< PreviousGelombang Bunyi51E?H:52A2DD6B56?82B;:<286D2B2?52B:CE>36B?H252A2D>6B2>32D9:?882<6D6=:?82%65:2B2>32D2??H252A2D36BEA2I2DA252DI2D42:B52?I2D82C"25:5:A6B=E<2?>65:E>E?DE<>6?;2=2B<2?3E?H:%2C:9:?82D<29?52A6B:CD:G2D6?D2?83E?H:H2?852A2D>6B2>32D>6=2=E:C6ED2C36?2?832C29H2?8<65E2E;E?8?H2D6B9E3E?8<2=6?8CECE56?82?32?DE2?CE2B2D6>2??52&29>6?EBED?5252A2D<293E?H:>6B2>32D5:52=2>F2<E>,?DE<>6?86D29E:;2G232??H2=2<E<2?=292<D:F:D2C36B:<EDAktivitas Fisika 3.1Kata Kunci•gelombang bunyi•gelombang longitudinal•gelombang infrasonik•gelombang audiosonik•nada•desah•pelayangan bunyi•ruang vakumGelombang longitudinal adalahgelombang yang arah getarnyasearah dengan arah rambatannyaIngatlah A2<29H2?85:>2<CE556?82?CE>36B3E?H: *63ED<2?C:72DC:72DH2?85:>:=:<:86=@>32?83E?H: A2<293E?H:52A2D>6B2>32D5:BE2?892>A2E52B2%6?82A26B52C2B<2?2B2986D2B?H2D6B>2CE<86=@>32?82A2<293E?H::DEA2<29A6B36522?2?D2B2?25252?56C29Tes Kompetensi Subbab A'3,#-#0.#*&#.#/$6-6.#5+*#0B.Cepat Rambat Bunyi6A2DB2>32D3E?H:D:52<36B82?DE?8A252D6<2?2?E52B2"25:;:<2D6B;25:A6BE3292?D6<2?2?E52B246A2DB2>32D3E?H:D:52<36BE3296A2DB2>32D3E?H:36B82?DE?8A252CE9E*6>2<:?D:?88:CE9EE52B2C6>2<:?36C2B46A2DA6B2>32D2?3E?H: :526B29A68E?E?82?46A2DB2>32D3E?H:=63:9=2>32D52B:A25246A2DB2>32D3E?H:5:<2G2C2?A2?D2: :E52B246A2DB2>32D3E?H:36B82?DE?8A252;6?:CA2BD:<6=H2?8>6>36?DE<E52B2D6BC63ED(6BC2>22??H252A2D5:DE=:C<2?C63282:36B:<ED$ N A2H2?852A2D?52C:>AE=<2?52B:2<D:F:D2CD6BC63ED%6?82A2<6D:<2E52B25:52=2>D23E?85::C2A=2>2<6=2>22?3E?H:;2>G6<6BD6BC63EDD:52<D6B56?82B 2=D6BC63ED>6>3E<D:<2?329G286=@>32?83E?H:>6>6B=E<2?>65:E>E?DE<>6B2>32DTugas Anda 3.1Apakah bunyi termasuk gelombangelektromagnetik? Sebutkan alasan-alasan yang mendasari jawaban Andatersebut.Bunyi dalam Ruang VakumTujuan PercobaanMenyelidiki apakah bunyi dapat merambat melaluiruang hampa.Alat-Alat Percobaan1.Jam weker2.Tabung hampa udara (vakum)Langkah-Langkah Percobaan1.Bunyikan jam weker tanpa ditutup oleh tabungvakum.2.Tutup jam weker dengan tabung vakum. Amatiyang terdengar dari jam weker tersebut.3.Gunakan sebuah pengisap untuk mengisap udaradalam tabung vakum secara perlahan-lahan.4.Amati perubahan intensitas bunyi jam weker tersebut.Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII522?5:?8<2?<646A2D2?3E?H:52=2>2=E>:?:E>52?2:B;:<2>@5E=EC.@E?8E?DE<2=E>:?:E> Q & > >@5E=ECE=<2:B Q & > 52?<646A2D2?2:B <8 > #7#$ :<6D29E: Q & > <8 > Q & > <8 > $ $ & > <8 > & > <8 > > C > 4#646A2D2?3E?H:5:2:BD6B?H2D2=63:9<64:=52B:A252<646A2D2?3E?H:52=2>2=E>:?:E> 2=D6BC63ED5:C6323<2?42:B2?=63:9<@>AB6C:36==63:9>E52936BE32936?DE<5:32?5:?8<2?56?82?I2DA252D>@5E=ECE=<42:B2?