< PreviousFisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas2716.Pengukuran Radioaktivitas-?D7HN7D=:?F7D97HA7DEB;>KDIKHH7:?E7AJ?<J?:7A:7F7J:?H7I7A7DEB;>C7DKI?7 /DJKA?JK:?F;HBKA7D7B7JN7D=:7F7JC;D=KAKH:7DC;D:;J;AI?A;7AJ?<7DIK7JKKDIKH7J7KKDJKAC;D=;J7>K?7:7:7DJ?:7ADN7I?D7HI?D7HH7:?E7AJ?< -?D7HN7D=:?F7D97HA7DEB;>?DJ?KDIKHH7:?E7AJ?<:7F7JC;D=?EDA7D7JEC:7H?O7JO7JN7D=:?B7BK?DN7 B7JKDJKAC;D:;J;AI?:7DC;D=KAKHA;7AJ?<7DIK7JKKDIKH:?8K7J8;H:7I7HA7DI?<7JJ;HI;8KJ ;8;H7F77B7J:;J;AI?I?D7HH7:?E7AJ?<7:7B7>;CKBI?<?BCFEJH;JF;D9797>!;?=;H'KBB;HA7C7HA78KJ1?BIED:7DI?DJ?B7JEH a.Emulsi Film Potret-?D7HN7D=:?F7D97HA7DEB;>KDIKHH7:?E7AJ?<C;D=?EDA7DB7F?I7D;CKBI?I;F7D@7D=B?DJ7I7DN7D=:?B7BK?DN7:?7J7IF;HCKA77D<?BCFEJH;J $?A7<?BCFEJH;J?JK:?9K9?:7D:?9;J7AB?DJ7I7DI?D7HH7:?E7AJ?<:7F7J:?B?>7J:7D:?KAKH b.Pencacah Geiger-Muller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c.Kamar Kabut Wilson%7C7HA78KJ1?BIED7:7B7>7B7JKDJKAC;B?>7J:7DC;CEJH;JB?DJ7I7DF7HJ?A;B7B<7N7D=C;B7BK?=7I B7J?JKJ;H:?H?7J7II?B?D:;HJ;HJKJKF:;D=7DF?IJED8;H?I?K:7H78;H97CFKHK7F7?H@;DK>7J7KD?JHE=;D *;H>7J?A7D'3('8 *7:7:?D:?D=87=?7D:7B7C:?B;J7AA7DKDIKHH7:?E7AJ?< *7HJ?A;B7B<7N7D=:?F7D97HA7DEB;>KDIKH?JK7A7DC;D=?EDA7DCEB;AKBCEB;AKB=7I:?:7B7CI?B?D:;H -;C;DJ7H7?JKF?IJED:?J7H?AA;BK7HI;>?D==7K7F@;DK>J7:?7A7DC;D:?D=?DI;97H7J?87J?87I;>?D==78KJ?H8KJ?HK7F7?H:?:7B7CI?B?D:;HC;D@7:?@;DK> #ED?EDN7D=J;H8;DJKAI;F7D@7D=B?DJ7I7DF7HJ?A;B7B<7C;D7H?A8KJ?H8KJ?HK7F7?H:7D:7F7J:?B?>7J7J7K:?FEJH;J@?A7=7I:?:7B7CI?B?D:;H:?IEHEJ:;D=7D97>7N7B7CFK Gambar 10.15Pencacah Geiger-MullerGambar 10.16Bagian-bagian alatpencacah Geiger-Muller103 V–+jendela tipisgaskawat elektrode(anode)tabung darilogam (katode)isolator–+Gambar 10.17Kamar kabut Wilsonuapjejak ionsumberradioaktif (R)cahayakepinggelaspengisap (P)Sumber: Conceptual Physics, 1998Sumber: Physics for Scientist andEngineers, 2000Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII272d.Sintilator (Detektor Sintilasi)*H?DI?FA;H@7I?DJ?B7JEH) %* ##* &%&+%* (8;H:7I7HA7D<BKEH;I;DI?O7JN7D=:?J?C8KBA7DEB;>I?D7HH7:?E7AJ?< -?D7HH7:?E7AJ?<:?@7JK>A7DA;F;HCKA77DB7N7H<BKEH;I;DI? 7>7N7N7D=:?F7D97HA7DEB;>B7N7H<BKEH;I;DI?:?@7JK>A7DA;7J7IF;HCKA77DBE=7CI;>?D==7F;HCKA77DBE=7CJ;HI;8KJC;D=;BK7HA7D;B;AJHED %;CK:?7D;B;AJHEDJ;HI;8KJ:?@7JK>A7DA;C87B?A;7J7IF;HCKA77DBE=7CA;:K7 &E=7CA;:K7C;D=;BK7HA7D;B;AJHEDB;8?>87DN7A:7H?F7:7;B;AJHEDN7D=A;BK7H:7H?F;HCKA77DBE=7CF;HJ7C7 %;F?D=A;F?D=BE=7CN7D=:7F7JC;B?F7J=7D:7A7D;B;AJHEDJ;H:7F7J:?:7B7CI;8K7>7B7JN7D=:?I;8KJ<EJECKBJ?FB?;H' &*&$+#* '# ( EJECKBJ?FB?;H7:7B7>7B7JKDJKAC;CF;HAK7JFKBI77HKIB?IJH?A HKIB?IJH?AJ;HI;8KJ8;H7I7B:7H?J;C87A7DI?D7HH7:?E7AJ?<:?7J7IB7N7H<BKEH;I;DI? *KBI77HKIB?IJH?AA;CK:?7D:?I7BKHA7DA;7B7JF;D97J7JI;F;HJ?F;D=;H7IIK7H7C;J;HIA7B7:7DB7?DB7?D Gambar 10.18Diagram sintilator yang dilengkapidengan fotomultiplier -K7JK87>7DC;C?B?A?"0&9C $?A7J;87B87>7D9C8;H7F7?DJ;DI?J7II?D7HH7:?E7AJ?<N7D=:?I;H7FEB;>87>7DJ;HI;8KJ -;IK:7> @7CI;F;H;D7C8;B7I87=?7DIK7JKKDIKHH7:?E7AJ?<C7I?