< PreviousGelombang Cahaya413.Daya Urai Optik#! 141<18;5=1=@D1>B52D18<5>B1D>CD;=5=9B18;1>21G1>71>41A94D1C9C9;G1>7C5A@9B18B1CDB1=1<19>@141:1A1;=9>9=D= %5=1=@D1>@5A25B1A1>1<1C1<1C?@C9;=9B1<>G1<D@=9;A?B;?@41>C5A?@?>74921C1B9?<5841G1DA19<5>B141>:D714921C1B9?<58@?<1496A1;B9G1>7C5A25>CD;@14121G1>71>25>419CD %/&%3 =5=@5A<981C;1>218F121G1>71>G1>7C5A:149=5AD@1;1>@?<1496A1;B9G1>749B5212;1>?<58 ! <D1BB9BC5=<5>B1?<581<1C1<1C?@C9;C5AB52DC *?<1496A1;B9G1>74925>CD;?<58B52D1835<182D<1CC5A49A91C1B25>CD;C5A1>7@DB1CG1>749;5<9<9>7939>39>C5A1>741>75<1@ +1<18B5?A1>79<=DF1> 13' %8.(+)*=5>G9=@D<;1>218F14D12D18C9C9;BD=25AG1>7C5A1>7>G1B1=11;1>C5A<981CC5A@9B18:9;1=1;B9=D=B5>CA1<1C1D@DB1C@DB1C41A9@?<1496A1;B9G1>7B1CD25AC5@1C1><5C1;>G145>71>=9>9=D=@5AC1=141A9@?<1496A1;B9C9C9;G1>7<19> *?<1C5AB52DC41@1C49:5<1B;1>45>71>=5>77D>1;1>%/&%3 $1A9:1A9<9>7;1A1>C5A1>7 G1>7C5A25>CD;41@1C491AC9;1>41G1@9B18@?<1496A1;B9G1>7C5A21C1B $9;13181G1=5<1<D9AD1>781=@11C1DD41A141G1DA1941A935<18<9>7;1A1>41@1C49C5>CD;1>45>71>@5AB1=11> K '5>DADC %8.(+)*41>(%04;A9C5A91:1A1;1>C1A1;54D1=1;B9=D=C5AB52DC@1<9>7;539<B1=145>71>:1A9:1A9<9>7;1A1>C5A1>7 '1;B9=D=G1>7;54D1:1CD8@141=9>9=D=G1>7@5AC1=11C1D:1A1;BD4DC1>C1A1;54D1@DB1C21G1>71>G19CDB9> K ->CD;BD4DCG1>7;539< K %5C5A1>71> 41G1DA19=:1A1;25>4141A9<5>B1=@1>:1>775<?=21>73181G1=491=5C5A2D;11><5>B1=BD4DC45E91B9Gambar 2.14Bayangan dari optik fisis dua bendayang berdekatan karena (a) beririsandan (b) terpisah dengan baik.Gambar 2.15Lukisan sinar dari sumber cahayadari sebuah celah bulat.Dcelah bulatpola difraksircahaya sumber datang2s1s2LDContoh 2.8%5C9;1491=5C5A=1C149@5A25B1AB1=@19==25A1@1:1A1;=9>9=D=1>C1A14D1BD=25AC9C9;G1>7=1B9841@1C492541;1>?<58=1C1@141:1A1; 3=41A9=1C1*1>:1>775<?=21>73181G149D41A1 >=41>9>45;B291B=1C1 *5A81C9;1>71=21A25A9;DC Merak jantan dengan bulu-buluekornya yang berwarna-warni danberukuran lebar menyebabkanlebih kelihatan menarik dibandingmerak betina. Keindahan bulumerak tersebut merupakan contohefek difraksi gelombang cahayaoleh bulu merak.Male with the largest or most colorfuladornments are often the mostattractive to females. The extraordinaryfeathers of a peacock’s tail are anexample of diffraction effect ofpeacock’s tail light wakes.Sumber: Biology Concepts & Connections,2006Informasiuntuk AndaInformation for YouMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII42 5<18CD>771<B5<521A ==49B9>1A93181G1G1>7@1>:1>775<?=21>7>G1 I *?<1496A1;B949C1>7;1@@141<1G1AG1>7:1A1;>G1 3=41A935<18 ,5>CD;1>:1A1;1>C1A171A9B75<1@;5C97141>71A9BC5A1>7@DB1CD>CD;BD4DCG1>7;539<B9>C1> 5A1@1<521A35<18CD>771<G1>749@5A<D;1>BD@1G141@1CC5A:1499>C5A65A5>B9=1;B9=D=?A45;5C97145>71>BD4DC496A1;B9 J41A9B525A;1BB9>1A=?>?;A?=1C9BG1>7=5=9<9;9@1>:1>775<?=21>7 I ,5>CD;1><1841G1DA19B52D1835<1845>71>491=5C5A ==41>:1A1;35<18;5<1G1A =5C5A45>71>@1>:1>775<?