Mudah Dan Aktif Belajar Fisika SMA Kelas XII

< PreviousGejala Gelombang218./5,3+<+,<96>=<>+=>,+2+87/;>:+5+8:/;,+8.381+85/-/:+=+8-+2+A+.+6+7;>+81?+5>7.+85/-/:+=+8-+2+A+.3.+6+77/.3>7,+2+8=/;</,>=/81+8./7353+838./5<,3+<.38A+=+5+8./81+8:/;<+7++8 D 35+)*%&/.3<><>85/7,+63>8=>57/7,+8.3815+8<>.>=,3+<.+81+8<>.>=.+=+81 .3:/;96/2:/;<+7++8,/;35>= <38<38 D/;.+<+;5+8)*%&/.+:+=.35/=+2>3,+2@+,/<+;8A+<>.>=,3+<,/;1+8=>81:+.+<>.>=.+=+81 38./5<,3+<7/.3>7:/;=+7+ .+838./5<,3+<7/.3>75/.>+ 35+<+7+./81+8 +5+8<+7+./81+8 %+.+5/+.++8383;/0;+5<3=3.+57/8A/,+,5+8:/7,/695+8<38+;(38+;.+=+81+5+8.3=/;><5+8=+8:+:/7,/6955+8+;+2</:/;=3=/;632+=:+.+%) 35+6/,32,/<+;.+;3:+.+ +5+86/,325/-36.+;3:+.+ %+.+5/+.++8383<38+;.3,3+<5+87/8./5+=31+;3<89;7+6.+87/84+>21+;3<:/;:+84+81+8<38+;.+=+81</:/;=3:+.+%) 35+6/,325/-36.+;3:+.+ +5+86/,32,/<+;.+;3:+.+ %+.+5/+.++8383<38+;.3,3+<5+87/84+>231+;3<89;7+6.+81+;3<:/;:+84+81+8<38+;.+=+81</:/;=3:+.+%)Gambar 1.19Pembiasan sinar bergantungpada indeks bias medium.1sinardatang2garis normaln1n2sinarbiasn2 = n1sinardatangn1n2sinarbiasn2 > n1sinardatangn1n2sinarbiasn2 < n1+,-garis normalgaris normal1212Contoh 1.8(/,>+21/697,+81.+=+81:+.+,3.+81,+=+<+8=+;+.>+7/.3>7./81+8<>.>=.+=+81C 35+:/;,+8.381+8+8=+;+38./5<,3+<7/.3>7:/;=+7+.+87/.3>75/.>++.+6+2Tugas Anda 1.6Menurut Anda, mengapagelombang air laut yang begitubesar ketika sampai di pantaimenjadi kecil? Apakah terjadi halyang sama untuk laut yangberbatasan dengan daratan yangbertebing karang curam? =/8=>5+8<>.>=,3+<8A+.+86>53<5+8:/7,3+<+81/697,+81=/;</,>=-35/=+2>3<>.>=.+=+81 C38./5<,3+< Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII223.Polarisasi%96+;3<+<37/;>:+5+8:/;3<=3@+A+817/7:/;632+=5+8-3;352+<1/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6%/;3<=3@+:96+;3<+<3.+:+==/;4+.35+;/8+:/;3<=3@+:/7+8=>6+8:/7,3+<+8,3+<5/7,+;</6/5=30.+8:/;3<=3@+,3.+811/=+;%/;3<=3@+:96+;3<+<3.+:+=.3?3<>+63<+<35+8./81+87/7,+A+815+81/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6:+.+</>=+<=+63%/;2+=35+8%)gelombangterpolarisasicelahGambar 1.20Gelombang tali yangterpolarisasi.+(>.>=,3+<<38 <38 <38 <38 <38 (/>=+<=+63.31/=+;5+8./81+87/6/@+=3</,>+2-/6+2</7:3=?/;=35+6)+63=/;632+=7/8A37:+81</:/;=3<:3;+6(/=/6+21/697,+81=+637/6/@+=3-/6+22+8A++;+21/=+;?/;=35+6<+4+A+817+<32=/;<3<+</.+815+8+;+21/=+;29;3B98=+6.3;/.