>J;HI?I7 "?JKD=M7AJKF7HK>KDIKHJ;HI;8KJ -;8K7><EI?BJKB7D=8?D7J7D=:?J;CKA7DEB;>I;EH7D=7HA;EBE= -;J;B7>:?J;B?J?J;HDN7J7C;D=7D:KD=I?I7A7H8ED I;8;I7H :?87D:?D=A7DA7H8ED F7:7JKB7D=8?D7J7D=N7D=C7I?>>?:KF $?A7M7AJKF7HK>A7H8EDP ?JK J7>KDJ;DJKA7DKCKH<EI?B?JK '7II7KDIKH KH7:?E7AJ?<N7D=C;BKHK>7:7B7>Q PA= $?A77AJ?L?J7IKDIKHH7:?E7AJ?<?JK Q GJ;DJKA7D8;I7HAEDIJ7DJ7F;BKHK>7DDN7 *;H>7J?A7DH;7AI?F;BKHK>7D8;H?AKJ //*7.;DJKA7DF7HJ?A;B:7D N7D=:?F7D97HA7D 7 -K7JKKDIKHH7:?E7AJ?<C;C?B?A?M7AJKF7HK> C;D?J "?JKD=AEDIJ7DJ7F;BKHK>7DDN7 8 $?A7AEDIJ7DJ7F;BKHK>7DIK7JK87>7DH7:?E7AJ?< @ PA;@7:?7D I;AED8;H7F7A7>M7AJKF7HK>DN7 17AJKF7HK>:7H?H7:ED>7H? ;H7F7M7AJKN7D=:?F;HBKA7D7=7HJ;HI?I7 :7H?CKB7CKB7partikel datangfotonkristal sintilasipulsa keluaranfotomultiplierfotokatode+400 V+800 V+1200 V+1600 V+200 V+600 V+1000 V+1400 VTes Kompetensi Subbab B +80'1'42'.6'*'(;1;2':/.'4C.Reaksi Inti!;@7B7H7:?E7AJ?<7:7B7>7AJ?L?J7IIK7JK?DJ?C;D@7:??DJ?B7?D *7D97H7DI?D7H>7DN7C;D=KH7D=?DKAB;ED:7B7C?DJ?:;D=7D:K7FHEJED:7D:K7D;KJHED :7FKDF7D97H7DI?D7H>7DN7C;D=K87>I7JKD;KJHED:7B7C?DJ?C;D@7:?FHEJED )H7D=F;HJ7C7N7D=C;D=7C7J?H;7AI??DJ?7:7B7>84+9:!;:.+8,58* *7:7 !;:.+8,58*C;CF;B7@7H?=;@7B7JKC8KA7D7DJ7HF7HJ?A;B:;D=7D7JEC7JEC=7ID?JHE=;D :7DC;D?C8KBA7DIK7JKH;7AI?N7D=:?I;8KJDN7H;7AI??DJ? "7I?BH;7AI??DJ?:?JKB?I:;D=7D ";()"*;H>7J?A7D87>M7@KCB7>DECEH7JEC:7D@KCB7>DECEHC7II7HK7IA?H?I7C7:;D=7D@KCB7>DECEH7JEC:7DDECEHC7II7HK7IA7D7D $KCB7>DECEH7JECI;8;BKCH;7AI? $KCB7>DECEH7JECI;IK:7>H;7AI? $KCB7>DECEHC7II7I;8;BKCH;7AI? $KCB7>DECEHC7II7I;IK:7>H;7AI? Sumber: Physics for Scientist and Engineers, 2000Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas273Pada setiap reaksi inti selalu berlaku hukum kekekalan berikut ini. "KAKC%;A;A7B7D'EC;DJKCN7?JK@KCB7>CEC;DJKCI;8;BKC:7DI;IK:7>JKC8KA7D7:7B7>I7C7 "KAKC%;A;A7B7D(ECEHJECN7?JK@KCB7>DECEH7JECI;8;BKC:7DI;IK:7>H;7AI?I7C7 "KAKC%;A;A7B7D(ECEH'7II7N7?JK@KCB7>DECEHC7II7I;8;BKC:7DI;IK:7>H;7AI?I7C7 "KAKC%;A;A7B7D D;H=?.EJ7BN7?JK;D;H=?JEJ7BI;8;BKC:7DI;IK:7>H;7AI?I7C7 *7HJ?A;BFHEJED11P:7D:;KJHED12D@K=7:?=KD7A7DKDJKAC;D==7D==KA;IJ78?B7D?DJ?7=7H?DJ??JKJ;HKH7?7J7K8;H:?I?DJ;=H7I?C;D@7:??DJ?B7?D 5)185,::7D&'2:54F7:7 C;B7FEHA7D>7I?BH;7AI??DJ??D?:;D=7DFHEJEDN7D=:?F;H9;F7JC;B7BK?C;:?7B?IJH?A:;D=7DF;HI7C77DH;7AI??DJ? "&?";";1.Energi yang Dihasilkan dari Reaksi Inti,;7AI??DJ?:7F7J:?JKB?IA7D:7B7CIK7JKF;HI7C77D7J7K P %;J;H7D=7D?DJ?I7I7H7DF7HJ?A;BN7D=:?>7I?BA7D?DJ?87HKN7D=:?>7I?BA7D;D;H=?N7D=:?>7I?BA7DF7HJ?A;BF;D;C87A"7H=7IK7JKH;7AI??DJ?:?:;<?D?I?A7DI;87=7?F;H8;:77D7DJ7H7;D;H=?:?7C:7D;D;H=?:?7C5$.$P$/$6Q ';0 IC7 P %;J;H7D=7D H;7AI?;AIEJ;HC?AJ;H:7F7J;D;H=?N7D=:?8;87IA7D H;7AI?;D:EJ;HC?AJ;H:7F7J;D;H=?N7D=:?I;H7FContoh 10.7"?JKD=B7>>7H=7KDJKAH;7AI? &?";%@?A7$D IC7$ IC7$&? IC7$"; IC7 '='(5$.