=21>73181G1>G1 >= $1A1;4D1<1=@D=?29<141<18 =5C5A41>491=5C5A@D@9<=1C1B5?A1>71>1; == $9;1@1>:1>775<?=21>73181G1G1>749@1>31A;1>;54D1<1=@DC5AB52DCA1C1A1C1 I25A1@1;18:1A1;=?29<=1;B9=D=BD@1G1>G1<1<1=@D9CD=1B9841@1C49@9B18;1>?<58=1C1 +5?A1>71>1;=5=2D;1=1C1<521A<521AB589>771491=5C5A9A9B>G1 3= $9;1497D>1;1>B9>1A;D>9>745>71>@1>:1>775<?=21>7 I25A1@1;1841G1@9B18=1C11>1;C5AB52DC41<1=A1491>41>45A1:1CTes Kompetensi Subbab B(3,%-%0.%*'%.%/&6-6.%5+*%0C.Polarisasi Cahaya1.Polarisasi pada Kristal 181G1G1>781>G1=5=9<9;91A1875C1A1>C5AC5>CD49B52DC3181G1C5A@?<1A9B1B9 941>7C1=@1;;54D4D;1>1A1875C1A1>C5AC5>CD41A93181G1C5A@?<1A9B1B949B52DC2941>7@?<1A9B1B9 $9;1B52D183181G11<1=91849<5F1C;1>@141B52D18;A9BC1<1A183181G1G1>7;5<D1A41A9;A9BC1<81>G141<1=B1CD1A18B1:1B589>77149B52DC3181G1C5A@?<1A9B1B9<9>51A $9;1;A9BC1<=5>G5A1@B521791>1A1875C1A>G1;A9BC1<9CD49B52DC *5A81C9;1>%/&%3 3181G141C1>7=9B1<>G1B9>1A1<1=9=1C181A9C941;C5A@?<1A9B1B949<5F1C;1>@141B52D18;A9BC1< %?=@?>5>E5AC9;1<49B5A1@?<58;A9BC1<41>3181G1G1>749C5ADB;1>C5A@?<1A9B1B9<9>51A +5<19>;A9BC1<@?<1A?94@D>41@1C=5=2D1C3181G1C5A@?<1A9B1B9 %/&%3 =5=@5A<981C;1>BDBD>1>4D1;5@9>7@?<1A?94B5:1:1A *?<1A?94@5AC1=149B52DC 41>;5@9>7G1>7;54D149B52DC 181G1G1>7;5<D1A41A9@?<1A?9481>G1=5=9<9;9B1CD1A1875C1A1>C5AC5>CD1C1D3181G1C5A@?<1A9B1B9;1A5>11A1875C1A1><19>>G149B5A1@ %/&%3 %=5=@5A<981C;1>@?<1A9B1C?A41>1>1<9B1C?AG1>749@1B1>7Kata Kunci•difraksi gelombang•kisi difraksi•sudut simpang (deviasi)•difraksi maksimum•difraksi celah tunggal•difraksi pada kisi•daya urai optik•apertur%7%& 9;5C18D9491=5C5A<5>B1=1C1==L K=@1>:1>775<?=21>73181G1 >=L K=9>45;B291B=1C1 *1>:1>775<?=21>73181G1;5C9;1=5=1BD;9=1C149@5A?<5845>71>=1C1 = =!$1A1;C9C9;25>41;5<5>B1 3= = 1G1DA19<5>B1=1C141@1C4989CD>7 = = =L K= Gambar 2.16Cahaya tak terpolarisasidilewatkan pada sebuah kristal.getaranhorizontaldiserapsempurnaoleh polaroidcahaya alamiyang datanggetaran vertikaldiserapsebagiancahaya diteruskanterpolarisasi linearGelombang Cahaya43Gambar 2.17(a) Polarisator dan analisator dipasangsejajar sehingga cahaya yangditeruskan di belakang analisator akanterpolarisasi linear.(b) Polarisator dan analisator dipasangtegak lurus sehingga cahaya tidakditeruskan oleh analisator.polarisatoranalisatorsumbercahayasumbercahayapolarisatoranalisatortidak adacahayacahaya yangditeruskanterpolarisasi12B5:1:1A1C1DB1=1;54D4D;1>>G13181G1G1>749C5ADB;1>C5A@?<1A9B1B9 *141%/&%3 &1A18CA1>B=9B91>1<9B1C?AC571;<DADB@1411A18CA1>B=9B9@?<1A9B1C?AC941;14175C1A1>G1>741@1C49C5ADB;1>1>1<9B1C?AB589>771>41C941;41@1C=5<981C3181G1 $9;125A;1B3181G11<1=91845>71>9>C5>B9C1B 49<5F1C;1>@141B52D18@?