+7+=+>.3</;+:96/2-/6+2</7:3==/;</,>=/697,+81A+815/6>+;.+;3=+63.3</,>=1/697,+81=/;:96+;3<+<3638/+;*8=>56/,327/7+2+73:96+;3<+<3+7+=36+2%)%)7/7:/;632+=5+81/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6A+81.36/@+=5+8:+.+.>+-/6+2A+81:9<3<38A+<+7+.+81/697,+81=+63=/;8A+=+6969<:+.+5/.>+-/6+2=/;</,>=%)7/7:/;632+=5+81/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6A+81.36/@+=5+8:+.+.>+-/6+2A+81<+63817/8A36+81=/1+56>;><)/;8A+=+1/697,+816969<:+.+-/6+2A+81:/;=+7+A+3=>-/6+2A+81</4+4+;./81+8+;+21/=+;=/=+:3=3.+56969<:+.+-/6+2A+816+38A+3=>-/6+2A+81=/1+56>;><./81+8+;+21/=+;/;.+<+;5+8%).+8%).+:+=.3<37:>65+8,+2@+2+8A+1/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6A+81.3:/81+;>23-/6+2/697,+81A+81.+:+=6969<.+;3-/6+22+8A+7/736353<+=>+;+21/=+;/697,+81A+81./7353+8.3</,>=1/697,+81:96+;3<+<3(38+;+6+73</:/;=3<38+;7+=+2+;3,>5+8=/;7+<>5<38+;=/;:96+;3<+<3(37,96>8=>5<38+;A+81=3.+5=/;:96+;3<+<3+.+6+2</.+815+8<37,96>8=>5<38+;A+81=/;:96+;3<+<3+.+6+2Gambar 1.21Polarisasi gelombang tali.+gelombangterpolarisasi,gelombangtidakterpolarisasi37°53°medium 1medium 2,">53<+8:/7,3+<+81/697,+81Gejala Gelombang23Gambar 1.22Cahaya tak terpolarisasidilewatkan pada sebuah kristal.4.Interferensi Gelombang(/6+38:/7+8=>6+8.+8:/7,3+<+8<30+=6+38.+;31/697,+81+.+6+238=/;0/;/8<3(30+=38=/;0/;/8<3:+.+1/697,+81+.+6+2:96+:/81>+=+838=/;0/;/8<3598<=;>5=30.+8:96+:/81236+81+838=/;0/;/8<3./<=;>5=307>5+1/697,+81.+;3.>+1/697,+81A+81<+6381,/;=/7>*8=>57/632+=:96+3836/,324/6+<:/;2+=35+8%),/;35>=Gambar 1.23Interferensi gelombang airinterferensi konstruktifSumber: www.physics.umd.eduinterferensi destruktif8.+:>8.+:+=7/6+5>5+8:/;-9,++8>8=>57/632+=1/4+6+38=/;0/;/8<31/697,+817,366+2</,>+2=+8153;3+55/7>.3+8,>+=6+2-/6+21+8.+:+.+</,>+2:+:+8#+<>55+8:+:+8=/;</,>=5/.+6+7=+8153</-+;+?/;=35+6$A+6+5+86+7:>.3+=+<=+8153;3+5+3;!/7>.3+8,>+=6+2<>7,/;1/697,+81./81+8-+;+7/8-/6>:5+8<+6+2<+=>4+;38.+5/.+6+7+3;.3<+6+2<+=>>4>81=+8153"32+=6+2:96+38=/;0/;/8<3:+.+5/;=+<.3,+@+2=+8153=/;</,>=.3,+@+2>4>81=+81536+38%/7+<+81+8:+:+8,/;-/6+2=+.3</,/8+;8A++.+6+2:/7,>+=+8.>+<>7,/;1/697,+81%+.+.38.381=+8153+5+8=+7:+5:/81>+=+8.+8:/81236+81+81/697,+81+53,+=,/;=/7>8A+5/.>+1/697,+81=/;</,>=%/81>+=+8=/;4+.35+;/8++.+8A+5/<+7++80+</.+;35/.>+1/697,+81!/<+7++80+</+.+6+2.>+1/697,+81A+817/7363530;/5>/8<3.