=63:9<64:=5:32?5:?8<2?56?82?>@5E=EC.@E?8E?DE<I2DA252DContoh 3.1Cepat rambat bunyi di udarabergantung pada suhu udara.IngatlahTugas Anda 3.2Bandingkan nilai cepat rambat bunyidi udara yang Anda dapatkan daripercobaan dan dari buku referensi.Jika ada perbedaan, berikan analisisAnda mengenai hal tersebut.Iskandar mendengarkan kembalisuaranya sebagai gema dari sebuahtebing setelah waktu 4 detik. Jikaadalah perbandingan panas jenisudara pada tekanan dan suhukonstan, serta Iskandar mengetahuibahwa suhu saat itu T kelvin danmassa molekul relatif udara M,Iskandar dapat menentukan jaraktebing menurut persamaan ....a.RTMd.6RTMb.2RTMe.8RTMc.4RTMUMPTN 1996Pembahasan:d = 2vt v = RTMd = 2RTtM = 42RTMPembahasan Soal6A2DB2>32D86=@>32?83E?H:5:E52B2A252CE9E L252=29 > C":<2CE9EE52B2?2:<>6?;25: LD6?DE<2?46A2DB2>32D86=@>32?83E?H:D6BC63ED#7#$#6D:<2CE9EE52B2?2:<<646A2D2?3E?H:2<2?C6>2<:?36BD2>329 2=D6BC63ED5:C6323<2?86B2<2?86B2<2?>@=6<E=E52B2H2?8>6B2>32D<2?3E?H:36BD2>32946A2D :<6D29E: # #$ > CContoh 3.2#6D6B2?82?<@?CD2?D2$2A=246D6D2A2?E>E>82C " >@=#CE9E>ED=2<82C<6=F:? >2CC2>@=6<E=82C8B2> >@=6A2DB2>32D3E?H:52=2>I2DA252D5:D6?DE<2?@=69>@5E=EC.@E?852?>2CC2;6?:CI2DD6BC63ED(6BC2>22??H252A2D5:DE=:C<2?C63282:36B:<ED$ N #6D6B2?82? >@5E=EC.@E?8I2DA252D& > >2CC2;6?:CI2DA252D<8 > :52=2>I2D42:B46A2DB2>32D3E?H:5:D6?DE<2?@=69>@5E=ECE=<52?<6B2A2D2?>2CC2;6?:C42:B2?D6BC63ED(6BC2>22??H252A2D5:DE=:C<2?C63282:36B:<ED$ N #6D6B2?82? >@5E=ECE=<& > >2CC2;6?:CI2D42:B<8 > = 2RTMJawaban: bGelombang Bunyi53Kata Kunci•cepat rambat bunyi•konstanta Laplace•modulus Young•modulus Bulk $$ $ $ > C"25:46A2DB2>32D3E?H:36BD2>329>6?;25: > CTes Kompetensi Subbab B'3,#-#0.#*&#.#/$6-6.#5+*#0 +6?DE<2?<646A2D2?3E?H:52=2>82C<2B3@?5:@<C:52A252CE9E L;:<236B2D>@=6<E=' 52? 6A2DB2>32D3E?H:A252CE9E LC2>256?82? > C+6?DE<2?46A2DB2>32D3E?H:A252CE9E L 6A2DB2>32D3E?H:52=2>82C' 252=29 > C 6B2A2<2946A2DB2>32D?H252=2>82C' A252CE9EH2?8C2>2 :DE?846A2DB2>32D3E?H:A252C632D2?836C: Q & > 52?8B2> 4> 6B2A2<2=:=:A2D<29<646A2D2?3E?H:A25232;25:32?5:?8<2?56?82?<646A2D2?3E?H:A2522=E>:?:E>;:<2>@5E=EC.@E?8E?DE<32;252?2=E>:?:E>>2C:?8>2C:?8 Q & > 52?Q & > C6BD2>2CC2;6?:C32;252?2=E>:?:E>>2C:?8>2C:?88B2> 4> 52? 8B2> 4> C.Unsur Bunyi dan Pemanfaatan GelombangBunyi,?CEBE?CEB3E?H:2?D2B2=2:?C63282:36B:<ED1.Tinggi Nada Bunyi(252A@<@<3292C2?C636=E>?H2?52D6=29>6?86D29E:329G23E?H:5:D:>3E=<2?