIG+F>CG>E-:A6H>J>H6G&=IGIG&DCHF6@G>+6C?6C< >A6H6G>26@HI @GE:F>B:C(>8=:AGDC (DFA:M@:G>BEIA6CCM6 H:FH>96@6969>6A6B>C>(DB:CHIB-:A6H>J>GH>@(6GG6-:A6H>J>GH>@ C:F<> >6B " C:F<>/DH6A " C:F<>&>C:H>@ :C96 O Setelah mempelajari bab ini, tentu Anda telahmemahami bahwa gerak bersifat relatif. Anda juga tentutelah memahami teori relativitas Einstein dan pengaruh-nya terhadap besaran panjang, waktu, kecepatan danmassa benda. Dari keseluruhan materi yang ada padabab ini, bagian manakah yang menurut Anda sulitRefleksidipahami? Coba Anda diskusikan bersama teman atauguru Fisika Anda.Selain Anda mengetahui teori relativitas khusus,coba Anda cari manfaat lain mempelajari materi bab ini.Kemudian, diskusikan hasilnya bersama teman Anda.B:C<6@>76H@6CMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII254Tes Kompetensi Bab 9'*'&* &0 * &0 12( 4 ! ,5 ,%. *',%!$, / 6F>7:G6F6C 7:G6F6C7:F>@IH>C>M6C<=6F<6CM6G:A6AIG6B6ICHI@G:BI6@:F6C<@668I6CE:C<6B6H6C696A6= 6 @:8:E6H6C7:C967 @:A6?I6C7:C968 @:8:E6H6C86=6M69 E6C?6C<7:C96: B6GG67:C96 .6A6=G6HIEDGHIA6H >CGH:>C96A6BH:DF>F:A6H>J>H6G696A6= 6 =I@IB =I@IB):KHDCH:H6E7:FA6@IICHI@7:C96M6C<B:B>A>@>@:8:E6H6CB:C9:@6H>@:8:E6H6C86=6M67 @:8:E6H6C7:C9696E6HA:7>=7:G6F96F>@:8:E6H6C86=6M68 @:8:E6H6C7:C967:G6FCM6BIHA6@H>96@7:F<6CHIC<E696E:C<6B6HCM69 @:8:E6H6C86=6M67:G6FCM6BIHA6@H>96@7:F<6CHIC<E696E:C<6B6HCM6: @:8:E6H6C7:C96B:C:CHI@6C7:G6FCM6B6GG67:C96 %>@6A6?IE6FH>@:A E:F76C9>C<6CF:A6H>J>GH>@H:F=696EB6GG69>6BCM6696A6= 6 9 7 : 8 &:8:E6H6CE:G6K6H B G96C@:8:E6H6CE:G6K6H B G 7:F<:F6@G:6F6=9:C<6C 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H6=IC86=6M68 H6=IC86=6M69 H6=IC86=6M6: H6=IC86=6M6&:H:F6C<6C%6F6@G6HIH6=IC86=6M6696A6=GI6HI?6F6@?>@69>H:BEI=DA:=86=6M6B:B7IHI=@6CK6@HIG6HIH6=IC6H6I?6F6@ H6=IC86=6M6P B GP H6=ICP B G PP 9:H>@P BP @B I6E:G6K6H6CH6F>@G6+96C,7:F<:F6@7:FA6K6C6C6F6= .:DF6C<E:C<6B6H9> IB>B:C<I@IF@:A6?I6CE:G6K6H+G:7:G6F 896C@:A6?I6CE:G6K6H,G:7:G6F 8 /:CHI@6CA6=@:A6?I6CE:G6K6H+F:A6H>;H:F=696EE:G6K6H, /:CHI@6CA6=@:A6?I6CG:7I6=E6FH>@:AG:=>C<<6:C:F<>@>C:H>@CM6G6B69:C<6C:C:F<>9>6BCM6 .:7I6=EFDHDCB6GG69>6BCM6 P O@<7:F<:F6@G:=>C<<6B6GG6F:A6H>J>GH>@CM6B:C?69> @6A>B6GG69>6BCM6 :F6E6@6=:C:F<>@>C:H>@EFDHDCH:FG:7IH :F6E6@DCHF6@G>E:B:C9:@6C'DF:CHN96F>9>6B :H:F IB>M6C<9>I@IFDA:=G:DF6C<E:C<6B6HM6C<9>6BH:F=696E(6H6=6F>?