<1A9B1C?A9451<9>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>749<5F1C;1>141<18 1C1D ;1>C5C1@9:9;1;54D1>G149@1B1>725AB9<1>71>C941;1419>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>741@1C=5<5F1C91>1<9B1C?A >1<9B1C?A25A6D>7B941<1==5>71>1<9B9BB9>1AG1>749<5F1C;1>?<58@?<1A9B1C?A $9;11>1<9B1C?A49@DC1A@141B11C9CD=1C1=5<981CB9>1AC5A1>7 +9>1A=5A54D@@141B11C@?<1A9B1C?A41>1>1<9B1C?AB1<9>7C571;<DADB41>C1;1413181G1G1>749C5ADB;1> '5>DADC5+(00( 16+4 %.64 K 9>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>749<5F1C;1>@?<1A9B1C?A141<18 $9;1BD4DCBD=2D@?<1A9B1C?A41>1>1<9B1C?A141<18=1;19>C5>B9C1B3181G1B5C5<18=5<1<D91>1<9B1C?A141<18 3?B B589>771 3?B K *5AB1=11>9>949B52DC:D716-6/ %.6445>71> 141<189>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>7<5F1C1>1<9B1C?A41>141<18BD4DC1>C1A1@?<1A9B1C?A41>1>1<9B1C?A +1CD1>9>C5>B9C1B3181G1141<18F1CC = +525A;1B3181G11<1=91849<5F1C;1>@1414D1;5@9>7;131@?<1A?94G1>71A18@?<1A9B1B9B1CDB1=1<19>=5=25>CD;BD4DC J $9;19>C5>B9C1B3181G11<1=918>G1141<18 . = C5>CD;1>9>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>7C5<18=5<5F1C9;54D1;131@?<1A?94C5AB52DC %7%& 5>71>=5>77D>1;1> (34%/%%0 9 49@5A?<58 3?B . = 3?B . = . = $1499>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>749<5F1C;1>141<18. = Contoh 2.92.Polarisasi pada Pemantulan dan Pembiasan*5A81C9;1>%/&%3 & +525A;1BB9>1A41C1>7G1>749<5F1C;1>@141@5A=D;11>2941>721C1B4D1=549D=G1>79>45;B291B>G125A2541=9B1<>G1 41> B521791>B9>1A49@1>CD<;1>41>B521791><17949291B;1> $9;1B9>1A@1>CD<41>B9>1A291BB1<9>7C571;<DADB=5=25>CD;BD4DC JB9>1A@1>CD<25AD@1B9>1AC5A@?<1A9B1B9<9>51A@?<1A9B1B9B5=@DA>1 *141B11C9CDBD4DC41C1>749B52DCBD4DC@?<1A9B1B9 +D4DC41C1>79>949B52DCBD4DC@?<1A9B1B91C1DBD4DC " %/&%3 &=5=@5A<981C;1>B9>1A41C1>7@1412941>721C1B +521791>49@1>CD<;1>41>B521791><17949291B;1> +5BD1945>71>"D;D=+>5<<9DB B9> B9> 45>71> J1C1D K =1;141@1C49CD<9B;1>@5AB1=11>>G1G19CD B9> B9> K B9> 3?B B9>3?B Gambar 2.18Polarisasi pada (a) pemantulan dan(b) pembiasan.1terpolarisasicerminip2n1n2iprterpolarisasiMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII44 C1> K 5>71> 141<18BD4DC@?<1A9B1B91C1DBD4DC " 41> B5AC1 141<189>45;B291B=549D=B1CD41>=549D=4D1 3.Polarisasi pada Pembiasan Ganda*141;A9BC1<;1<B9C 1 );D1AB1+9) =9;1C?@1B41>5B3181G141@1C=5>71<1=9@5=291B1>71>41;1A5>1=5=9<9;94D1>9<199>45;B291B *141%/&%3 C1=@1;1414D121791>B9>1AG1>749291B;1> +9>1A C941;=5>79;DC9@5=291B1>=5>DADC"D;D=+>5<<9DB1C1D49B52DCB9>1A9BC9=5F1B9>1A =5>79;DC98D;D=@5=291B1>+>5<<9DB1C1D49B52DCB9>1A291B 4.Polarisasi karena Hamburan 181G1G1>741C1>7@141H1C71B1;1>=5>71<1=9@?<1A9B1B9B521791> <5;CA?>5<5;CA?>41<1=@1AC9;5<1;1>=5>G5A1@41>=5=1>31A;1>;5=21<9B521791>41A93181G1%/&%3 # # ! ! &1>79C@141B91>781A9C1=@1;25AF1A>129AD;1A5>1@5A9BC9F181=2DA1> *1AC9;5<@1AC9;5<D41A1=5>G5A1@B9>1A=1C181A941>=5=1>31A;1>>G1;5=21<9C5ADC1=1B9>1A29AD>G1 *141@17941>B?A581A9@1AC9;5<@1AC9;5<D41A11;1>=5>781=2DA;1><529821>G1;3181G129ADB589>771G1>7C5AB9B141A93181G1=1C181A9141<183181G1=5A18 D<1>C941;=5=9<9;91C=?B65AB589>771C941;41@1C=5>781=2DA;1>3181G1=1C181A9 )<58;1A5>19CD1C=?B65A D<1>C5A<981C75<1@ $9;13181G1C941;C5A@?