+8<37:+81+8A+81<+7+%/81236+81+8=/;4+.35+;/8++.+8A+5/=3.+5<+7++80+</1/697,+81+</A+81=3.+5<+7++.+6+2435++.+.>+1/697,+817/7363530;/5>/8<3A+81<+7+8+7>8<37:+81+88A+<+6381,/;6+@+8+85.Difraksi Gelombang30;+5<3.+6+7,+2+<+</2+;32+;3.+:+=.3+;=35+8</,+1+3:/6/8=>;+8%/;3<=3@+.30;+5<3+=+>:/6/8=>;+81/697,+81.+:+=.3+7+=3./81+87/811>8+5+8=+8153;3+5.+8:+:+8,/;-/6+2$+7>81/697,+81A+81=37,>6.3+3;=3.+5.32+<365+896/21/=+;+8=+81+87/6+385+8.+;31/;+5+87+4>7>8.>;</,>+2:+:+8</23811+7>5+1/697,+81,>5+8,/;,/8=>563815+;+8 35+8.+7/6+5>5+82+6=/;</,>=8.++5+87/8.+:+=5+8Gambar 1.24Interferensi dua gelombang(a) interferensi konstruktif(menguatkan) dan(b) interferensi destruktif(menghilangkan).+,++==getaran horizontaldiserap sempurnaoleh polaroidcahaya alamiyang datanggetaran vertikaldiserap sebagiancahaya diteruskanterpolarisasi linearMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII246.Efek Doppler 35+8.+7/7,>+=1/=+;+8:+.+:/;7>5++8+3;7/811>8+5+8</,>+2+6+=:/811/=+; :+.+:/;7>5++8+3;=/;</,>=+5+8=/;,/8=>51/697,+811/697,+81A+817/;+7,+=5/</1+6++;+2</:/;=3.3=>84>55+8%) :+A+81=/;4+.3435+?3,;+=9;.3=+;355/5+8+8 35+?3,;+=9;.3=+;355/5+8+8+5+8=/;,/8=>563815+;+81/697,+81+3;</:/;=3:+.+%) +;+51/697,+81.3</,/6+25+8+86/,32;+:+=.3,+8.3815+8./81+84+;+51/697,+81.3</,/6+253;3)/;632+=,+2@+:><+=.+;3</=3+:7>5+1/697,+81A+81.32+<365+8,/;1/;+55/5+8+8</23811+4+;+5+8=+;+:>8-+55/:>8-+51/697,+81A+81,/;./5+=+8.3</,/6+25+8+86/,32:/8./5.+;3:+.+:+84+811/697,+81.3</,/6+253;3;=38A+<>7,/;1/697,+81A+81,/;1/;+57/8A/,+,5+8:/;>,+2+8:+84+811/697,+81%+84+811/697,+81A+81,/;>,+2+5+87/8A/,+,5+8:/;>,+2+80;/5>/8<3%/;3<=3@+:/;>,+2+80;/5>/8<31/697,+81+53,+=:/81+;>21/;+5;/6+=30+8=+;+<>7,/;1/697,+81.+8:/81+7+=.38+7+5+8/0/59::6/;8.+.+:+=7/81+7+=3/0/59::6/;5/=35+,/;.3;3.3:38113;4+6+8.+8+.+79,367/8>4>+=+>7/8./5+=38.+,>8A379,36=/;</,>==/;./81+;</7+538=38113/7353+8:>6+435+79,36=/;</,>=7/84+>238.+,>8A379,36=/;</,>==/;./81+;</7+538;/8.+2/897/8+=/;</,>=5+63:/;=+7+.3+7+=396/2</9;+8103<35+@+8><=;3+ )!*+!&'(($) D </23811+.38+7+5+8/0/59::6/;%/;>,+2+8,>8A379,367/84+.3=38113+=+>;/8.+2=/;</,>=.3</,+,5+896/2:/;>,+2+80;/5>/8<3!/=35+79,36=/;</,>=7/8./5+=38.+0;/5>/8<38A+</7+538,/<+;(/,+6358A+5/=35+79,36=/;</,>=,/;1/;+57/84+>238.+0;/5>/8<38A+</7+5385/-36%/;>,+2+80;/5>/8<3=/;</,>=.+:+=.34/6+<5+8</,+1+3,/;35>=!/=35+<>7,/;,>8A3.