>@6@:8:E6H6CDF7>HP B G96C9>6B:H:F IB> @B +:HIC?I@<IC6@6CE:C9:@6H6C -# #- #>HIC<A6=BDB:CHIB7:C96M6C<B6GG6CM6@<96C7:F<:F6@9:C<6C@:8:E6H6CP BG #>HIC<@:8:E6H6C:A:@HFDC?>@6:C:F<>@>C:H>@CM6(:1 " P O @< .:7:F@6G86=6M69>E6C86F@6C96F>G:7I6=E:G6K6HM6C<7:F<:F6@9:C<6C@:A6?I6CH:H6E 8G:6F6=9:C<6C6F6=<:F6@E:G6K6H :F6E6@6=@:A6?I6C86=6M6>HI9>6B6H>96F> IB>6 B:CIFIH=I@IB):KHDC96C7 B:CIFIHH:DF>F:A6H>J>H6G >CGH:>C %6F6@9I67I6=H:BE6H+96C,9>6C<@6G6AI6F696A6=' .:7I6=E:G6K6H6CH6F>@G696E6HB:C:BEI=?6F6@>HI9:C<6C@:A6?I6CH:H6E 96A6BK6@HI G:@DC 6 /:CHI@6CA6=?6F6@+96C,H:FG:7IHM6C<G:7:C6FCM696A6BG6HI6C@B 7 %>@6E:G6K6HA6>CM6C<7:F<:F6@9:C<6C@:A6?I6C 96A6BK6@HI7:F6E69:H>@9>H:BEI=?6F6@6CH6F6+96C,H:FG:7IH8 (:CIFIHE:G6K6HE:FH6B67:F6E6@6=?6F6@6CH6F6+96C,H:FG:7IH96A6B@B 969I6DF6C<6C6@@:B76F 96C /:E6HE696G66H7:FIG>6 H6=IC E:F<>B:C>C<<6A@6C IB>9:C<6CG:7I6=E:G6K6HM6C<B:B>A>@>@:A6?I6C B:CI?IG:7I6=EA6C:H9>AI6FH6H6GIFM6>C> &:BI9>6C @:B76A>A6<>@: IB> +696G66H>HI G:96C<B:F6M6@6CIA6C<H6=ICM6C<@: (:CIFIH IG>6B:F:@67I@6C H6=IC :F6E6H6=ICIG>6B:F:@6B:CIFIH +6C?6C<G:7I6=HDC<@6H9> IB>696A6=B :F6E6E6C?6C<HDC<@6HH:FG:7IH?>@69>I@IFDA:=E:C<6B6HM6C<7:F69696A6BE:G6K6H6CH6F>@G6M6C<G:96C<7:F<:F6@9:C<6C@:A6?I6C6 7 8 Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas257257•menganalisis karakteristik inti atom dan radioaktivitas;•mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan radiokativitas dalam kehidupan sehari-haridan teknologi untuk kesejahteraan manusia.Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda harus mampu:menunjukkan penerapan konsep Fisika inti dan radioaktivitas dalam teknologi dankehidupan sehari-hari.Hasil yang harus Anda capai:Fisika Inti danRadioaktivitasA.Inti AtomB.RadioaktivitasC.Reaksi IntiD.Reaktor Nuklir, BomNuklir, danRadioisotop&?IJH?AC;HKF7A7DI;IK7JKN7D=I7D=7JF;DJ?D=:7B7CA;>?:KF7DCE:;HDI;A7H7D=?D? "7CF?HI;BKHK>7AJ?L?J7IC7DKI?7C;C8KJK>A7D;D;H=?B?IJH?A &?IJH?A:?FHE:KAI?:7H?F;C87D=A?JF;C87D=A?JJ;D7=7B?IJH?A ?