<1A9B1B941C1>7@141BD1CD=549D=71B3181G1G1>74981=2DA;1>41@1CC5A@?<1A9B1B9B521791>1C1DB5<DAD8>G1 A18@?<1A9B1B9B545=9;91>AD@1B589>771C571;<DADBC5A8141@2941>7G1>74925>CD;?<5871A9BB9>1A41C1>741>71A9B@5>7<981C1> 5.Pemutaran Bidang Polarisasi%/&%3 =5=@5A<981C;1>B52D18 G1>7C5A49A91C1B4D12D18@?<1A?94G1>749@1B1>7@141B52D181<1CG1>749<5>7;1@945>71>B;1<145A1:1C41>;?C1;<1ADC1> *?<1A?94G1>745;1C45>71>BD=25A3181G149B52DC@?<1A9B1C?A41>G1>7<19>>G1141<181>1<9B1C?A 'D<1=D<1=1C14925<1;1>71>1<9B1C?AC941;=5<981C3181G1G1>741C1>775<1@ *5>D>:D;1>1<9B1C?A=5>D>:D;;1>BD4DC ;5=D491>491>C1A1@?<1A9B1C?A41>1>1<9B1C?A49<5C1;;1>25:1>1;131G1>725A9B9<1ADC1>7D<1 181G1G1>7=5<1<D9@?<1A9B1C?A1;1>=5<5F1C9<1ADC1>9>9B525<D=B1=@19;51>1<9B1C?A +5C5<18491=1C9C5A>G1C1B5;1A1>7=1C1=5<981C141>G13181G1C5A1>7 &1ADC1>7D<141<1=81<9>925A6D>7B9B521719@5=DC1A2941>775C1A 71A=5>:149<529875<1@<1791>1<9B1C?A49@DC1AB589>771=5>D>:D;;1>BD4DC $14925B1A>G1BD4DC@DC1A1>2941>775C1A3181G1G1>749<1;D;1>?<58<1ADC1>7D<1141<18 K &1ADC1>7D<1C5AB52DC49B52DC<1ADC1> &1ADC1>C5AB52DC141G1>741@1C=5=DC1A2941>775C1A@?<1A9B1B9;5;9A941>141:D71G1>7;5;1>1> 5>71>1<1CB5=131=9>9?A1>741@1C=5>5>CD;1>Gambar 2.20Polarisasi karena hamburan.partikel-partikelgasgelombang datangtak terpolarisasigelombang hamburanterpolarisasiGambar 2.21Pemutaran bidang polarisasi.cahaya alamitak terpolarisasicahayaterpolarisasisumbuanalisatorsumbupolarisatorE00cosEnormaln1n2(1)(2)Gambar 2.19Polarisasi pembiasan ganda.Gelombang Cahaya45;?>B5>CA1B9<1ADC1>?@C9;1;C96 *?<1A9=5C5AG1>7;8DBDBD>CD;=5>5>CD;1>;?>B5>CA1B9<1ADC1>7D<149B52DC 1A925A21719@5A3?211>49B9=@D<;1>218F161;C?A61;C?AG1>7=5=5>71AD89BD4DC@DC1A2941>775C1A141<18:5>9B<1ADC1>C521<<1ADC1>@1>:1>741>;?>B5>CA1B9<1ADC1> +531A1=1C5=1C9B41@1C49CD<9B;1>B52171925A9;DC K %5C5A1>71> BD4DC@DC1A2941>775C1A;?>B5>CA1B9<1ADC1>@1>:1>7<1ADC1>C521<BD4DC@DC1A1>:5>9B<1ADC1> 9;5C18D9BD4DC@?<1A9B1B9BD1CD3181G1@14121<?;5B141<18J $9;19>45;B291BD41A1 C5>CD;1><189>45;B291B21<?;5BC5AB52DC @129<19>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>7;5<D1A41A94D1;131@?<1A?94G1>749@1B1>7=5=25>CD;BD4DC JB1CDB1=1<19>41A93181G1=D<1=D<1 ,5>CD;1>25B1A>G1BD4DCG1>74925>CD;?<58;54D1;131@?<1A?94C5AB52DC $9;19>45;B291BD41A1141<18 BD4DC@?<1A9B1B93181G1@14121<?;5B141<18J ,5>CD;1>9>45;B291B21<?;5BC5AB52DC %7%& 9;5C18D9 J 5>71>=5>77D>1;1> (34%/%%0 949@5A?<58C1> C1> C1>J $1499>45;B291B21<?;5B141<18 +52D18B1381A9=5C5AG1>7@1>:1>7>G1 3=25A9B9<1ADC1>7D<1@1B9A45>71>@DC1A1>:5>9B<1ADC1>>G1 J $9;1497D>1;1>B9>1A>1CA9D=@5=DC1A1>2941>7@?<1A9B1B9>G1 J89CD>7<18;?>B5>CA1B9<1ADC1>9CD %7%& 9;5C18D9 3= = J J %?