@=69CE2DE36?52H2?836B86D2B*6>2<:?32?H2<;E>=2986D2B2?H2?85:92C:=<2?52=2>C2DEC6=2?8G2<DED6BD6?DE3E?H:H2?85:92C:=<2?2<2?C6>2<:??H2B:?8(25282>32B#/$#3 C6@B2?82?2<D6B=:92DC652?8>6?6>A6=<2?32D2?8=:5:5:;2B:;2B:B@52C6A652H2?8C652?836BAED2B":<2B@52D6BC63ED5:AED2BC6>2<:?46A2D2A2<293E?H:H2?85:92C:=<2?2<2?C6>2<:??H2B:?8+6B?H2D2A252AED2B2?H2?8=2>32D3E?H:H2?8D6B56?82B36B?252B6?529(252C22DAED2B2?B@52C6A6525:A6B46A2D3E?H:H2?8D6B56?82B36B?252D:?88: 2=D6BC63ED>6>3E<D:<2?329G2D:?88:?25236B82?DE?8A2527B6<E6?C:CE>36B3E?H:2.Kuat Bunyi#E2D3E?H:H2?85:92C:=<2?36B82?DE?8A2522>A=:DE5@86D2B2?(6B92D:<2?#/$#3 H2?8>6?6B2?8<2?A6B4@322?A252C6?2B8:D2B(6D:<=29C2=29C2DEC6?2B8:D2B56?82?C:>A2?82?H2?8D:52<D6B=2=E36C2B 6?82B<2?32:<32:<<E2D3E?H:H2?85:92C:=<2?=2=E32?5:?8<2?56?82?<E2D3E?H:H2?85:92C:=<2?@=69C6?2BH2?8C2>2?2>E?56?82?C:>A2?82?H2?8=63:936C2B52B:A252C6>E=2(6D:<2?>2?2<29H2?8>6?892C:=<2?3E?H:=63:9<E2D3.Warna Bunyi-2B?23E?H:>6BEA2<2?3E?H:<92CH2?85:D:>3E=<2?@=69CE2DECE>36B3E?H:E?H:8:D2B36B365256?82?3E?H:3:@=2:DE<2B6?2252G2B?23E?H:(6B36522?D6BC63EDD6B;25:<2B6?2823E?82??2522D2C52??25252C2B52B:CE>36B3E?H:36B36523652G2=2EAE?7B6<E6?C:?H2C2>2Gambar 3.3Lidi dipegang oleh seorang anakdan ditempelkan pada jerujiroda yang berputar.Gambar 3.4Percobaan kuat bunyi yangdihasilkan oleh getaran senar gitardengan (a) simpangan yang kecildan (b) simpangan yang besar.23Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII544.Batas Pendengaran?52D6?DED6=29>6?86D29E:329G2>2?EC:252?96G2?5:=6?8<2A:56?82?2=2DA6?56?82B2?H2?8C6>AEB?2&2>E?<6>2>AE2?A6?56?82B2??H236B365236522D2C<6>2>AE2?A6?56?82B2?5:E<EB36B52C2B<2?7B6<E6?C:3E?H:%2?EC:2?@B>2=>6>:=:<:32D2CA6?56?82B2?2?D2B2 96BDIC2>A2:56?82? 96BDI 26B297B6<E6?C:D6BC63ED5:?2>2<2? # !# C652?8<2?526B297B6<E6?C:5:32G29 96BDI5:C63ED ! 52?526B295:2D2C7B6<E6?C:56?82B2D2E5:2D2C 96BDI5:C63ED#" ! 636B2A296G2?>2>AE>6?56?82B3E?H:E=DB2C@?:<329<2?96G2?C6A6BD:<6=6=2G2BH2?8>6>:=:<:2=2DA6?8=:92D2?D:52<C632:<2=2DA6?56?82B2??H2>6?88E?2<2?3E?H:E=DB2C@?:<E?DE<>6?86D29E:36?52H2?82525:56A2??H25.Pemanfaatan Gelombang Bunyi 6=@>32?83E?H:32?H2<5:>2?722D<2?52=2><69:5EA2?C692B:92B:>:C2=?H2E?DE<>6?6?DE<2?<652=2>2?=2ED>6?42B:CE>36B>:?H2<52?>6?56D6<C:<6BEC2<2?=@82>,?DE<>6?6?DE<2?<652=2>2?=2ED2=2DA6?56D6<C:H2?85:8E?2<2?5:C63ED! ! # $" *@?2B36<6B;256?82?>6>2?42B<2?86=@>32?8<6>E5:2?A2?DE=2?86=@>32?8D6BC63ED2<2?5:D6B:>2@=69 $ 6?82?>6?86D29E:<646A2D2?86=@>32?8H2?85:E<EB52?G2<DED6>AE986=@>32?8D6BC63ED#652=2>2?=2ED52A2D5:D6?DE<2?56?82?>6?88E?2<2?A6BC2>22?36B:<ED !$" N 2<D@BC6D6?8295:56A2?"A252 '34#/##0 9 >6?H2D2<2?C6D6?829G2<DED6>AE952B:C@?2B<6D6>A2DA6>2?DE=2? B6<E6?C:H2?85:8E?2<2?@=69C@?2B36B252A252526B29E=DB2C@?:<H2:DE5:2D2C 96BDI B6<E6?C:D6BC63EDD:52<52A2D5:56?82B52?A2?;2?886=@>32?8A252526B29E=DB2C@?:<C2?82D<64:=C69:?8825:7B2<C:H2?8D6B;25:;E82C6>2<:?