#D:ED;I?7F;C87D=A?JB?IJH?A87DN7AN7D=8;H87>7D87A7HIEB7HM7B7KFKD7:7I;87=?7DA;9?BN7D=C;C7D<77JA7D7?HI;87=7?F;D==;H7AJKH8?D *;HC7I7B7>7DN7D=J?C8KB7:7B7>IEB7HJ;HC7IKAIKC8;H:7N77B7CN7D=J?:7A:7F7J:?F;H87>7HK?I;>?D==7IK7JKI77JF7IJ?7A7D>78?I $?A7>7B?D?J;H@7:?D;=7H7A?J77A7D8;H7:7:7B7CAH?I?I;D;H=? -7B7>I7JKIEBKI?N7D=:?J7M7HA7D7:7B7>C;C87D=KD*&.(*;C87D=A?J&?IJH?A.;D7=7(KAB?H F7A7>D:7J7>K87=7?C7D797H7DN7KH7D?KC7J7KFBKJED?KC:?K87>C;D@7:?;D;H=?B?IJH?A%;D:7B7N7D=:?>7:7F?7:7B7>C7I?>87DN7AF?>7AN7D=C;D;DJ7D=A;8;H7:77D*&.( F7A7>D:7J7>K7B7I7DC;H;A7*7:7878?D?D:77A7DC;CF;B7@7H?J;DJ7D=?DJ?7JEC8;H?AKJH;7AI?H;7AI?N7D=J;H@7:?:?:7B7CDN7:7CF7AFEI?J?<:7D:7CF7AD;=7J?<F;D=;C87D=7D;D;H=?DKAB?H Pembangunan PLTN merupakan salah satu solusi timbulnya krisis energi yangsuatu saat akan dialami penduduk Bumi.Bab10Sumber: Energy: Technology and Development, 1995Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII258A.Inti Atom-;F;HJ?N7D=IK:7>D:7F;B7@7H?F7:7 787JECJ;H:?H?7J7IF7HJ?A;BF7HJ?A;B;B;C;DJ;HN7?JK?DJ?7JEC:7D;B;AJHED #DJ?7JECJ;H:?H?7J7IFHEJED:7DD;KJHED *7HJ?A;BF7HJ?A;B;B;C;DJ;H?D?C;C?B?A?C7II7N7D=I7D=7JA;9?BI;>?D==7I7JK7DN7D=:?=KD7A7D8KA7DB7>A?BE=H7C7J7K=H7CC;B7?DA7DI7JK7DC7II77JECN7D=:?:;<?D?I?A7DI;87=7?I;F;H:K78;B7IA7B?C7II7I7JK7JEC IC7 QC7II7I7JK7JEC IC7 Q P A= IC7 ';0 ;H:7I7HA7DCE:;B7JEC E>H7JECJ;H:?H?7J7I?DJ?7JECN7D=8;HCK7J7DFEI?J?<:7D;B;AJHEDN7D=8;HCK7J7DD;=7J?< B;AJHED8;H=;H7A8;HFKJ7HC;D=;B?B?D=??DJ? /DJKAC;D=;J7>K?I?<7JI?<7JIK7JK?DJ?:?F;HBKA7DF;D=;J7>K7DJ;DJ7D=C7II7IK7JK7JECN7D=:7F7J:?KAKH:;D=7DIF;AJHEC;J;HC7II7 1.Hipotesis Proton Elektron'7II7IK7JK7JEC8KA7DB7>C;HKF7A7DC7II7?DJ?N7D=J;HB?>7JDN7J7C;B7?DA7DC7II77JECD;JH7B '7II7IK7JK7JEC@K=7C;D97AKFC7II7;B;AJHEDN7D=8;H=;H7AC;D=;B?B?D=??DJ? )B;>A7H;D7I7JK7DC7II7A?BE=H7CJ;HB7BK8;I7HKDJKAKAKH7DC7II7IK7JK7JECI;97H7AEDL;DI?ED7B:?J;J7FA7DI7JK7DC7II77JEC*&$ $))+% *7CK 7CK IC7 Q P A= 7H?F;D=KAKH7DJ;H>7:7FC7II7IK7JK7JECJ;HDN7J7J?:7AI;CK7KDIKHC;C?B?A?C7II7N7D=I7C7M7BKFKD@;D?IDN7I7C7 /DIKHKDIKH?D?B7>N7D=:?I;8KJ )&*&' -7B7>I7JK9EDJE>?IEJEFN7D=F7B?D=I;:;H>7D77:7B7>>?:HE=;D '7II77JEC>?:HE=;D7:7B7>8;HJKHKJJKHKJ IC7 IC7:7D IC7N7D=I;97H78;HKHKJ7D:?8;H?D7C7 (& % +*( +$:7D*( * +$ #DJ?JH?J?KC:?I;8KJJH?JED?DJ?:;KJ;H?KC:?I;8KJ:;KJHEDI;:7D=A7D?IEJEFN7D=F7B?D=H?D=7D:?I;8KJFHEJEDN7D=C;C?B?A?C7II77JEC IC7 $?A7:?B?>7J?DJ?7JEC>7H=7DN7I;B7BKC;D:;A7J?A;B?F7J7D8?B7D=7D8KB7J:7H?C7II77JEC>?:HE=;DN7AD? IC7 7H?9EDJE>J;HI;8KJ7JEC:;KJH?KCC;C?B?A?C7II7A?H7A?H7 A7B?C7II7FHEJED?DJ?