$P$/$6@ ';0 IC75 P 6IC7@ ';0 IC7 IC7 ';0 IC7 ';0Contoh 10.8$?A7C7II7 " IC7 " IC7 "; IC7:7D D IC7 $?A7 IC7 ';0>?JKD=;D;H=?N7D=:?8;87IA7DF7:7H;7AI? ";"";D '='( D;H=?H;7AI?I7C7:;D=7D;D;H=?H;7AJ7D:?AKH7D=?;D;H=?FHE:KA D;H=?H;7AJ7D ';0 ';0 D;H=?FHE:KA ';0 ';0 D;H=?H;7AI? P ';0Kata Kunci•energi reaksi inti•reaksi eksotermik•reaksi endotermik•reaksi berantai•reaksi fisi•reaksi fusiTokohEnrico Fermi(1901–1954)Fermi adalah seorang fisikawankelahiran Itali. Setelah tahun 1939, iapergi ke Amerika Serikat untukbekerja dan hidup disana. Ia dikenalkarena menggunakan neutron untukmenembak atom yang dapatmenghasilkan isotop. Enrico Fermimendapat hadiah Nobel pada 1938.Pada 2 Desember 1942, reaksi rantainuklir pertama dihasilkan olehsebuah tim ilmuwan yangdipimpinnya. Percobaan yang suksesini bertempat di lapangan SquashUniversitas Chicago, Amerika Serikat.Reaksi rantai bekerja menyerupaipenyalaan korek api. Panas yangdihasilkan oleh gesekan pada waktumematik korek api menyebabkansebagian atom terbakar danmelepaskan lebih banyak panassehingga menyebabkan reaksi terus-menerus berlangsung.Sumber: Science Encyclopedia, 1998Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII2742.Pembuatan Isotop Radioaktif dari Reaksi Inti,7:?E7AJ?<:7F7J:?FHE:KAI?C;B7BK?IK7JKH;7AI??DJ?FHEI;IF;C8;DJKA7D?IEJEF87HKN7D=H7:?E7AJ?<?JK:?B7AKA7D:;D=7DF;D;C87A7D?IEJEFN7D=IJ78?B:;D=7DIK7JKF7HJ?A;B -;87=7?9EDJE>?IEJEFH7:?E7AJ?< K:?F;HEB;>:7H?F;D;C87A7D?IEJEFIJ78?B KEB;>D;KJHED:;D=7DH;7AI? DKK 3.Reaksi Berantai*;D;C87A7DD;KJHEDF7:7KH7D?KC ?DJ?N7D=J;H8;DJKA:7H?F;D7D=A7F7DD;KJHEDJ;HI;8KJJ?:7AIJ78?BI;>?D==7I;=;H7J;H8;B7>C;D@7:??DJ??DJ?N7D=B;8?>H?D=7D "7I?BF;C8;B7>7D7:7B7>I;87=7?8;H?AKJ D/2;-HDD+#IEJEF 2;:7D-H7:7B7>?IEJEF?IEJEFN7D=J?:7AIJ78?B:;D=7DC;C7D97HA7DI?D7H;CF7JA7B?8;HJKHKJJKHKJ?IEJEF 2;7A>?HDN78;HK87>C;D@7:? ;N7D=IJ78?B ;C?A?7D@K=7-HC;D@7:??IEJEFIJ78?B 2;:;D=7DC;C7D97HA7DI?D7H:K7A7B?8;HJKHKJJKHKJ ,;7AI?N7D=:;C?A?7D:?I;8KJ( ") (%* C;HKF7A7D;D;H=?N7D=:?B;F7IA7D:7B7C8;DJKAA7BEH *7:7H;7AJEHDKAB?HD;KJHED9;F7J:?A;D:7B?A7DI;>?D==7J?:7AJ;HB7BK87DN7AD;KJHEDN7D=J;HB?87J:7B7CH;7AI??DJ? (7CKD:7B7C8EC7JECD;KJHED9;F7J?D?J?:7AJ;HA;D:7B?I;>?D==7J;H8;DJKAB;:7A7DN7D=I7D=7J:7>IN7J 4.Reaksi Fisi*;D;CK7DH;7AI?<?I?DKAB?H8;H7M7B:7H?;AIF;H?C;D?DJ;H7AI?D;KJHED:;D=7DKH7D?KC .?=7A;BECFEAA;H@7N7D=8;H>7I?BC;D;CKA7D<?I?DKAB?H7:7B7>48/)5+83/;2/+:;88/+"'</::7D ::''.4":8'993'4F7:7 ';H;A7C;D=7J7A7D87>M7F;D7D=A7F7DD;KJHEDEB;>IK7JK?DJ?KH7D?KC7A7DC;C8;H?A7D=7N7F7:7;D;H=?F;HCKA77DI;>?D==7?DJ?7A7DJ;H8;B7>:K7:;D=7DC7II7I;87D:?D= %;CKD=A?D7DB7?D?DJ?J;H;AI?J7I?:7DC;D=>7I?BA7DF;BKHK>7D=7CC7 "7B?D?:?I;8KJ( ") ) *;H>7J?A7D'3('8 '3('8 C;CF;HB?>7JA7D?DJ?N7D=J;H8;DJKA /J?:7AIJ78?B:7DI;=;H7J;H8;B7>C;D@7:??DJ??DJ?B;8?>H?D=7DN7D=IJ78?B *7I7D=7DF7I7D=7DN7D=J;H@7:?F7:7<?I? /J?:7AC;DKD@KAA7DF7I7D=7DN7D=A>7IJ;J7F?C;HKF7A7DI7JK:7H? A;CKD=A?D7DN7D=J;H@7:?:?7DJ7H7DN7 /%H 7 D /-H 7 D /4H.;D:7DI;J;HKIDN7 *7:7>7CF?HI;CK7H;7AI?<?I?J;H@7:?F;D=KH7D=7DC7II7I;A?J7H IC78;H7HJ? QB;8?>8;I7H:7H?F7:7C7II7N7D=>?B7D=F7:7I;CK7@;D?IH;7AI?F;BKHK>7DDN7I;87=7?9EDJE><?I? /:;D=7DD;KJHEDB7C87JC;D=>7I?BA7D?DJ?'E:7D &7 '7II7N7D=>?B7D=:7D;D;H=?N7D=:?>7I?BA7D:?