>B5>CA1B9<1ADC1>41@1C49@5A?<5845>71> (34%/%%0 949@5A?<58 = $149;?>B5>CA1B9<1ADC1>141<18 L Contoh 2.10Contoh 2.11Kata Kunci•bidang polarisasi•dichroic•polarisator•analisator•sudut polarisasi/sudut Brewster•hamburan•polarimeter•larutan optik aktif•sacharimeterTes Kompetensi Subbab C(3,%-%0.%*'%.%/&6-6.%5+*%0 +52D18B1381A9=5C5A=5=9<9;9C12D>7G1>7@1>:1>7>G1 3=25A9B9<1ADC1>7D<145>71>;5@5;1C1> 41>=5=9<9;9BD4DC@DC1A1>:5>9BJ ,5>CD;1>BD4DC@5=DC1A1>2941>7@?<1A9B1B9>G1:9;149@5A7D>1;1>B9>1A>1CA9D= Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII46Setelah mempelajari bab ini, tentu Anda menjaditahu bahwa cahaya merupakan gelombang elektro-magnetik yang dapat mengalami proses interferensi,difraksi, dan polarisasi. Dari semua materi pada bab ini,Refleksibagian mana yang menurut Anda sulit dipahami? CobaAnda diskusikan bersama teman atau guru Fisika Anda.Selain itu, coba Anda sebutkan manfaat yang Andaperoleh setelah mempelajari materi bab ini.Rangkuman 181G1C5A=1BD;75<?=21>75<5;CA?=17>5C9;B589>771@5A1=21C1>>G1C941;=5=5A<D;1>=549D= #>C5A65A5>B9141<18@5A9BC9F1@5>7712D>71>4D175<?=21>71C1D<529841A975<?=21>7G1>7;?85A5> 181G141@1C25A9>C5A65A5>B9:9;1BD=25A3181G1>G1;?85A5>1AC9>G1=5=9<9;96A5;D5>B9B1=141>254161B5C5C1@ +D=25A3181G1G1>7;?85A5>41@1C491=1C9=5<1<D9@5A3?211>$160)41>3(40(.. #>C5A65A5>B93181G1=5>781B9<;1>@?<175<1@C5A1>7 *?<175<1@4981B9<;1>41A99>C5A65A5>B945BCAD;C96B1<9>7=5<5=18;1>1;921C@5>7712D>71>4D175<?=21>7G1>7=5=9<9;961B525A<1F1>1> *5AB1=11>B5<9B98:1A1;G1>749C5=@D875<?=21>7141<18 B9> 45>71> *?<1C5A1>74981B9<;1>41A99>C5A65A5>B9;?>BCAD;C96B1<9>7=5>7D1C;1>1;921C@5>7712D>71>4D175<?=21>7G1>7=5=9<9;961B5B1=1 *5AB1=11>B5<9B98:1A1;G1>749C5=@D875<?=21>7141<18B9> 45>71> $1A1;41A9C5A1>7@DB1C;5@?<1C5A1>7;5141<18#$1A1;41A9C5A1>7@DB1C;5@?<175<1@;5141<18 # 96A1;B975<?=21>7141<18@A?B5B@5=25<?;1>75<?=21>7G1>749B5212;1>?<58141>G1@5>781<1>725AD@135<181C1DBD4DC@5>781<1>7G1>7=5>781<1>79B521791>=D;175<?=21>7 5<1845=9;91>49B52DC;9B9496A1;B9 $1A1;1>C1A35<1841<1=;9B949B52DCC5C1@1>;9B9 *141496A1;B935<18CD>771<@9C175<1@;5C5A:149:9;1B9>45>71> B541>7;1>@9C1C5A1>7;5C5A:149:9;1B9> 45>71> K 141<1829<1>71>71>:9< 96A1;B9@141;9B9C5A:149:9;13181G149<5F1C;1>@14135<1835<18G1>7=5=9<9;9:1A1;G1>7B1=1 1G1DA19?@C9;141<18;5=1=@D1>B52D18<5>B1D>CD;=5=9B18;1>21G1>71>41A94D1C9C9;G1>7C5A@9B18B1CDB1=1<19>@141:1A1;=9>9=D= *?<1A9B1B9141<18@A?B5B@5>G1A9>71>1A1875C1ABD1CD75<?=21>7 <1CD>CD;=5>G1A9>71A1875C1A9>949B52DC@?<1A?94B1<18B1CD3?>C?8>G1141<18;A9BC1< #>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>749<5F1C;1>@141@?<1A9B1C?A;5@9>7@?<1A?94141<18 #>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>749<5F1C;1>@1411>1<9B1C?A141<18 3?B 45>71>BD4DCG1>74925>CD;1>C1A1BD=2D@?<1A9B1C?A41>BD=2D1>1<9B1C?A 96A1;B9=5=2181B 96A1;B9 5<18,D>771< 96A1;B9@141%9B9*?