+8:/8./81+;.3+71/697,+81,>8A3A+81.3:+8-+;5+896/2<>7,/;,>8A37/736353:+84+811/697,+81A+81<+7+./81+81/697,+81,>8A3A+81.3=/;37+:/8./81+;,/;6+5>:/;<+7++8$+7>8:+.+<++=<>7,/;,>8A3,/;1/;+5.+8:/8./81+;.3+77+5+:+84+811/697,+81A+81.3=/;37+:/8./81+;+.+6+2Gambar 1.26Sumber gelombang yangbergerak pada permukaan airmenyebabkan panjanggelombang lebih pendeksesuai arah gerak.12345sPvpvs+s54321,Gambar 1.25Difraksi pada gelombang airgelombang air setelahmelewati celahgelombang aircelahSumber: Physics for Scientist & Engineerswith Modern Physics, 2000,+2@+</=/6+21/697,+815/6>+;.+;3:+:+8,/;-/6+2,/8=>57>5+1/697,+81=3.+5</:/;=3,/8=>51/697,+81A+81:/;=+7+%96+A+81+5+88.+.+:+=3.3=>84>55+896/2%) Gejala Gelombang25</23811+0;/5>/8<3A+81.3=/;37+:/8./81+;+.+6+2</,+1+3,/;35>= D+*8=>55+<><</,+6358A+:+.+<++=<>7,/;,>8A3.3+7.+8:/8./81+;,/;1/;+5:+84+811/697,+81A+81.3=/;37+:/8./81+;+.+6+2</23811+0;/5>/8<3A+81.3=/;37+:/8./81+;+.+6+2</,+1+3,/;35>= D,(/-+;+>7>7:/;<+7++8/0/59::6/;>8=>5<>7,/;,>8A3.+8:/8./81+;,/;1/;+5,/;6+5>:/;<+7++8 D !/=/;+81+80;/5>/8<3A+81.3=/;37+:/8./81+;B0;/5>/8<3.+;3<>.>=,>8A3B5/-/:+=+81/697,+81,>8A37<5/-/:+=+81/;+5:/8./81+;7<5/-/:+=+81/;+5<>7,/;,>8A37<%/;4+843+8=+8.+A+81.31>8+5+8.+6+7:/;<+7++8+.+6+2</,+1+3,/;35>= 35+:/8./81+;7/8./5+=3<>7,/;:/8./81+;:9<3=30 35+:/8./81+;7/84+>23<>7,/;:/8./81+;8/1+=30 35+<>7,/;7/8./5+=3:/8./81+;<>7,/;8/1+=30 35+<>7,/;7/84+>23:/8./81+;<>7,/;:9<3=30Contoh 1.11(/,>+279,36,/;1/;+5./81+85/-/:+=+8574+7<+7,367/7,>8A35+856+5<98./81+80;/5>/8<3 B+;3+;+2,/;6+@+8+8</9;+81:/81/8.+;+79=9;,/;1/;+5./81+85/-/:+=+8 574+7)/8=>5+80;/5>/8<3,>8A356+5<98A+81.3./81+;96/2:/81/8.+;+</:/.+79=9;=/;</,>=435+-/:+=;+7,+=,>8A3.3>.+;++.+6+2 7<-35/=+2>379,36574+7 7<:/8./1+; 574+7 7<>.+;+ 7<56+5<9879,36 B:/8./81+;>.+;+:/8./81+;56+5<9879,36>.+;+79,36 7< 7< B 7< 7<B +.3:/81/8.+;+</:/.+79=9;7/8./81+;,>8A356+5<98./81+80;/5>/8<3BTokohChristian JohannDoppler(1803–1853)Christian Johann Doppler adalahfisikawan yang lahir di Salzburg,Austria. Dia belajar di Vienna danmenjadi seorang profesor Fisika(1851). Dia terkenal denganpengamatannya tentang variasifrekuensi gelombang suara dangelombang cahaya karena pengaruhkecepatan gerak relatif antarasumber dan pengamat.Sumber: www. allbiographic.comMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII26 (/,>+21/697,+81.+=+81.+;3>.