>?JKD=I;87=7?8;H?AKJ Uninti bulatanGambar 10.19Diagram reaksi berantaiGambar 10.20Pada reaksi pembelahan inti,jumlah neutron bertambahpada setiap tingkatan.inti U-235reaksi fisi U-235memunculkan2 neutronneutronpertamareaksi fisi keduamenghasilkan 4 neutronSumber: Physics for ‘O’ Level, 1990Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas275 /D'E&7 D$$K$DP$'E$&7 $D$ P IC7 D;H=?<?I?DN7 ';0 IC7$ ';0 IC7 IC7 ';0"7I?BF;C8;B7>7D?DJ?KH7D?KCC;D=>7I?BA7DD;KJHEDN7D=87HK I7CF7?D;KJHEDC7A77A7D:7F7JJ;H@7:?FHEI;I<?I?8;H7DJ7? (;KJHEDD;KJHED>7I?BF;C8;B7>7D?DJ?7A7DC;D=;D7?/P N7D=B7?D:7DC;D?C8KBA7DH;7AI?N7D=I7C7I;97H78;H7DJ7? 5.Reaksi Fusi ") +) 7:7B7>F;D==78KD=7D:K7?DJ?H?D=7DC;D@7:?I;8K7>?DJ?N7D=B;8?>8;H7J:?I;HJ7?:;D=7DF;B;F7I7D;D;H=? D;H=?N7D=:?B;F7IA7DB;8?>8;I7H:?87D:?D=A7D;D;H=?N7D=:?F;HBKA7DKDJKAC;D==78KD=A7DA;:K7?DJ? D;H=?<KI?N7D=9KAKF8;I7H:?F;HEB;>:7H?'7J7>7H?:7D8?DJ7D=N7D=C;HKF7A7DIKC8;H;D;H=?:?7B7CI;C;IJ7?D? ,;7AI?<KI?C;D=K87>?DJ?>?:HE=;DC;D@7:??DJ?>;B?KC !;@7B7?D?J;H@7:?:7B7CAED:?I?8?DJ7D=C;DKHKJI?ABKIFHEJEDFHEJEDH;7AI?DN77:7B7>I;87=7?8;H?AKJ 7 *7:7J7>7F7M7BH;7AI?FHEJED8;H=78KD=:;D=7DFHEJEDC;C8;DJKA:;KJ;H?KC ** ';08 ;KJ;H?KC8;H=78KD=:;D=7DFHEJEDC;C8;DJKA?DJ?JH?J?KC "; * ";';09 #DJ? ";8;H;7AI?C;D=>7I?BA7D "; ";";** ';0,;7AI?<KI?N7D=J;H@7:?:?'7J7>7H?7:7B7>H;7AI?F;D==78KD=7D>?:HE=;D "C;D@7:??DJ?>;B?KC ";I7C8?BC;C8;87IA7D;D;H=?N7D=I7D=7J8;I7H ,;7AI?F;D==78KD=7D?DJ?:?F;HB?>7JA7DF7:7'3('8 EDJE>H;7AI?<KI?N7D=J;H@7:?:?'7J7>7H?7:7B7>I;87=7?8;H?AKJ """;:;D=7D ';0 """;:;D=7D ';0 ";";";"":;D=7D ';0 EDJE>B7?D:7H?H;7AI?<KI?7:7B7>8EC>?:HE=;D *7:7CKB7DN78EC>?:HE=;D:?8K7JI;J7H7:;D=7DB;:7A7D C;=7JED.(.A?H7A?H7 A7B?;D;H=?8EC7JECF;HJ7C7 7>7D87AK8EC>?:HE=;D7:7B7>?DJ?:;KJ;H?KC:7DJH?J?KCN7D=A;CK:?7D8;H=78KD=C;C8;DJKA?DJ?>;B?KC ,;7AI?<KI?N7D=8;HB7D=IKD=IFEDJ7D>7DN7J;H@7:?F7:7IK>K:7DJ;A7D7DN7D=I7D=7JJ?D==? 7H7C;D=;D:7B?A7DH;7AI?<KI?J;HI;8KJIKA7H:?B7AKA7DA7H;D7C;C;HBKA7DIK>KI;A?J7H % *7:7IK>KJ;HI;8KJI;CK7C7J;H?7A7D8;H8;DJKAFB7IC7F7D7II;>?D==7I7D=7JIKA7HC;D97F7?F7HJ?A;B%N7D=9KAKFF7D7I -7B7>I7JKKI7>7N7D=:?B7AKA7DKDJKAC;C;H7D=A7FFB7IC7H;7AJ?<:7B7CC;:7DC7=D;J?A:?H7D97D=EB;>,KI?7N7D=:?I;8KJ*&"$":;D=7DC;:7DC7=D;J?A8;H8;DJKAAK;:ED7JJEHKI Gambar 10.21Penggabungan empat inti hidrogenmembentuk inti helium disertaipelepasan energi.H11H11H11H11H11H11H11H21H21Hc32Hc32Hc42H11H–2(deuterium)H–3(tritium)reaksi fusiheliumneutron++++++Gambar 10.22Reaksi fusi di MatahariGambar 10.23Tokamakruang vakumtoroidarus listrikluarmedanmagnetiktotalplasmaarusplasmamedanmagnetikpoloidmedanmagnetiktoroidSumber: Physics for Scientist and Engineers, 2000Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII276Contoh 10.9"?JKD=B7>;D;H=?:7B7C';0N7D=:?8;87IA7DEB;>F;D==78KD=7D:K7FHEJED:7D:K7D;KJHEDKDJKAC;C8;DJKAI;8K7>?DJ?