<64:=52?86=@>32?8D:52<2<2?>6?H632B#64:=?H2A2?;2?886=@>32?8H2?85:8E?2<2?52A2D;E825:8E?2<2?E?DE<>6?56D6<C:36?5236?52H2?8<64:=(6?88E?22?86=@>32?8E=DB2C@?:<D6B52A2D;E82A2522=2D#" ! ,* =2DD6BC63EDE>E>?H25:8E?2<2?E?DE<>6?82?2=:C:C<692>:=2?2D2E>6?56D6<C:@B82?@B82?52=2>DE3E9Gambar 3.6Teknologi 3D USG terbaru sekarangdapat melihat organ-organ tubuhbayi dalam kandungan.Sumber: www.mediajakartaselatan.comGambar 3.5Sonar dapat digunakan untukmendeteksi kedalaman laut.pemancarpenerima gelombangultrasonikContoh 3.3*63E292=2DC@?2B5:8E?2<2?E?DE<>6?8E<EB<652=2>2?=2ED*6=2?8G2<DEH2?85:42D2D@=69C@?2BE?DE<86=@>32?8A6B2>32D2?C2>A2:<6>32=:=28:<6C@?2B252=29 C6<@?":<246A2DB2>32D86=@>32?85:52=2>2:B=2ED252=29 > CD6?DE<2?=29<652=2>2?=2EDD6BC63ED#7#$ :<6D29E:$ > C" C!$ " > CQ Q C >6D6B"25:=2EDD6BC63ED>6>:=:<:<652=2>2? >6D6BKata Kunci•tinggi nada•kuat bunyi•audiosonik•infrasonik•ultrasonik•resonansi•sonar•ultrasonografi12345Gelombang Bunyi55Tes Kompetensi Subbab C'3,#-#0.#*&#.#/$6-6.#5+*#0 ?52>6?56?82B92=:=:?D2B C6<@?C6D6=29<:=2DD6B=:92D":<246A2DB2>32D3E?H:5:E52B2 > CD6?DE<2?;2B2<2C2=<:=2DD6BC63ED52B:D6>A2D?52 *63E292=2DC@?2B5:8E?2<2?E?DE<>6?8E<EB<652=2>2?=2ED*6=2?8G2<DEH2?85:42D2D@=69C@?2BE?DE<86=@>32?8>6B2>32DC2>A2:<6>32=:<6C@?2B252=29 C6<@?":<2<652=2>2?=2ED >D6?DE<2?46A2DB2>32D3E?H:5:52=2>2:B=2ED %6?82A2<6=6=2G2BH2?8D6B32?8A252>2=2>92B:D:52<A6B?29>6?23B2<36?5236?52H2?82525:56<2D?H2":<2D:?88:?2525:?2:<<2?3282:>2?2<29A6BE3292?H2?8D6B;25:A25227B6<E6?C:3A2?;2?886=@>32?8446A2DB2>32D86=@>32?852>A=:DE5@86=@>32?8":<2<E2D3E?H:5:?2:<<2?3282:>2?2<29A6BE3292?H2?8D6B;25:A25227B6<E6?C:3A2?;2?886=@>32?8446A2DB2>32D86=@>32?852>A=:DE5@86=@>32?8D.Sifat-Sifat Gelombang Bunyi?52D6=29>6>A6=2;2B:C:72DC:72DE>E>D6?D2?886=@>32?8H2:DEA6>3:2C2?B67B2<C:A6>2?DE=2?B67=6<C:A6=6?DEB2?5:7B2<C::?D6B76B6?C:52?A@=2B:C2C:E?H:>6BEA2<2?C2=29C2DE36?DE<86=@>32?8'=69<2B6?2:DE86=@>32?83E?H:;E82>6?82=2>:A6B:CD:G2A6B:CD:G2D6BC63ED1.Pemantulan Gelombang Bunyi%6?82A2C22D?5236BD6B:2<5:C6<:D2BD63:?8C6=2=E2523E?H:H2?8>6?:BE<2?CE2B2?52D6BC63ED%6?82A2CE2B2?52D6B56?82B=63:9<6B2C<6D:<236B2525:52=2>865E?8#65E2A6B:CD:G2D6BC63ED>6?E?;E<<2?329G23E?H:52A2D5:A2?DE=<2?,?DE<>6>292>:D6?D2?8A6>2?DE=2?3E?H:=2<E<2?