>?:HE=;DI;:7D=A7DC7II7JH?J?KCA?H7A?H7A7B?C7II7FHEJED %;DN7J77D?D?F7:7CKB7DN7C;B7>?HA7DIK7JK7D==7F7D87>M7?DJ?7JECJ;H:?H?:7H?I;@KCB7>7JEC>?:HE=;DN7D=I7B?D=C;D=?A7J A7DJ;J7F?:7H?F;D;B?J?7DB;8?>B7D@KJJ;HDN7J787>M7C7II7?DJ?I;B7BKB;8?>8;I7H:7H?F7:7C7II77JEC>?:HE=;D -;87=7?9EDJE>7JECI;D=DECEH7JECDN7 D7CKDI;CK7?IEJEFDN78;HC7II7B;8?>:7H?:K7A7B? 7JEC>?:HE=;D %;DN7J77D?D?C;DN;878A7DJ?C8KBDN7IK7JK:K=77D87>M7;B;AJHEDCKD=A?D:7F7J8;H7:7:?:7B7C?DJ?:7D"+(+2;33+36+2'0'8/1549+6/9/1'4:/*'4!'*/5'1:/</:'91+80'1'42'.95'295'2(+8/1;:*'2'3(;1;2':/.'4Tes Kompetensi Awal F7N7D=:?C7AIK::;D=7DDECEH7JEC:7DDECEHC7II7 F7N7D=:?C7AIK::;D=7D?IEJEF?IE87H:7D?IEJED ;H?A7D9EDJE>?IEJEF F7N7D=:?C7AIK::;D=7DF;BKHK>7D F7N7D=:?C7AIK::;D=7DH;7AI?<KI?:7DH;7AI?<?I? F78;:7DN7H;7AI?DKAB?H:7DH;7AI?A?C?7Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas259C;D;JH7BA7D8;8;H7F78K7>FHEJED #D?B7>N7D=:?I;8KJ:;D=7D '&* ) )'(&*&% # "*(&% "?FEJ;I?I?D?@K=7:?:KAKD=EB;>IK7JKA;DN7J77D87>M7I?D7H8;J7N7D=:?F7D97HA7DEB;>IK7JK?DJ?7:7B7>F7HJ?A;BN7D=C7II7:7DCK7J7DDN7I7C7:;D=7D;B;AJHED 2.Hipotesis Proton-Neutron*7:7 :K7EH7D=7>B? ?I?A7:7H?$;HC7D8;HD7C7&5:.+:7D+)1+8C;D;CKA7DIK7JK=;@7B7N7D=C;D@7:?J?J?AJ;H7D=:7B7CC;D=KD=A7FA7DH7>7I?7?DJ?7JEC ';B7BK?F;H9E877DDN7A;:K77>B??D?C;D;C87A?A;F?D=8;H?B?KC:;D=7DF7HJ?A;B7B<7N7D=:?F;HEB;>:7H?I7CF;BFEBED?KC *;D;C87A7D?D?J;HDN7J7C;D=>7I?BA7DF7D97H7DH7:?7I?N7D=:7F7JC;D;C8KI87>7D87>7D:;D=7DCK:7>A7H;D7H7:?7I?J?:7A8;HCK7J7D 5:.+:7D+)1+8C;D=7D==7FH7:?7I??D?8;HKF7I?D7H=7CC7 (7CKDJ;H:7F7JF;H8;:77D7DJ7H7:7N7J;C8KII?D7H?D?:;D=7D:7N7J;C8KII?D7H=7CC7 *7:7 '3+9.'*=/)1 P C;D=KIKBA7DIK7JK>?FEJ;I?IJ;DJ7D=IJHKAJKH?DJ?7JEC8;H:7I7HA7DF7:7>7I?BF;H9E877D&5:.+:7D+)1+8 ';DKHKJ.'*=/)1H7:?7I?N7D=:?F7D97HA7DEB;>A;F?D=8;H?B?KC7:7B7>IK7JKF7HJ?A;BN7D=J?:7A8;HCK7J7DD;JH7BN7D=:?D7C7A7DD;KJHEDI;HJ7C7CFKC;D;C8KI87>7D87>7D:;D=7DCK:7> (;KJHEDC;C?B?A?C7II7N7D=>7CF?HI7C7:;D=7DFHEJED:7DC;C;HBKA7D;D;H=?I;8;I7H';0KDJKA:7F7JC;D=;BK7HA7DD;KJHED:7H?A;F?D=8;H?B?KC -?D7H=7CC7C;C;HBKA7D;D;H=?I;8;I7H';0KDJKAC;D?C8KBA7D;<;AN7D=I7C7:;D=7DD;KJHED "7I?B;AIF;H?C;DC;DKD@KAA7D87>M7D;KJHED8KA7DB7>F7HJ?A;BN7D=IJ78?B@?A78;H7:7:?BK7H?DJ?7JEC (;KJHEDC;BKHK>I;97H7H7:?E7AJ?