>;B?KC ?A;J7>K?C7II7 " IC7 "; IC7 D IC7:7D IC7 ';0'='(*;HI7C77DH;7AI?F;D==78KD=7D?DJ?DN77:7B7> " D";;D;H=? D;H=?I;8;BKCH;7AI?5 6Q ';0 ';0 D;H=?I;IK:7>H;7AI? ';0 ';0 D;H=?H;7AI?;D;H=?I;8;BKCH;7AI?P;D;H=?I;IK:7>H;7AI? P ';0$7:?;D;H=?N7D=:?8;87IA7DI;8;I7H ';0 .;DJKA7D;D;H=??A7J?DJ? -? (N7D=C7II7DN78;HJKHKJJKHKJ7:7B7> IC7 IC7:7D IC7 *7:7H;7AI??DJ?D;KJHED:;D=7DJH?J?EDC;D=>7I?BA7DI;8K7>F7HJ?A;B7B<7 ;H7F787DN7ADN7;D;H=?N7D=:?A;BK7HA7DF7:7H;7AI??DJ?J;HI;8KJ.KB?IF;HI7C77DH;7AI?DN7 '7II7&? IC7:7DC7II7:;KJHED IC7 *;H>7J?A7DH;7AI??DJ?8;H?AKJ "&? +"?JKD=;D;H=?N7D=:?>7I?BA7D@?A7:?A;J7>K?C7II7 " IC7&? IC7 IC7:7D IC7 ';0 $7M78B7>F;HJ7DN77D8;H?AKJ 7 7=7?C7D7H;7AI?<?I?:7F7J:?A;D:7B?A7D$;B7IA7D 8 F7N7D=C;DN;878A7DA;HKI7A7DKDJKAC;D=7:7A7DIK7JKH;7AI?<KI?9 F7N7D=:?C7AIK::;D=7DH7:?7I?:7D87=7?C7D7H7:?7I?:7F7J8;H87>7N7I;HJ78;HC7D<77J87=?C7DKI?7 .;DJKA7DD7C7F7HJ?A;B2:7H?H;7AI??DJ?8;H?AKJ?D? 7 &?" 28 (2"9 B*2: """;2 "?JKD=;D;H=?N7D=:?8;87IA7DF7:7H;7AI??DJ? ;D"&?;D;H=?@?A7:?A;J7>K?C7II7 ; IC7&? 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Tes Kompetensi Subbab C +80'1'42'.6'*'(;1;2':/.'4Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas277D.Reaktor Nuklir, Bom Nuklir, dan Radioisotop1.Reaktor nuklir+:6@IDGCJ@A>G696A6=I:BE6II:G?69>CN6G:6@H>7:G6CI6>N6C<B:CN6C<@JI;>H>CJ@A>GN6C<I:G@:C96A>+:6@IDGCJ@A>GB:GJE6@6CHJB7:G:C:G<>H6C<6I:;>H>:C C:G<>N6C<9>A:E6H@6C96A6B7:CIJ@@6ADG96C96E6I9>6B7>A9:C<6CB:C<6A>G@6CO6I86>G6I6J<6HH:76<6>E:C9>C<>CB:A6AJ>76<>6C76<>6C96A6BG:6@IDG>IJ-67JC<N6C<7>6H69>E6@6>I>C<<>CN6 B7:G9>6B:I:G96A6B B96CI:76A9>C9>C<CN6 8B + /696A6=E:G6C86C<6C96H6GG:6@IDGCJ@A>G6>GI:@6C>G7:GA6@JH:76<6>BD9:G6IDG96CE:C9>C<>CJCIJ@I:G6H 6A6BG:6@IDG6>G9>9>=J6E6>G9>7>6G@6CI:G?69>9>96A6BI67JC<G:6@IDG96C@:BJ9>6C9>E6@6>JCIJ@B:C<<:G6@@6CIJG7>C 6A6BG:6@IDG6>GI:@6C6>GN6C<B:C<6A>GB:A:L6I>I:G6H9>E:GI6=6C@6C7:GI:@6C6CI>C<<>H:@>I6G 6IB>GN6C<B6HJ@@:96A6BI67JC<7:GI:@6C6CI>C<<>B:B>A>@>HJ=J Q 96CB:C>C<<6A@6CCN6E696HJ=J Q B:A6AJ>E:CJ@6G@6ADGN6C<B:C<=6H>A@6CJ6EH:=>C<<696E6IB:BJI6GH:7J6=IJG7>C6=6C76@6GG:6@IDG6>GG>C<6C696A6=JG6C>JBD@H>96.( N6C<I:GIJIJE96A6BI67JC<E6C?6C<96CH:BE>I+:6@H>9>BJA6>9:C<6CH:7J6=C:JIGDCN6C<B:CJB7J@>CI>H:=>C<<6B:CN:767@6CE:B7:A6=6C>CI>9>H:GI6>9:C<6CI:GA:E6HCN69J66I6JI><6C:JIGDC':JIGDCB:C<6A6B>E:GA6B76I6C7:7:G6E6&:/B:C?69>:C:G<>I:GB6AB:A6AJ>IJB7J@6C9:C<6C>CI>BD9:G6IDG@:BJ9>6C9>I:GJH@6C9:C<6C;>H>,:A6C?JICN6A6?JG:6@H>7:G6CI6>96E6I9>@DCIGDAB:C<<JC6@6C76I6C<@DCIGDAN6C<I:G7J6I96G>@69B>JB6I6J7DGDCN6C<BJ96=B:CN:G6EC:JIGDC$:I>@676I6C<>C>9>B6HJ@@6CA:7>=96A6B@:96A6BG:6@IDGA6?JG:6@H>CN69>G:96BJ6EN6C<@:AJ6G96G>IJG7>C9>9>C<>C@6CB:C?69>6>GDA:=@DC9:CHDG96CDA:=EDBE6H:@JC9:G9>B6HJ@@6C@:B76A>@:6A6IE:CJ@6GE6C6H+:6@IDGCJ@A>GE:GI6B69>76C<JCDA:=,/'!-#/+' S E696 9>.C>K:GH>I6H =>86<DB:G>@6,:G>@6I,6BE6>H66I>C>I:A6=9>76C<JC7:G76<6>?:C>H96CJ@JG6CG:6@IDGCJ@A>G+:6@IDGG:6@IDGCJ@A>GI:GH:7JIB:B>A>@>7:7:G6E6@DBEDC:C96H6G9>6CI6G6CN6:A:B:C:A:B:C76=6C76@6G76I6C<@:C96A>BD9:G6IDG96CE:G>H6>' " A:B:CGambar 10.24Perancangan dasar reaktor Nuklirair-tekan.Gambar 10.25Reaktor nuklir denganmoderator airsistem utamasistem keduabahan bakar danmoderatorpelindungkondensorpompauap airbatangpengendaliair panasturbin uapgeneratorInformasiuntuk