=292<D:F:D2C36B:<EDTugas Anda 3.3Gelombang bunyi merupakangelombang longitudinal sehinggatidak dapat mengalami dispersi danpolarisasi. Diskusikanlah bersamateman Anda, mengapa hal tersebutbisa terjadi? Berikanlah penjelasanilmiah mengenai hal tersebut.Aktivitas Fisika 3.2Pemantulan BunyiTujuan percobaanMembuktikan peristiwa pemantulan bunyi.Alat-Alat Percobaan1.Weker4.Dua buah pipa berdiameter 1 inci2.Papan pemantul5.Busur derajat3.Meja6.Kertas karton putihLangkah-Langkah Percobaan1.Susunlah alat seperti tampak pada gambar.2.Letakkan jam weker di salah satu ujung pipa paralon.3.Atur pipa paralon yang lain agar Anda dapat mendengar bunyi jam weker yangpaling jelas.4.Gambarlah susunan pipa tersebut pada kertas karton putih yang Andaletakkan di bawahnya. Ukurlah besar sudut datang dan sudut pantulnya.5.Ulangi langkah percobaan ke-3 dan ke-4 dengan sudut yang berbeda.Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII5623Gambar 3.8(a) Pada siang hari, arah rambatbunyi melengkung ke atas.(b) Pada malam hari, arah rambatbunyi melengkung ke bawah.Gambar 3.7Proses pemantulan bunyi.$E<:C2?82B:CH2?8?523E2DD6?D2?8CE5ED52D2?8CE5EDA2?DE=52?82B:C?@B>2=A252A6>2?DE=2?3E?H:2<2?C2>256?82?#/$#3 (25282>32BD6BC63EDD6B=:92D329G2CE5ED52D2?8CE5EDA2?DE= 52?82B:C?@B>2=D6B=6D2<A252C2DE3:52?852D2B52? %6?82A23E?H:52=2>BE2?82?D6BDEDEAD6B56?82B=63:9<6B2C$6D2<5:?5:?8BE2?82?H2?8D6B=2=E56<2D>6?H6323<2?3E?H:A2?DE=D:52<4E<EAG2<DEE?DE<>6B2>32DC69:?8823E?H:52D2?852?3E?H:A2?DE=D6B56?82BC642B236BC2>22? 2=D6BC63ED>6>3E<D:<2?329G23E?H:A2?DE=52A2D>6>A6B<E2D3E?H:2C=:?H2!DE=29C6323?H2CE2B2>EC:<2<2?D6B56?82B=63:9<6B2C5:52=2>BE2?82?52B:A2525:=2A2?82?D6B3E<26B365256?82?86>2H2?8D6B;25:;:<2?5236BD6B:2<5:526B2936BD63:?8"2B2<D63:?852?CE>36B3E?H:H2?84E<EA;2E9>6?H6323<2?3E?H:A2?DE=>6>6B=E<2?G2<DEH2?84E<EA=2>2E?DE<>6B2>32DC2>A2:A6?56?82B2?<:32D?H23E?H:A2?DE=2<2?D6B56?82BC6D6=293E?H:2C=:636B2A2A6B:CD:G2D6BC63ED>6BEA2<2?A6?82=2>2?H2?8C6B:?8?52D6>E<2?2.Pembiasan Gelombang Bunyi?52D6=29>6?86D29E:86=@>32?83E?H:>6B2>32D<6C6>E22B2952?86=@>32?83E?H:D:52<52A2DD6BA@=2B:C2C:%6?82A2A252>2=2>92B:CE2B225I2?2D2ECE2B2D6B:2<2?H2?84E<EA;2E9D6B56?82B=63:9;6=2C52B:A252C:2?892B:(252C:2?892B:CE9EE52B25:A6B>E<22?=63:9D:?88:52B:A2525:2D2C?H2 2=D6BC63ED>6?H6323<2?=2A:C2?E52B2A252328:2?2D2C=63:9B2A2D52B:A2525:32G29?H2*632=:<?H2A252>2=2>92B:=2A:C2?E52B25:A6B>E<22?=63:9B2A2D52B:A2525:2D2C?H2<:32D?H2A252C:2?892B:;:<2CE>36B3E?H:52D2?8C642B29@B:I@?D2=D6B9252AA6?56?82B52A2D5:A2CD:<2?2B29B2>32D3E?H:2<2?>6=6?8<E?8<62D2CC652?8<2?A252>2=2>92B:2B29B2>32D3E?H:2<2?>6=6?8<E?8<632G29(6B92D:<2?#/$#3 A2H2?82<2?D6B;25:;:<23E?H:52D2?8?H2>6B2>32DF6BD:<2=<632G29(252>2=2>92B:2B29B2>32D3E?H:5:3:2C<2?>6?56<2D:82B:C?@B>2=*632=:<?H2A252C:2?892B:2B29B2>32D3E?H:5:3:2C<2?>6?;2E9:82B:C?@B>2=*6CE2:56?82?9E<E>A6>3:2C2?86=@>32?8329G286=@>32?852D2?852B:>65:E><EB2?8B2A2D<6>65:E>=63:9B2A2D2<2?5:3:2C<2?