<C;D@7:?FHEJED;B;AJHED:7D?DJ?D;KJHED:;D=7DKCKHH7J7H7J7 C;D?J "7I?BF;H9E877DC;DKD@KAA7DC7II7D;KJHEDI;8;I7H IC77J7KI7C7:;D=7D Q P A= *HEJED:7DD;KJHED7A>?HDN7:?J;H?C7I;87=7?F7HJ?A;B:7I7HN7D=C;C8;DJKA?DJ?7JEC %;:K7DN7:?I;8KJDKAB;ED 3.Partikel Penyusun Inti$KCB7>DKAB;EDN7D=J;H:7F7J:?:7B7C?DJ?IK7JK7JEC:?B7C87D=A7D:;D=7D:7D:?D7C7A7DDECEHC7II7 :7FKD@KCB7>FHEJED:?B7C87D=A7DN7D=8;H7HJ?DECEH7JEC $7:?I;8K7>?DJ?7JEC:7F7J:?B7C87D=A7DI;87=7?8;H?AKJ 2 P %;J;H7D=7DDECEHC7II7@KCB7>D;KJHED:7DFHEJED2B7C87D=KDIKHDECEH7JEC@KCB7>D;KJHED1.;DJKA7D@KCB7>FHEJEDD;KJHED:7DDECEHC7II7:7H?7JEC '='( ?A;J7>K?JEC8EHED J;H:?H?:7H?FHEJEDDECEH7JEC:7D DECEHC7II7 $7:?@KCB7>D;KJHEDDN7 PD;KJHEDContoh 10.1Eksperimen Rutherford menyatakanbahwa inti atom memiliki diametersekitar 10–15 sampai 10–14 m. Dariteori kinetik dan khususnya analisisEinstein tentang gerak Browman,diameter atom memiliki ukuransekitar 10–10 m. Itu artinya elektronakan terlihat berjarak sekitar 10.000sampai 100.000 kali lipat ukuran intidiukur dari inti atom tersebut (jikainti diibaratkan bola baseball, atomakan memiliki diameter seukurankota yang berdiameter beberapakilometer). Jadi, sebuah atomsebagian besar berupa ruangkosong.Rutherford’s experiments suggestedthat the nucleus must have a radiusof about 10–5 to 10–14 m. From kinetictheory, and especially Einstein’sanalysis of Browman movement, theradius of atoms was estimated to beabout 10–10 m. Thus the electronswould seem to be at a distance fromthe nucleus of about 10,000 to 100,000times the radius of the nucleus itself(if the nucleus were the size of abaseball, the atom would have thediameter of a big city severalkilometers across). So an atom wouldbe mostly empty space.Informasiuntuk AndaInformation for YouMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII260*7:7I;8K7>7JECD;JH7B@KCB7>;B;AJHED;B;AJHEDN7D=C;D=EH8?J:?I;A;B?B?D=?DJ?7JECI7C7:;D=7D@KCB7>DECEHC7II7 )B;>A7H;D7?JKCK7J7DF7:7;B;AJHEDI7C7J;J7F?8;HB7M7D7DJ7D:7:;D=7DCK7J7DI;8K7>FHEJED -?<7JI?<7JKJ7C7IK7JK7JEC:?J;DJKA7DEB;>@KCB7>;B;AJHEDDN7 $7:?C;D;DJKA7D@;D?I7JECDN7 #D:;AIN7D=:?87=?7D87M7>A7:7D=A7:7D=J?:7A:?JKB?II;>?D==7?DJ?:?JKB?I ( (KAB?:7:7F7J:?AB7I?