AndaBeberapa jenis limbah reaktor nuklirbersifat radioaktif. Limbah ini meng-hasilkan radiasi nuklir mematikanyang merusak sel-sel hidup. Beberapajenis limbah radioaktif dapatbertahan ribuan tahun. Oleh karenaitu, limbah yang disimpan rapatdalam peti kemas tertutup harusdipendam di bawah tanah. Untukmenangani limbah nuklir makaorang harus menggunakan pakaianseperti terlihat pada gambar berikut.Some kind of the nuclear reactorwaste is radioactive material. Thiswaste produce deadly nuclearradiation that damage living cells.Some kind of radioactive waste canlast for thousand years. So, nuclearreactor waste placed in shielded boxmust be buried underground.Overcoming nuclear waste, peoplemust wear suit like you have seen thispicture.Information for YouSumber: Physics for Scientist and Engineers, 2000Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII27876=6C76@6G96C76I6C<@:C96A>I:GA:I6@9>96A6BHJ6IJI:BE6IN6C<9>C6B6@6CI:G6HG:6@IDG$DBEDC:C@DBEDC:CI:GH:7JI9>IJC?J@@6CE696 + / A:B:C:A:B:C76=6C76@6GG:6@IDGCJ@A>G7:G7:CIJ@76I6C<76I6C<I>E>H6=6C76@6GN6C<9>E6@6>E696JBJBCN6696A6=JCHJGJCHJGN6C<B:B>A>@>H>;6I96E6I7:G:6@H>H:86G6;>H>B>H6ACN6 . .96C )J&D9:G6IDG7:G;JC<H>JCIJ@B:BE:GA6B76I@:A6?J6CC:JIGDCC:JIGDCN6C<9>7:76H@6CH:A6B6EGDH:HE:B7:A6=6C>CI>;>H>7:GA6C<HJC<&:C<6E6A6?JC:JIGDC=6GJH9>E:GA6B76I,:7J6=>CI> .6@6CA:7>=BJ96=B:C6C<@6EC:JIGDCA6B76I96G>E696B:C6C<@6EC:JIGDC8:E6I@6CI:I6E>C:JIGDCC:JIGDCN6C<9>E6C86G@6CH:A6B6EGDH:HG:6@H>;>H>7:GA6C<HJC<7:G<:G6@9:C<6C@:A6?J6CI>C<<>(A:=@6G:C6>IJ9>E:GAJ@6CBD9:G6IDG&D9:G6IDGN6C<E6A>C<JBJB9><JC6@6C696A6=6>G7:G6I (,6A6=H6IJ@:JC<<JA6CBD9:G6IDG6>G7:G6I696A6=96E6I7:G;JC<H>H:76<6>E:C9>C<>CI:G6HG:6@IDG$:I>@6H:7J6=C:JIGDC7:G:C:G<>I>C<<>@:AJ6G96G>H:7J6=:A:B:C76=6C76@6GC:JIGDCI:GH:7JIB:B6HJ@>6>G96C7:GIJB7J@6C9:C<6CBDA:@JABDA:@JA6>G':JIGDC8:E6I6@6C@:=>A6C<6CH:76<>6C:C:G<>CN6H:A6B6B:CJB7J@6IDB6IDB6>GH:=>C<<6A6?JC:JIGDCI:GH:7JIB:C?69>A6B76I6I6C<@:C96A>7:G;JC<H>JCIJ@B:CN:G6E@:A:7>=6CC:JIGDCN6C<9>=6H>A@6C96G>G:6@H>E:B7:A6=6C>CI>;>H>H:=>C<<6G:6@H>;>H>7:G6CI6>N6C<I:G?69>9>96A6BG:6@IDG96E6I9>@:C96A>@6C6I6C<@:C96A>7>6H6CN6I:G7J6I96G>@69B>JB6I6J7DGDC6I6C<@:C96A>B:C?6<66<6GH:I>6EE:B7:A6=6C>CI>=6CN6B:C<=6H>A@6CH6IJE:B7:A6=6CI6B76=6CH6?6#>@6C:JIGDCC:JIGDC96G>I>6EE:B7:A6=6CB:C<=6H>A@6CE:B7:A6=6CI6B76=6CN6C<A:7>=7:H6G96G>H6IJE:B7:A6=6C76I6C<@:C96A>6@6C9>I:@6CB6HJ@@:96A6BG:6@IDGH:=>C<<6@:A:7>=6CC:JIGDC=6H>AG:6@H>9>H:G6EDA:=76I6C<@:C96A>,:76A>@CN6?>@6C:JIGDCC:JIGDC96G>I>6EE:B7:A6=6CB:C<=6H>A@6CE:B7:A6=6CI6B76=6CN6C<A:7>=@:8>A96G>H6IJE:B7:A6=6C76I6C<@:C96A>H:76<>6C9>I6G>@B:C?6J=>I:G6HG:6@IDGH:=>C<<6C:JIGDCN6C<9>H:G6EA:7>=H:9>@>I"CI>6IDB=6H>AE:B7:A6=6C96E6IB:C<=6H>A@6CG69>6H><6GE6G6E:@:G?69>H:@>I6GG:6@IDG96E6I7:GIJ<6H9:C<6C6B6C96G>G69>6H>>C>9>7J6IE:G>H6>7:IDCJCIJ@B:C6=6CG69>6H>N6C<9>=6H>A@6CH:A6B6EGDH:HG:6@H>;>H>7:GA6C<HJC< C:G<>N6C<9>=6H>A@6CE696EGDH:HG:6@H>;>H>7:GJE6E6C6H,>HI:BGambar 10.26Komponen-komponen dasarsebuah reaktor atom: (1) terasreaktor; (2) elemen