>6?56<2D:82B:C?@B>2=2D2EC632=:<?H23.Difraksi Gelombang BunyiA2<2986=@>32?83E?H:52A2D>6?82=2>:5:7B2<C:2D2EA6=6?DEB2?(6B:CD:G2A6=6?DEB2?3E?H:52A2D5:2>2D:<6D:<2?52>6?56?82B56BE3E?H:>@3:=>6=:?D2C:526B29A6B3E<:D2?H2?836B<6=@<CE2B2A6B42<2A2?D6>2?D6>2??525:BE2?82?H2?836B36522D2E<242A6>32D2C=@<6DA6>32H2B2?5:C63E2932?<H2?8C6?82;25:3E2D56?82?3636B2A2=E32?8<64:=282B86=@>32?83E?H:D:52<>6>2?DE=G2=2EAE?2B29B2>32D3E?H:D:52<36BEA282B:C=EBEC+:82A6B:CD:G2D6BC63ED>6BEA2<2?4@?D@9A6?6B2A2?5:7B2<C:3E?H:"25:2A2<29H2?85:>2<CE556?82?5:7B2<C::DE :7B2<C:252=29A6B:CD:G2A6=6?DEB2?86=@>32?8<6D:<2>6=6G2D:46=29H2?8E<EB2?46=29?H2C6@B5656?82?A2?;2?886=@>32?8?H2ANCriPelayangan bunyi terjadi karenaadanya interferensi dua gelombangyang frekuensinya berbeda sedikit.IngatlahGelombang Bunyi57$2=E>6?82A286=@>32?83E?H:>E529>6?82=2>:5:7B2<C: 6=@>32?83E?H:5:E52B2>6>:=:<:A2?;2?886=@>32?8C6<:D2B3636B2A2C6?D:>6D6BC2>A2:3636B2A2>6D6B2?5:?8<2?56?82?4292H2H2?8>6>:=:<:A2?;2?886=@>32?836B<:C2B >>!DE=29C6323?H286=@>32?83E?H:=63:9>E529E?DE<D6B5:7B2<C:4.Interferensi Gelombang Bunyi#6D:<2?5236B5:B:5:56A2?5E2 #! A6?86B2CCE2B2C63282:CE>36B3E?H:<6>E5:2?36B;2=2?=EBECC6;2;2B56?82?82B:CA6?89E3E?8<65E2 #! D6BC63ED+2<=2>2C6D6=29:DE?522<2?>6?56?82B3E?H:=6>2952?C6C22D<6>E5:2?D6B56?82B3E?H:<E2DE?H:<E2DD6B;25:<6D:<2CEA6BA@C:C:52B:5E286=@>32?83E?H:>6?892C:=<2?:?D6B76B6?C:56CDBE<D:7!?D6B76B6?C:D6BC63EDD6B;25:;:<23652=:?D2C2??H2>6BEA2<2?<6=:A2D2?3:=2?82?3E=2D52B:C6D6?829A2?;2?886=@>32?83E?H:C642B2>2D6>2D:C5:DE=:C<2?C63282:36B:<ED! 56?82? 52? 36BDEBEDDEBEDE?DE<3E?H:<E2DA6BD2>23E?H:<E2D<65E252?3E?H:<E2D<6D:825.Pelayangan Bunyi!?D6B76B6?C:H2?85:D:>3E=<2?52B:5E286=@>32?83E?H:52A2D>6?H6323<2?A6B:CD:G2A6=2H2?82?3E?H:H2:DEA6?8E2D2?52?A6=6>292?3E?H: 2=D6BC63EDD6B;25:2<:32DCEA6BA@C:C:5E286=@>32?8H2?8>6>:=:<:7B6<E6?C:H2?8C65:<:D36B365252?>6B2>32D52=2>2B29H2?8C2>2"25:C2DEA6=2H2?82?5:567:?:C:<2?C63282:5E23E?H:<6B2C2D2E5E23E?H:=6>29H2?8D6B;25:C642B236BEBED2?=2H2?82?<E2DN=6>29N<E2D2D2E=6>29N<E2DN=6>29":<2<65E286=@>32?83E?H:D6BC63ED>6B2>32D36BC2>22?2<2?>6?892C:=<2?3E?H:A2=:?8<E2DC22D72C6<65E2?H2C2>2":<2<65E286D2B2?36B=2G2?2?72C62<2?5:92C:=<2?3E?H:A2=:?8=6>29%:C2=<2?5E2CE>36B3E?H:>6>:=:<:7B6<E6?C: 52? C65:<:D36B3652C:>A2?82?C6D:2A86=@>32?8A252A@C:C:D6BD6?DE252=29& C:? "52?& C:? " 6?82?56>:<:2?CEA6BA@C:C:C:>A2?82?<65E286=@>32?8D6BC63ED252=29 C:? C:? &&&""& C:? C:? ""56?82?>6?88E?2<2?2DEB2?C:?EC2<2?5:A6B@=69 4@C C:? &"""" 4@C C:? """:<2 52? >2<2 f52? (6BC2>22?CEA6BA@C:C:52A2D5:DE=:C<2?