<1A9B1B9=5=2181B*?<1A9B1B9@141%A9BC1<*?<1A9B1B9@141*5=1>CD<1>41>*5=291B1>*?<1A9B1B9@141*5=291B1>!1>41C5A49A91C1B#>C5A65A5>B9'9>9=D=#>C5A65A5>B9'1;B9=D=#>C5A65A5>B9*?<1A9B1B9;1A5>1"1=2DA1>*5=DC1A1> 941>7*?<1A9B1B9 181G13?>C?8>G1(.1/&%0).(-531/%)0(5+-Peta Konsep41@1C=5>71<1=9Gelombang Cahaya47Tes Kompetensi Bab 2 +.+*.%*4%.%*4%56,%7%&%08%0)2%.+0)5(2%5'%0-(3,%-%0.%*2%'%&6-6.%5+*%0 +D4DC@9C1C5A1>7C5>71841A9496A1;B9?A45;54D1G1>74981B9<;1>?<58;9B945>71> 35<18 3=B525B1A J '1;1@1>:1>775<?=21>73181G1G1>749@5A7D>1;1>141<18 1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I $9;1B9>1AG1>7:1CD8C571;<DADB491C1B@5A=D;11>=9>G1;491C1B19AC521<<1@9B1>=9>G1;9>45;B291B>G141>@1>:1>775<?=21>741A93181G1G1>7=5>781B9<;1>9>C5A65A5>B9=1;B9=D==1;1@5AB1=11>G1>7=5=5>D89141<18 1 2 3 4 5 ->CD;=5>5>CD;1>@1>:1>775<?=21>7=?>?;A?=1C9B497D>1;1>@5A3?211>0?D>7G1>741C1>G1B52171925A9;DC $1A1;1>C1A1;54D135<18>G1 ==:1A1;35<18;5<1G1A 3=B5AC1:1A1;1>C1A171A9B75<1@;5 41>71A9B75<1@;5@141<1G1A == *1>:1>775<?=21>7B9>1A=?>?;A?=1C9BC5AB52DC141<18 1 >=4 >=2 >=5 >=3 >= *141@5A3?211>0?D>74D135<1825A:1A1; ==49<5C1;;1>@141:1A1; =41A9B52D18<1G1A $9;1:1A1;C5A45;1C1>C1A1@?<19>C5A65A5>B971A9BC5A1>7@5AC1=141>71A9BC5A1>7;5B525<1B141<18==@1>:1>775<?=21>73181G1G1>7=5>G9>1A9141<18 1 I4 I2 I5 I3 I *A9>B9@41B1A41A94D1BD=25A3181G1;?85A5>141<18 1 ;54D1>G1B1>71C25A45;1C1>2 1=@<9CD4?>G1B1=13 B9=@1>71>>G1B5<1<DB1=14 254161B5;54D1>G1141<18C5C1@5 ;54D1>G1=5=1>31A;1>3181G1G1>725A@1@1B1> 9>39>(5FC?>C5A:149;1A5>175:1<1 1 496A1;B92 @?<1A9B1B93 49B@5AB94 9>C5A65A5>B95 A56A1;B9 *141@5A3?211>0?D>735<1871>41:9;1:1A1;1>C1A14D135<18>G149:149;1>4D1;1<9B5=D<1=1;1:1A1;1>C1A14D171A9B75<1@G1>725ADADC1> 1 ;1<9B5=D<12 ;1<9B5=D<13 M;1<9B5=D<14 N;1<9B5=D<15 C5C1@C941;25AD218 @129<19>C5>B9C1B3181G1=D<1=D<1G1>7=5<5F1C94D1@<1CA5C1A41B9141<18 1>C1A1;54D1@<1C=5=25>CD;BD4DC J9>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>749<5F1C;1>?<58;54D1@<1C141<18 1 4 2 5 3 +52D18@?<1A?94=5=9<9;9@?<1A9B1C?A41>1>1<9B1C?AG1>749@1B1>7=5=25>CD;BD4DC J9>C5>B9C1B3181G1G1>749C5ADB;1>1;1>B521>49>745>71> 1 4 2 5 3 D135<18B5=@9CG1>7C5A@9B18@141:1A1; ==49B9>1A9C571;<DADB !1A9BC5A1>7;5C971C5A<5C1;==41A971A9BC5A1>7;5>?<@141<1G1AG1>7:1A1;>G1 =41A935<18 *1>:1>775<?=21>7B9>1AG1>749@1;19141<18 1 L K==2 L K==3 L K==4 L K==5 L K== +525A;1BB9>1A=?>?;A?=1C9B45>71>@1>:1>775<?=21>7L K=41C1>7C571;<DADB@141;9B9 $9;1B@5;CAD=?A45;54D1=5=2D1CBD4DC J45>71>71A9B>?A=1<@141;9B9=1;1:D=<1871A9B@5A3=;9B9141<18 1 L 4 L 2 L 5 L 3 L 1<?;;1311;1>=5>781B9<;1>B9>1A@1>CD<C5A@?<1A9B1B9<9>51A:9;1B9>1A@1>CD<41>B9>1A291B=5=25>CD;BD4DC 1 J4 J2 J5 J3 JMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII48%7%&.%*2(35%08%%0&(3+-65+0+'(0)%05(2%5 D135<1845>71>:1A1; ==49B9>1A9C571;<DADB !1A9BC5A1>7;5C971C5A<5C1;==41A971A9BC5A1>7;5>?