+;+./81+8<>.>=.+=+81C7+<>55/.+6+7+3;.+8.3,3+<5+8./81+8<>.>=,3+<C 35+:+84+811/697,+81=/;</,>=.3>.+;+-7=/8=>5+8:+84+811/697,+81.3.+6+7+3;(/,>+21/697,+81.+=+81:+.+,3.+81,+=+<+8=+;+.>+7/.3>7./81+8<>.>=.+=+81 C 35+38./5<,3+<;/6+=307/.3>7.>+=/;2+.+:7/.3>7<+=>+.+6+2 =/8=>5+8<>.>=,3+<8A+.+86>53<5+8:/7,3+<+81/697,+818A+/697,+81.+=+81.+;3:/;7>5++8+3;A+81.+6+75/:/;7>5++8+3;A+81.+815+6./81+8<>.>=.+=+81 C 35+-/:+=;+7,+=1/697,+81:+.+:/;7>5++8+3;A+81.+6+7.+8:/;7>5++8+3;A+81.+815+67<.+8 7<=/8=>5+8<>.>=,3+<8A+ /6+<5+8+:+A+81.37+5<>.:96+;3<+<3(/,>+2+7,>6+8<,/;1/;+5./81+85/-/:+=+87<<+7,367/7,>8A35+8<3;38/8A+:+.+0;/5>/8<3 B(/9;+81:/81/7>.3=;>5,/;1/;+5,/;6+@+8+8+;+2./81+85/-/:+=+8 7<7/8./81+;,>8A3<3;38/+7,>6+8<)/8=>5+80;/5>/8<3A+81.3./81+;:/81/7>.3<++=+5/.>+79,36<+63817/8./5+=3,5/.>+79,36<+63817/84+>23!/=35+,/;.3;3.3=;9=9+;</9;+81+8+57/8./81+;,>8A3,/;0;/5>/8<3 B.+;3<3;38/79,36:963<3A+817/8./5+=38A+(/=/6+279,36:963<37/6/@+=38A+0;/5>/8<3,>8A3A+81=/;./81+;7/84+.3 B/;+:+5/6+4>+879,36:963<3=/;</,>=!/-/:+=+8,>8A3.3>.+;+ 7<(/,>+2<>7,/;,>8A37/7363530;/5>/8<3 B,/;1/;+5./81+85/-/:+=+8 7<7/8./5+=3</9;+81:/81+7+=A+81.3+7)/8=>5+8,/<+;0;/5>/8<3A+81.3./81+;96/2:/81+7+=435++=3.+5+.++8138,=/;.+:+=+8138A+81,/;1/;+5./81+85/-/:+=+87<</+;+2./81+8+;+2<>7,/;,>8A3.+8-=/;.+:+=+8138A+81,/;1/;+5./81+85/-/:+=+87<,/;6+@+8+8+;+2./81+8+;+21/;+5<>7,/;,>8A3/:+=;+7,+=,>8A3.3>.+;+ 7<Tes Kompetensi Subbab C)"#&$ $%,#,$+! &Rangkuman /;.+<+;5+8<>7,/;8A+1/697,+81.35/697:955+87/84+.3.>+7+-+7A+3=>1/697,+817/5+835.+81/697,+81/6/5=;97+18/=35/;.+<+;5+8+;+21/=+;8A+1/697,+81.3,/.+5+87/84+.31/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6.+81/697,+8169813=>.38+6/<+;-/:+=;+7,+=1/697,+81,/;,+8.3816>;><./81+8:+84+811/697,+81.+8,/;,+8.381=/;,+635./81+8@+5=>>8=>57/8/7:>2<+=>1/697,+81 /<+;8A+.+A+A+81.3=;+8<73<35+87/6+6>3<>+=>1/697,+81,/;,+8.3816>;><./81+85>+.;+=+7:63=>.95>+.;+=0;/5>/8<3.+86+4>1/697,+81 (37:+81+81/697,+81,/;4+6+8.3<>+=>=3=35.38A+=+5+8./81+8:/;<+7++8<38<38 %/;<+7++85/-/:+=+8</,>+2=3=35.+6+7<>+=>1/697,+81=/;2+.+:@+5=>+.+6+2=>;>8+8:/;=+7+%A+81.38A+=+5+8./81+8:/;<+7++8<38 -9<Contoh 1.12!/;/=++:3,/;1/;+57/83811+65+8<=+<3>8./81+85/-/:+=+8 574+7(/9;+817+<383<7/7,>8A35+8:/6>3=8A+./81+80;/5>/8<3 B 35+-/:+=;+7,+=,>8A3.3>.+;+ 7<,/;+:+0;/5>/8<3A+81.3./81+;96/2:/=>1+<.3<=+<3>8=/;</,>=-35/=+2>35/;/=++:3 574+77<>.