bahan bakar;(3) moderator; (4) batang kendali;(5) shielding; (6) pendingin.aliran panasaliran dinginuap ke turbinair dinginpompa(1)(2)(4)(5)(3)(6)Sebuah reaktor nuklir tidak dapatmeledak seperti bom atom. Akantetapi, suatu kecelakaan pada pusattenaga nuklir dapat menimbulkanakibat yang merusak sejumlah besarwilayah sekitarnya. Pada 1986, terjadikecelakaan nuklir terbesar di pusattenaga nuklir Chernobyl di Ukraina.Kecelakaan ini melepaskan zatradioaktif ke dalam atmosfer danmengakibatkan gangguan kesehatanyang hebat pada penduduk di sekitarChernobyl. Penduduk di Eropa punmendapatkan dampak yang tidakkecil.A nuclear reactor can not explode likeatom bomb. But, an accident in centreof the nuclear power can cause alarge destruction. In 1986, the biggestnuclear accident happened in theChernobyl nuclear power plant,Ukraine. This accident releasedradioactive material to theatmosphere and caused severe healthdisorder to civilians near by someEuropean also got the serious effect.Informasiuntuk AndaInformation for YouSumber: Physics for ‘O’ Level, 1990Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas279E:B>C96=6CE6C6HBJIA6@9>E:GAJ@6CE696HJ6IJG:6@IDGCJ@A>G!6AI:GH:7JI7:GIJ?J6CB:B>C96=@6CE6C6HN6C<9>=6H>A@6CG:6@H>;>H>96G>BD9:G6IDGE:C9>C<>CEG>B:G@:E:C9>C<>CH:@JC9:G):B>C96=6CE6C6H>C>H6C<6IE:CI>C<@6G:C6E:C9>C<>CEG>B:G7>6H6CN6B:GJE6@6CHJ6IJG6C<@6>6CI:GIJIJE):C9>C<>C9>@:B76A>@6CA6<>@:G:6@IDGH:I:A6=E6C6HN6C<9>76L6CN696G>I:G6HG:6@IDG9>E>C96=@6C@:E:C9>C<>CH:@JC9:G:G96H6G@6C@:<JC66CCN6G:6@IDGCJ@A>G96E6I9>7:96@6CB:C?69>6+:6@IDG 6N6+:6@IDG96N6696A6=G:6@IDGN6C<96E6IB:C<=6H>A@6CI:C6<6A>HIG>@+:6@IDG96N6E696JBJBCN6B:GJE6@6CG:6@IDG@DB:GH>6A&>H6ACN69>B6C;66I@6CJCIJ@)%-'):B76C<@>I%>HIG>@-:C6<6'J@A>G7+:6@IDG)GD9J@H>"HDIDE+:6@IDGEGD9J@H>>HDIDE696A6=G:6@IDGN6C<B:C<=6H>A@6CG69>D>HDIDEN6C<76CN6@9><JC6@6C96A6B7>96C<@:9D@I:G6C>C9JHIG>7>DAD<>96C;6GB6H>8+:6@IDG):C:A>I>6C+:6@IDGE:C:A>I>6C696A6=G:6@IDGN6C<9><JC6@6CJCIJ@E:C:A>I>6C9>7>96C<E:GI6C>6CE:I:GC6@6C>C9JHIG>@:9D@I:G6C96CH6>CH"C9DC:H>6B:B>A>@>I><6G:6@IDGE:C:A>I>6C96CEGD9J@H>>HDIDEN6C<7:G6969>6C9JC<2D<N6@6GI696C,:GEDC<+:6@IDGN6C<7:G6969>6C9JC<9>7:G>C6B6-G><6&6G@""& " " '& " '#(#$&#)( #", "& (#! 9>2D<N6@6GI69>7:G>C6B6G:6@IDG$6GI>C>H:96C<@6CN6C<7:G6969>,:GEDC<9>7:G>C6B6&)+ ) ( )&$#'(#&N6C<B:B>A>@>96N6 &L6II,:E:GI>I:A6=9>76=6HH:7:AJBCN6H6A6=H6IJE:B6C;66I6CCJ@A>G696A6=JCIJ@)%-'):B76C<@>I%>HIG>@-:C6<6'J@A>G:G96H6G@6C?:C>HE:C9>C<>CCN66969J6?:C>H)%-'N6>IJ)%-'9:C<6CH>HI:B)0+&'')& -(&(#&96C0+# " (&(#&a.PLTN dengan Sistem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b.PLTN dengan Sistem BWR)696H>HI:B0+I:@6C6C6>GN6C<B:C<6A>GB:A:L6I>I:G6HG:6@IDGA:7>=G:C96=96G>E696H>HI:B)0+N6>IJH:@>I6G 6IB>G>C>9>J6E@6C96A6BI67JC<G:6@IDG96C9>6A>G@6CJCIJ@B:BJI6GIJG7>CH:=>C<<6TokohOtto HannOtto Hahn lahir di Frankfurt, Jerman. Iamendapatkan gelar Ph.D dariUniversitas Marburg pada 1901. Hahnmempelajari beberapa unsur radioaktif,termasuk aktinium dan