<@141<1G1AG1>725A:1A1; =41A935<18 5A1@1@1>:1>775<?=21>7B9>1AG1>749@1;19 181G1BD1CDBD=25A=5<1<D94D135<18B5=@9CG1>7C5A@9B18 == $9;1:1A1;1>C1A14D135<18B5=@9CC5A8141@<1G1A 3=41>:1A1;1>C1A171A9B75<1@@5AC1=141>71A9BC5A1>7@5AC1=1141<18 ==25A1@1;18@1>:1>775<?=21>73181G1G1>7497D>1;1> $9;1@5A3?211>35<1871>410?D>74935<D@;1>;541<1=19A21719=1>1;18@5AD2181>@1419>C5A65A5>B9G1>7C5A:149 +52D18B1381A9=5C5A=5=9<9;9C12D>7G1>7499B9<1ADC1>7D<1@1>:1>7>G1 3= %?>B5>CA1B97D<1G1>7497D>1;1> 41>BD4DC@DC1A:5>9B<1ADC1>141<18@5A 3= $9;1497D>1;1>B9>1A>1CA9D=C5>CD;1>@5=DC1A1>2941>7@?<1A9B1B93181G1?<58<1ADC1> +525A;1B3181G1=?>?;A?=1C9B49:1CD8;1>@1414D135<18B5=@9CE5AC9;1<25A45;1C1>45>71>:1A1; == *?<19>C5A65A5>B9G1>7C5A:14949C1>7;1@@141:1A1; 3=41A935<18 9;5C18D9218F1:1A1;1>C1A171A9B75<1@@5AC1=149B525<18;9A9;571A9B75<1@@5AC1=149B525<18;1>1>141<18 == *1>:1>775<?=21>725A;1B3181G1141<18 1 >=2 >=3 >=4 >=5 >=! ()+10%. +D1CD3181G1=5>5A1>7935<1871>41G1>7=5=9<9;9:1A1;1>C1A35<18 3=B545=9;91>89>771C5A25>CD;@?<175<1@C5A1>7@141<1G1AG1>725A:1A1; 3= %5C9;1@5=9B181>1>C1A@?<1C5A1>7141<18 3==1;1@1>:1>775<?=21>73181G1G1>7497D>1;1>C5AB52DC141<18 1 >=4 >=2 >=5 >=3 >=# " %810 .1A>1D>7D41A9B@5;CAD=?A45;5C97125A9=@9C45>71>F1A>1=5A18?A45;54D141A9BD1CD@5A9BC9F1496A1;B9G1>7=5=@5A7D>1;1>;9B99>925A1AC9@5A21>49>71>1>C1A1B9>1A@1>:1>775<?=21>7B9>1AD>7D41>B9>1A=5A18141<18 1 2 3 4 5 B5=D1:1F121>B1<18Gelombang Bunyi49Gelombang Bunyi•mendeskripsikan gejala dan ciri-ciri gelombang bunyi;•menerapkan konsep dan prinsip gelombang bunyi dalam teknologi.Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda harus mampu: 2A2D<29?52>6>32H2?8<2?5E?:2D2?A2252?H23E?H: E?:22<2?D6B2C2CE?H:D2?A2252?H23E?H:6B282>;6?:C3E?H:>6?;25:<2?5E?:2:?:=63:9O9:5EAP?5252A2D>6?56?82B<2?>EC:<<2B6?2252?H2A6B2>32D2?86=@>32?83E?H:H2?8C2>A2:<6D6=:?82?52+29E<29?52C:72DC:72D52?<=2C:7:<2C:86=@>32?83E?H:,=DB2C@?:<>6BEA2<2?C2=29C2DE;6?:C3E?H:H2?852A2D5:A2?42B<2?@=69<6=6=2G2B 6=@>32?83E?H:D6BC63ED36BA6B2?C63282:OA6?8:?5B2P<6D:<2<6=6=2G2BD6B32?8A252>2=2>92B:*6=2:?E=DB2C@?:<D6B52A2D;6?:C86=@>32?83E?H:=2:??H2,?DE<>6?86D29E:=63:9=2?;EDD6?D2?8;6?:C;6?:C86=@>32?83E?H:C:72DC:72D86=@>32?83E?H:52?76?@>6?276?@>6?2=2:??H2H2?836B<2:D2?56?82?86=@>32?83E?H:C6BD2A6?6B2A2??H252=2>D6<?@=@8:A6=2;2B:=29>2D6B:A252323:?:C642B232:<menerapkan konsep dan prinsip gejala gelombang dalam menyelesaikanmasalah.Hasil yang harus Anda capai:49A.Sifat DasarGelombang BunyiB.Cepat Rambat BunyiC.Unsur Bunyi danPemanfaatanGelombang BunyiD.Sifat-SifatGelombang BunyiE.Dawai dan PipaOrgana sebagaiSumber BunyiF.Energi GelombangBunyiKelelawar ladam kuda (horseshoe bat) dapat memancarkan gelombang bunyiultrasonik yang berfungsi sebagai pengindra ketika terbang pada malam hari.Bab3Sumber: Fundamental of Physics, 2001Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII50A.Sifat Dasar Gelombang BunyiA2<29?52>6?86D29E:AB@C6CD6B;25:?H23E?H:(25252C2B?H2C6CE2DEH2?836B86D2B252=29CE>36B3E?H:E?H:C66<@B?H2>E<D6B56?82B<2B6?2<6A2<2?3E=E3E=E<65E2C2H2A?H2H2?8>6>:=:<:7B6<E6?C:C6<:D2B IE?H:C66<@B;2?8<B:<D6B56?82B2<:32D252?H286D2B2?