+;+ 7<:/8./81+; 7<:/8./81+;>.+;+:/8./81+;:/6>3=>.+;+5/;/=++:3 7< 7< B 7<7<B +.30;/5>/8<3A+81.3./81+;96/2:/=>1+<.3<=+<3>8=/;</,>=+.+6+2BKata Kunci•refleksi•tangki riak•sudut datang•sudut pantul•garis normal•refraksi•fatamorgana•indeks bias•sudut bias•polarisasi•interferensi•interferensi konstruktif•interferensi destruktif•efek DopplerGejala Gelombang27%/;-/:+=+81/=+;+8:+;=35/6.3=3=35%7/;>:+5+8=>;>8+8:/;=+7+.+;35/-/:+=+81/=+;=3=35%=/;</,>==/;2+.+:@+5=>-9< <38 %/;<+7++81/697,+81<=+<398/;+53,+=:/7+8=>6+8:+.+>4>81=+63,/,+<+.+6+2-9<<38 ./81+8-9< +.+6+2+7:63=>.91/697,+81<>:/;:9<3<3"/=+5<37:>6.+;3>4>81:/7+8=>6+8:+.+>4>81=+63,/,+<+.+6+2 "/=+5:/;>=./697,+81.+;3>4>81:/7+8=>6+8:+.+>4>81=+63,/,+<+.+6+2 %/;<+7++81/697,+81<=+<398/;+53,+=:/7+8=>6+8:+.+>4>81=+63=/;35+=+.+6+2<38-9< ./81+8<38 +.+6+2+7:63=>.91/697,+81"/=+5<37:>6.+;3>4>81:/7+8=>6+8:+.+>4>81=+63=/;35+=+.+6+2 .+:>86/=+5:/;>=1/697,+81.+;3>4>81:/7+8=>6+8:+.+>4>81=+63=/;35+=+.+6+2 /697,+81.+:+=7/81+6+73:/7+8=>6+8:/7,3+<+8:96+;3<+<338=/;0/;/8<3.+8.30;+5<3 >5>7(8/663><:+.+:/7,3+<+81/697,+81.38A+=+5+8./81+8:/;<+7++8 <38<38 0/59::6/;7/;>:+5+80/897/8+:/;>,+2+80;/5>/8<31/697,+81+53,+=:/81+;>21/;+5;/6+=30+8=+;+<>7,/;1/697,+81.+8:/81+7+=(/-+;+>7>7.38A+=+5+8./81+8:/;<+7++8Peta Konsep%/7+8=>6+8%/7,3+<+8%96+;3<+<38=/;0/;/8<330;+5<3$'%&/697,+81#/5+835/697,+81);+8<?/;<+6.+:+=7/81+6+73,/;.+<+;5+8<>7,/;8A+=/;.3;3+=+<,/;.+<+;5+8+;+21/=+;8A+=/;.3;3+=+<,/;.+<+;5+8+7:63=>.98A+=/;.3;3+=+</697,+816/5=;97+18/=35/697,+81"9813=>.38+6/697,+81(=+<398/;/697,+81/;4+6+8Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda tentu telahmengetahui jenis-jenis gelombang serta sifat-sifatnya.Dari materi bab ini, bagian mana yang Anda anggap sulit?Coba diskusikan dengan teman atau guru Fisika Anda.RefleksiSelain itu, coba Anda sebutkan manfaat lainnya yangAnda peroleh setelah mempelajari materi bab ini.Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII28PQRSTUV (/,>+21/697,+817/736353:/;<+7++8<37:+81+8 <38.+6+7<+=>+8(;/5>/8<3.+8:+84+811/697,+81=/;</,>=+.+6+2+B.+87. B.+8 7,B.+8 7/B.+87- B.+87*8=>5,/8.+A+817/81+6+731/=+;+82+;79835:+.+<++=<37:+81+87+5<37>7+5/-/:+=+8.+8:/;-/:+=+87+5<37>7,5/-/:+=+8.+8:/;-/:+=+873837>7-5/-/:+=+88A+7+5<37>7.+8:/;-/:+=+88A+896.5/-/:+=+88A+896.