>6?;25:& 4@C " C:? "AC:? " NKata Kunci•dispersi•refraksi•refleksi•difraksi•interferensi•polarisasi•superposisisin A + sin B = 2 cos 12 (A–B) sin 12(A+B)IngatlahMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII58E.Dawai dan Pipa Organa sebagai Sumber Bunyi1.Frekuensi Gelombang pada Dawai?52D6=29>6>A6=2;2B:329G236?5236?52H2?836B86D2B>6BEA2<2?CE>36B3E?H:D6D2A:D:52<C6>E23E?H:52A2D5:56?82B@=69D6=:?82>2?EC:2 2=D6BC63ED5:C6323<2?D6=:?82>2?EC:2?@B>2=>6>:=:<:7B6<E6?C:2>32?8>:?:>2=H2:DE7B6<E6?C:D6B6?52952B:CE>36B3E?H:H2?8>2C:952A2D5:D6B:>2@=69D6=:?82Tes Kompetensi Subbab D'3,#-#0.#*&#.#/$6-6.#5+*#0 "6=2C<2?A6?86BD:2?5:7B2<C:86=@>32?83E?H: ":<2252D:82CE>36B3E?H:H2?8:56?D:<5:=6D2<<2?>2C:?8>2C:?836B;2B2< >56?82?H2?8=2:??H2<2A2?<29D6B;25::?D6B76B6?C:>2<C:>E>52B:<6D:82CE>36B3E?H:D6BC63ED E23E29C6?2BH2?8:56?D:<>6>36B:<2??25252C2B56?82?7B6<E6?C: I":<2D682?82?C2=29C2DE52G2:5:D2>32936B2A27B6<E6?C:A6=2H2?82?H2?8D6B;25: E2ED2CC6?2BH2?8:56?D:<>6>36B:<2??25252C2B56?82?7B6<E6?C: I":<2D682?82?C2=29C2DEC6?2B5:D2>32936B2A2A6=2H2?82?H2?8D6B;25:#7#$ :<6D29E: I 52A2D5:9:DE?856?82?A6BC2>22? Hz I B6<E6?C:A6=2H2?82?5:A6B@=6956?82?>6?88E?2<2? '34#/##0 9252=29 N N IN I"25:7B6<E6?C:A6=2H2?82??H2252=29N IContoh 3.4 4@C " N6B52C2B<2? '34#/##0 9:?D6?C:D2C3E?H:2<2?>2<C:>2=;:<2& '=69<2B6?2:DE=2H2?82?3E?H:D6B;25:;:<2 4@C "36B?:=2: 52?N C69:?8827B6<E6?C:=2H2?82??H2252=29fffp()12 N#6D6B2?82? 7B6<E6?C:A6=2H2?82? I 7B6<E6?C:86=@>32?8& I 7B6<E6?C:86=@>32?8& IDua buah dawai baja yang identikmemberikan nada dasar denganfrekuensi 400 Hz. Bila tegangandalam salah satu dawai ditambah2%, frekuensi pelayangan yangterjadi adalah ....a.0 Hzd.6 Hzb.2 Hze.8 Hzc.4 HzTes ITB 1975Pembahasan:Diketahui:f0 = 400 HzTegangan ditambah 2%p’ = F + 2% F = 1,02 Fmaka01,02’1,01fFFfFFsehingga frekuensi layangannyaadalahfp= (f2 – f1)= (1,01 f0 – f0)= 0,01 f0= 0,01 · 400 Hz= 4 HzJawaban: cPembahasan SoalGelombang Bunyi59Gambar 3.9(a) Nada dasar f0;(b) Nada atas pertama f1;(c) Nada atas kedua f2;(d) Nada atas ketiga f3.(@=286D2B2?52G2:A252#/$#3 #>6?892C:=<2??25252C2B 56?82? 2D2E >2<2 $$(@=286D2B2?52G2:A252#/$#3 $>6?892C:=<2??2522D2CA6BD2>2 56?82? 2D2E >2<2 $$(@=286D2B2?52G2:A252#/$#3 %>6?892C:=<2??2522D2C<65E2 56?82? 2D2E >2<2 $$$(@=286D2B2?52G2:A252#/$#3 &>6?892C:=<2??2522D2C<6D:82 56?82? 2D2E >2<2 $$$(6B32?5:?82?7B6<E6?C:?252?252A25252G2:H2?85:92C:=<2?36BEA2A@=286=@>32?8C6A6BD:A252#/$#3 252=29C63282:36B:<ED N'=69<2B6?246A2DB2>32D86=@>32?8A25252G2:C6CE2:56?82?92C:=2'3%1$##0'.