<65E2C2H2A?H2H2?836B86C6<2?C642B2D6BEC>6?6BEC 6=@>32?8:?7B2C@?:<5:A2?42B<2?@=69C66<@BA2EC56?82?7B6<E6?C:C2?82DB6?5295:32G29 ID6D2A:>2>AE5:D2?8<2A@=69A2ECH2?8=2:?G2=2EAE?;2?8<2E2??H2B2DEC2?<:=@>6D6B6B365256?82?CE>36BCE>36B3E?H:D6BC63ED3E?H:A2522=2D2=2D>EC:<H2?852A2D<:D256?82BD6B>2CE<86=@>32?82E5:@C@?:<E?H:H2?8<6=E2B52B:2=2D>EC:<36BC:72DD6B2DEBC69:?8825:?2>2<2?56?82??25252AE?3E?H:H2?8D:52<D6B2DEB5:?2>2<2?56C29(6B92D:<2?#/$#3 (25282>32BD6BC63EDD6B=:92D86D2B2?=@?46?8>6?892C:=<2?86=@>32?83E?H:H2?8>6B2>32D>6=2=E:>65:2E52B2>6?E;ED6=:?82H2?836BEA286=@>32?8=@?8:DE5:?2=(25252C2B?H286=@>32?83E?H:52A2D>6B2>32D5:>65:E>2A2AE?(6B92D:<2? #$'. <6>2>AE2?>65:E>E?DE<>6?886D2B<2?A2BD:<6=36B36523652329<2?252>65:E>H2?852A2D>6B652>3E?H:>:C2=?H22:B 6=@>32?83E?H:52A2D>6?E?;E<<2?C:72DC:72DE>E>86=@>32?8C6A6BD:52A2D>6?82=2>::?D6B76B6?C:5:7B2<C:B67B2<C:52?B6C@?2?C:?52;E822<2?>6>A6=2;2B:A6B:CD:G2CEA6BA@C:C:C6A6BD:CEA6BA@C:C:5E286=@>32?83E?H:H2?8<64:=A6B36522?7B6<E6?C:?H2C69:?882>6?892C:=<2?3E?H:<E2D=6>29C642B2A6B:@5:<H2?85:C63EDA6=2H2?82?3E?H:6B52C2B<2?2B29B2>32D?H2D6B>2CE<86=@>32?82A2<293E?H::DE82B?52>6>292>:?H2A6B92D:<2?#/$#3 #/$#3 >6?E?;E<<2?CE>36B3E?H:36BEA286D2B2?>6>3B2?32C5BE> 6D2B2?C6=2AEDH2?8>6BEA2<2?56?HED36B5:>6?C:5E25:A2?DE=<2?C642B236BE=2?8E=2?8@=6932D2CC6=2AEDC69:?882C6=2AED2<2?36B86D2BC642B2A6B:@5:<#6D:<2C6=2AED36B86B2<<6=E2B2<2?D6B;25:A6>2>A2D2?E52B25:56A2??H2(6>2>A2D2?D6BC63ED>6?H6323<2?D6<2?2?E52B236BD2>329H2?85:C63ED526B29B2A2D2?)2A2D2?36B86B2<>6?;2E9:C6=2AED52=2>32D2C<646A2D2?3E?H:)2A2D2?52?B6?882?82?H2?8D6B36?DE<52B:A2BD:<6=A2BD:<6=E52B2>:B:A56?82?B2A2D2?52?B6?882?82?86=@>32?8=@?8:DE5:?2=A252C=:?<:"25:86=@>32?8=@?8:DE5:?2=>6BEA2<2?C:72D52C2B86=@>32?83E?H: #$'. 6A2D)2>32DE?H:636B2A2292?A252*E9E L #/##*#0'&+6/'2#5 #/$#5608+/4:B:B=2ED=E>:?:E>6C:52?2;2 6=2C 6=:E> :5B@86?#2HE<6B2C,52B2 Gambar 3.1Gelombang bunyi darilonceng yang bergetarmerambat melalui mediaudara sampai ke telinga.Gambar 3.2Getaran dari membran basdrum membuat partikel udaramerapat dan merenggang. '$'.6//'/2'.#,#3+-104'2'.1/$#0)608+-'3,#-#0.#*41#.41#.$'3+-65&#.#/$6-6.#5+*#0Tes Kompetensi Awal 6B52C2B<2?CE>36B?H23E?H:D6B>2CE<;6?:C86=@>32?82A2 A2<2986=@>32?83E?H:52A2D>6?82=2>:A@=2B:C2C: A2H2?85:>2<CE556?82?2E5:@C@?:<:?7B2C@?:<52?E=DB2C@?:<A2H2?85:>2<CE556?82?86>252?82E?8A2<2986=@>32?8H2?85:A2?42B<2?A6>2?42BB25:@D6B>2CE<86=@>32?8=@?8:DE5:?2=rapatanrengganganxtekananudaraSumber: Physics, 1995Next >