+8:/;-/:+=+88A+7+5<37>7/<37:+81+87+5<37>7/8/;138A+7+5<37>7/:+=;+7,+=1/697,+81:+.+=+63+.+6+2 -7<./81+80;/5>/8<3 B +;+5.>+=3=35:+.+=+63435+,/.+0+</5/.>+=3=35 +.+6+2+ -7. -7, -7/ -7--7 /697,+81(7/;+7,+=./81+8:/;<+7++8 <38<+=>+8.+8.+6+77/=/;.+8.+6+7</598%+.+<++=(=/6+2,/;1/=+; <<37:+81+8=3=35%A+81=/;6/=+5</4+>2 7.+;3(+.+6+2+ 7. 7, 7/ 7- 7(/,>+21/697,+81,/;4+6+87/6+6>3=3=35.+8A+81,/;4+;+5-7.+6+7+;+2.+;35/%+.+<++= <37:+81+81/697,+81.3+.+6+2896 35+:+84+811/697,+81 -7.+8+7:63=>.9 -7<37:+81+8=3=35:+.+<++=0+</=3=35;+.+.+6+2+-7.-7,-7/ -7--7(/,>+21/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6.38A+=+5+8./81+8:/;<+7++8<38 ./81+8.+8.+6+7-7.+8.+6+7</5987+5+ :+84+811/697,+818A+ -70;/5>/8<38A+ B+7:63=>.98A+ -7 -/:+=;+7,+=8A+ -7<%/;8A+=++8A+81,/8+;+.+6+2+ .+8. <+4+, .+8/</7>+,/8+;-.+8 %+.+:/;-9,++8#/6./.31>8+5+8</>=+<.+@+3A+81:+84+818A+ -7.+8,/;7+<<+1 35+.+@+3.3=/1+815+8./81+81+A+</,/<+; $5/-/:+=+8;+7,+=1/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6:+.+.+@+3+.+6+2+ 7<. 7<, 7</ 7<- 7<+&*)+63A+81:+84+818A+7.3=/1+815+8./81+81+A+$5/7>.3+8.3;+7,+=31/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6 35+-/:+=;+7,+=1/697,+81=/;</,>= 7<7+<<+=+63+.+6+2+1;+7.1;+7, 1;+7/ 1;+7-1;+7 %+.+:/;-9,++8 .31>8+5+8</>=+<,/8+81A+81:+84+818A+ 7/=/;7+<<+,/8+811;+7 35+,/,+8</,/<+; 51.31+8=>815+8:+.+,/8+81=/;</,>=.+8 7<7+5+5/-/:+=+8:/;+7,+=+81/697,+81:+.+,/8+81+.+6+2+7<. 7<, 7</ 7<- 7< (+=>:+84+811/697,+81+.+6+24+;+5+8=+;++:>8-+55/:>8-+5,/;>;>=+8,<37:>6.+8:/;>=,/;>;>=+8-:/;>=.+86/7,+2,/;>;>=+8.:>8-+55/6/7,+2,/;>;>=+8/<37:>65/<37:>6,/;>;>=+8 (/,>+21/697,+816+>=.+=+817/7/-+2:+8=+3</=3+:</598</5+63 +;+5</=3+:1/697,+81 7 +.36+4>1/697,+817/8>4>:+8=+3</,/<+;+ 7<.7<, 7</7<-7< +7,+;,/;35>=7/8>84>55+81/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6,/;4+6+8Tes Kompetensi Bab 1 !$! $ *$ *+,"-&.&($!&+(+&#)"#&$ (,#,$+! &+6+7<+=>:/;39./.3=/7:>24+;+5+%D&D'D(.&D'D(,'D(D)D*/'D(D)-%D&D'D(D) 35+1/697,+81+3;7/;+7,+=.+;3=/7:+=A+81.+6+75/=/7:+=A+816/,32.+815+67+5++-/:+=;+7,+=.+8:+84+811/697,+81=/=+:,-/:+=;+7,+=7/84+.36/,32,/<+;.+8:+84+811/697,+81=/=+:Gejala Gelombang29--/:+=;+7,+=7/81/-36.+8:+84+811/697,+817/7,/<+;.-/:+=;+7,+=.+8:+84+811/697,+817/81/-36/-/:+=;+7,+=7/81/-36.+80;/5>/8<37/7,/<+; /697,+817/;+7,+=7/6+6>3.>+B+=7>6+7>6+./81+85/-/:+=+87<<>.>=.+=+81 C.+8.3,3+<5+8:+.+B+=5/.>+./81+8<>.