thorium. Pada1917, ia dan Lise Meitner berbagipenghargaan atas penemuan logamradioaktif yang diberi nama protak-tinium. Pada 1944, Hahn mendapatkanhadiah Nobel bidang kimia untukkeberhasilannya dalam penemuanpembelahan inti. Proses pembelahaninti itu disebut fisi nuklir. Para ilmuwandi Amerika Serikat menggunakan hasilpenemuan Hahn ini untuk membuatbom atom pada awal 1940-an. Sejak saatitu penggunaan fisi nuklir untuk tujuandamai pun dikembangkan.Sumber: Science Encyclopedia, 1998Gambar 10.27Bagan PLTN dengan sistem PWRSumber: Fundamental of Physics, 2001reaktor PWRgeneratorpembangkituappipa uapgeneratorkondensatorpompapompaMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII2809>=6H>A@6C:C:G<>A>HIG>@.6EE6C6HN6C<B6HJ@@:GJ6C<IJG7>C>C>9>B6HJ@@6C@:96A6B@DC9:CH6IDGH:=>C<<67:GJ76=B:C?69>6>G@:BJ9>6C9>EDBE6@:B76A>B:B6HJ@>GJ6C<I:G6HG:6@IDG6<>6C)%-'9:C<6CH>HI:B0+9>IJC?J@@6CE696 + / 2.Bom NuklirC96E6HI>HJ96=H:G>C<B:C9:C<6G>HI>A6=7DB6IDB6I6J7DBCJ@A>GDBCJ@A>GB:GJE6@6C7DBN6C<B:C<<JC6@6C:C:G<>96G>I:C6<6CJ@A>GDBCJ@A>GI:G9>G>6I6H9J6B686BN6>IJ7DB;>H>CJ@A>G96C7DB;JH>CJ@A>GDB;>H>CJ@A>GB:B6C;66I@6C:C:G<>H6C<6I7:H6GN6C<9>A:E6H@6CH:HJ96=G:6@H>E:B7:A6=6C>CI>6=6C76@6GN6C<9><JC6@6C696A6=JG6C>JB. 6I6JEAJIDC>JB)J .G6C>JB96E6I9>I:BJ@6C9>6A6BI:I6E>EAJIDC>JB=6CN696E6I9>E:GDA:=96G>G:6@H>;>H>9>I:G6HG:6@IDGCJ@A>G)G>CH>E@:G?67DB;>H>=6BE>GH6B69:C<6C)%-'6=6C76@6G7:GJE6. 6I6J)J B:B7:A6=B:C?69>7:7:G6E6>CI>7:7:G6E6C:JIGDC96CH:?JBA6=:C:G<><6GG:6@H>E:B7:A6=6CCN6I>96@I:G@:C96A>76=6C76@6GI:GH:7JI=6GJH7:G69696A6BB6HH6@G>I>HN6>IJB6HH6B>C>BJBN6C<B:CN:767@6CG:6@H>I6@I:G@:C96A>#>@6B6HH676=6C76@6G9>76L6=B6HH6@G>I>H?JBA6=C:JIGDCN6C<7D8DGA:7>=76CN6@96G>C:JIGDCN6C<B:B7:A6=96EJC96A6BB6HH6@G>I>HG:6@H>E:B7:A6=6C96E6II:G?69>H:86G6H:G:CI6@GI>CN6L6@IJ?:966CI6GG:6@H>=6CN67:GDG9:B>@GD9:I>@6I6JB>A>9:I>@@>76IG:6@H>E:B7:A6=6CN6C<H:G:CI6@>C>:C:G<>N6C<9>A:E6H@6C96E6II:G6@JBJA6H>$:I>@6I:G?69>A:96@6CH:76<>6C7:H6G:C:G<>N6C<9>=6H>A@6C7:GJE6:C:G<>@>C:I>@,:A6>C>IJ9>=6H>A@6C?J<6G69>6H>E6C6H@>A6I6C86=6N696C:B>H>G69>D6@I>; 6@I6I:CI6C<96=HN6ICN6@:@J6I6C7DB;>H>CJ@A>G>C>I:GA>=6I?:A6H9>@DI6!>GDH>B696C'6<6H6@>#:E6C<3.Radioisotopa.Pembuatan Radioisotop # '#(#$ '#(#$ '#(#$," ( '( "HDIDEN6C<I>96@HI67>AH:A6AJB:B6C86G@6CH>C6GH>C6GG69>D6@I>;JCIJ@B:C?69>>HDIDE>HDIDEHI67>A)696JBJBCN6G69>D6@I>;N6C<9><JC6@6C96A6B7:G76<6>Gambar 10.28Bagan PLTN dengan sistem BWRTantanganuntuk AndaMengapa molekul dari uranium(U–235) lebih cepat bergerakdaripada molekul U–238 padasuhu yang sama?Tugas Anda 10.2Apakah Anda pernah mendengartragedi Chernobyl? Chernobylmerupakan pembangkit listriktenaga nuklir di Ukraina yangmengalami kebocoran. Carilahinformasi dari berbagai sumber,mengapa kebocoran ini bisa terjadi?Kata Kunci•reaktor nuklir•reaktor daya•reaktor produksi isotop•reaktor penelitian•sistem PWR•sistem BWRSumber: Conceptual Physics, 1998reaktorair mendidihuapturbingeneratorpemindahpanaspompakondensatortransformatorjaringan distribusitenaga listrikNext >