<?A7I?A7D8;H:7I7HA7DA;IJ78?B7D:7DA;F7:7J7DDN7:?7B7CI;HJ78;H:7I7HA7DA;I7C77D:7D ;H:7I7HA7DA;IJ78?B7DDN7DKAB?:7J;H87=?C;D@7:?DKAB?:7IJ78?B:7DH7:?EDKAB?:7 7 (KAB?:7IJ78?BN7?JKDKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?:7DJ;J7F9EDJE> 8 ,7:?EDKAB?:7N7?JKDKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?:7DN7D=:7F7J8;HK87> (KAB?:7?D?J?:7AIJ78?B:7DI;97H7IFEDJ7DC;BKHK>C;D@7:?DKAB?:7B7?D ,7:?EDKAB?:7J;H:?H?7J7IH7:?EDKAB?:77JECFH?C;HH7:?EDKAB?:77JECI;AKD:;HH7:?EDKAB?:77JECJ;HI?;H:7DH7:?EDKAB?H ;H:7I7HA7D@KCB7>:7DDKAB?:7:7F7J:?=EBED=A7DC;D@7:??IEJEF?IEJED?IE87H:7D?IEC;H 7 #IEJEFN7?JK@KCB7>DKAB?:7DKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?I7C7J;J7F?8;H8;:79EDJE>DN7 8 #IEJEDN7?JKDKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?@KCB7>D;KJHEDI7C7J;J7F?DECEHC7II78;H8;:79EDJE>DN7 ( 9 #IE87HN7?JKDKAB?:7DKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?I7C7J;J7F?8;H8;:7 (KAB?:7?D?KCKCDN7C;HKF7A7DDKAB?:7DKAB?:79;HC?D : #IEC;H?DJ?N7?JKDKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?:7DI7C7I;HJ7I?<7JA?C?7N7D=I7C7J;J7F?J?D=A7J;D;H=?DN78;H8;:7 EDJE> -C;C?B?A?J?=7?IEC;HN7?JK C C -8-8-8 *;H>7J?A7D'3('8 /DJKA7JEC>?:HE=;D8?7I7:?JKB?I " ?I?D?DECEH7JEC:7DDECEHC7II7I7C7A7H;D7J?:7AJ;H:7F7JD;KJHED #DJ?7JECN7D=J;H:?H?7J7IFHEJED:7DD;KJHED:7F7JC;D;H7D=A7DA;7:77D?IEJEF 4.Stabilitas Inti-J78?B?J7I?DJ?7JEC8;H=7DJKD=A;F7:7@KCB7>FHEJED:7D@KCB7>D;KJHED '3('8 C;CF;HB?>7JA7D>K8KD=7D7DJ7H7@KCB7>D;KJHEDPJ;H>7:7F@KCB7>FHEJEDKDJKAI;CK7DKAB?:7?DJ?7JEC8;I;HJ7?IEJEFDN787?AKDJKA?DJ?IJ78?BC7KFKD?DJ?J7AIJ78?B:;D=7DF;H87D:?D=7D /DJKA?DJ?7JECN7D=IJ78?B8;HB7AK>7B>7B8;H?AKJ 7 #DJ??DJ?7JECN7D=F7B?D=H?D=7DC;C?B?A?@KCB7>FHEJED:7DD;KJHEDN7D=>7CF?HI7C7 8 #DJ?7JECN7D=B;8?>8;H7JC;C;HBKA7DB;8?>87DN7AD;KJHED:7H?F7:7FHEJED #DJ?7JECN7D=F7B?D=8;H7JC;C?B?A?@KCB7>D;KJHEDI;A?J7H 7J7K B;8?>87DN7A 9 %;87DN7A7D:7H??DJ?7JEC?JKC;C?B?A?@KCB7>FHEJED:7DD;KJHED8;HKF78?B7D=7D=;D7F EDJE>DN7F7HJ?A;B7B<7:K7D;KJHED:7D:K7FHEJEDC;C8;DJKAAEC8?D7I?N7D=I7D=7JIJ78?B Gambar 10.1Isotop hidrogenGambar 10.2Diagram kestabilan inti (N-Z)Z = Nhidrogenbiasadeuteriumtritiumprotonneutronelektron14013012010090807060504030201009080706050403020100Nomor proton (Z)Nomor neutron (N)Sumber: Konsep Fisika Modern, 1983Next >