>= C/:+=;+7,+=1/697,+81:+.+B+=5/.>++.+6+2+7<.7<,7</7<-7< (/>=+<=+63:+84+818A+7.+8,/;7+<<+ 1;+7.3=/1+815+8./81+81+A+ $ 35+0;/5>/8<3<>7,/;1/=+;+88A+ B-/:+=;+7,+=1/697,+81=+63=/;</,>=+.+6+2+ 7<. 7<, 7</ 7<- 7< %/;3<=3@+:/;:+.>+8+8=+;+.>+1/697,+81.3<>+=>=3=35.+6+7@+5=>A+81,/;<+7++8.3</,>=+:/7,3+<+8..30;+5<3,:/7+8=>6+8/:96+;3<+<3-<>:/;:9<3<3 (/>=+<=+63A+81:+84+818A+ 75/.>+>4>818A+.335+=./81+8/;+=!/7>.3+8:+.+=+63.3=37,>65+81/697,+81</23811+=/;,/8=>5,>+2:/;>="/=+5:/;>=5/637+.+;3>4>81=/;4+>2+.+6+2+ 7. 7, 7/7- 7 35+</,>+21/697,+817/6/@+=3:/812+6+81A+817/736353-/6+2</7:3=+5+8=/;4+.3:/;3<=3@++38=/;0/;/8<3.;/0;+5<3,.30;+5<3/:96+;3<+<3-;/06/5<3 35+:+.+:/;-9,++8#/6./=/1+81+8.3,>+=</7,36+85+63.+;3</7>6+-/:+=;+7,+=1/697,+81:+.+=+63=/;</,>=7/84+.3+ 5+63</7>6+.5+63</7>6+, 5+63</7>6+/ 5+63</7>6+-5+63</7>6+ (/,>+2<>7,/;,>8A3./81+80;/5>/8<3 B,/;1/;+57/8./5+=3</9;+81:/81+7+=./81+85/-/:+=+8 7<!/-/:+=+8;+7,+=,>8A3.3>.+;++.+6+2</,/<+; 7< 35+:/81+7+=,/;1/;+57/84+>23<>7,/;,>8A3./81+85/-/:+=+8 7<,/<+;0;/5>/8<3,>8A3A+81.3./81+;96/2:/81+7+=+.+6+2+ B. B, B/ B- B 8.3,/;.3;3.3<+7:381<>7,/;,>8A3A+810;/5>/8<38A+B(/,>+2<>7,/;,>8A36+38./81+80;/5>/8<3B7/8./5+=38.3./81+85/-/:+=+87< 35+5/-/:+=+87/;+7,+=,>8A3.3>.+;++.+6+2 7<8.3+5+87/8./81+;6+A+81+8,>8A3./81+80;/5>/8<3+ .B,B/B- B(/,>+2<>7,/;,>8A3,/;1/;+5./81+85/-/:+=+8 7<7/8>4>:/8./81+;A+81.3+7</23811+0;/5>/8<3A+81.3./81+;96/2:/8./81+;+.+6+2 35+<>7,/;,>8A3=/;</,>=.3+7</.+815+8:/8./81+;,/;1/;+5./81+85/-/:+=+8 7<7/8./5+=3<>7,/;,>8A30;/5>/8<3A+81.3./81+;96/2:/8./81+;+.+6+2 35+-/:+=;+7,+=,>8A3.3>.+;+7<:/;,+8.381+8 +.+6+2+ . , / - (/9;+81:/8/;,+81A+81:/<+@+==/;,+818A+7/8>4>5/7/8+;+,+8.+;+7/8./81+;,>8A3<3;38/7/8+;+./81+80;/5>/8<3 B 35+:+.+<++=3=><3;38/7/7+8-+;5+8,>8A3./81+80;/5>/8<3 B.+8-/:+=;+7,+=,>8A3.3>.+;+ 7<5/-/:+=+8:/<+@+==/;,+81=/;</,>=+.+6+2+ 574+7. 574+7, 574+7/574+7- 574+7 (/,>+21/697,+81,/;4+6+87/6+6>3=3=35.+8A+81,/;4+;+5-7%+.+<++= <37:+81+81/697,+81.3+.+6+2 35+:+84+81 1/697,+818A+ -7.+8+7:63=>.98A+ -7 <37:+81+8=3=35:+.+<++=0+</=3=35+.+6+2-7+.,/ -(/>=+<=+63:+84+818A+ 7.31/=+;5+8=;+8<?/;<+6"+4>;+7,+=1/697,+81=;+8<?/;<+6:+.+=+63=/;</,>= 7< 35+1+A+=/1+81+8:+.+=+63=/;</,>=$7+<<+=+63+.+6+2+ 51. 51, 51/ 51- 51Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas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ext >