&'H2:DE$ >2<25:A6B@=6927B6<E6?C:?25252C2B 37B6<E6?C:?2522D2CA6BD2>2 47B6<E6?C:?2522D2C<65E2 57B6<E6?C:?2522D2C<6 N2345012122232*2=29C2DECE>36B3E?H:252=2952G2:8:D2B&252H2?85:92C:=<2?52G2:8:D2B52A2D5:E329E32956?82?42B2>6?6<2?C6?2BA252D:D:<D:D:<D6BD6?DE(@=286=@>32?8H2?852A2DD6B;25:A25252G2:8:D2B5:DE?;E<<2?A252#/$#3 56?82?36BE329E329*2DE52G2:52A2D>6>36?DE<36B3282:7B6<E6?C:2D2EA@=286D2B2?C6A6BD:D2>A2<A252#/$#3 Echolocation adalah bentuk sensoryang digunakan oleh binatangseperti kelelawar, paus, dan lumba-lumba. Binatang tersebutmemancarkan gelombang suara(gelombang longitudinal), kemudiandipantulkan oleh objek. Gelombangpantul kemudian dideteksi olehbinatang tersebut. Gelombangecholocation yang dipancarkan olehkelelawar memiliki frekuensi sekitar175.000 Hz.Echolocation is a form of sensoryperception used by animals such asbats, toothed whales, and porpoises.The animal emits a pulse of sound (alongitudinal wave) which is reflectedfrom objects. The reflected pulse isdetected by the animal. Echolocationwave emitted by bats havefrequencies of about 175.000 Hz.Informasiuntuk AndaInformation for YouMudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII602.Pipa Organa dan Pola Gelombangnya+6=29?52<6D29E:329G236?52H2?836B86D2B52A2D>6?892C:=<2?3E?H:+:52<92?H236?52A252DC6A6BD:52G2:D2=:>2EAE?A6=2D=@82>H2?852A2D36B86D2B86D2B2?AE?52A2DD6B;25:A25282C>:C2=?H2E52B2 6D2B2?<@=@>E52B2A252C6BE=:?82<2?>6?892C:=<2?3E?H:+:?88:?252H2?85:A6B@=6952B:C63E29C6BE=:?852A2D5:2DEB7B6<E6?C:?H2 :2?D2B2A6B2?8<2D>EC:<C656B92?2H2?852A2D>6?892C:=<2?86D2B2?<@=@>E52B2C6=2:?C6BE=:?8252=29A:A2@B82?2+6B52A2D5E2>242>A:A2@B82?2H2:DEA:A2@B82?2D6B3E<252?A:A2@B82?2D6BDEDEAa.Pipa Organa Terbuka(:A2@B82?2D6B3E<2252=292=2DD:EA36BEA2D23E?8H2?8<65E2E;E?8A6?2>A2?8?H2D6B3E<2#65E2E;E?8A:A2@B82?2D6B3E<2>6?;25:A6BED86=@>32?8A252<@=@>E52B2(@=286=@>32?8H2?85:92C:=<2?C6A6BD:D2>A2<A252#/$#3 B6<E6?C:H2?85:92C:=<2?@=69A:A2@B82?2D6B3E<2252=29C63282:36B:<ED &25252C2B 2D2E B6<E6?C:H2?85:92C:=<2? $$Gambar 3.10Seruling merupakan pipaorgana terbuka.*6ED2C52G2:H2?8<65E2E;E?8?H2D6B:<2D>6>:=:<:A2?;2?8 >>2CC2;6?:C?H2 8 4> >6?892C:=<2?7B6<E6?C:?25252C2B I2 :DE?8=2982H2D682?82?52G2:36B2A2<2936C2B7B6<E6?C:52?A2?;2?886=@>32?8A252?2522D2CA6BD2>24+6?DE<2?=297B6<E6?C:52?A2?;2?886=@>32?8A25252G2:E?DE<?2522D2C<65E2#7#$ :<6D29E: > <8 4> I2 6?82?>6?88E?2<2? '34#/##0 9E?DE<?25252C2B5:A6B@=69 2D2E Q N <8 4> I &"25:36C2B82H2D682?82?52G2:252=29 &3 B6<E6?C:?2522D2CA6BD2>2 252=29 2D2E I I(2?;2?886=@>32?8A252?2522D2CA6BD2>2252=29 >4 B6<E6?C:A252?2522D2C<65E2 252=29 2D2E I I(2?;2?886=@>32?8A252?2522D2C<65E2252=29 2D2E > Contoh 3.5(6BC2>22?7B6<E6?C:?252?252D6BC63ED<2=:A6BD2>25:E?8<2A<2?@=69'34'00'C69:?882 '34#/##0 9D6BC63ED5:<6?2=56?82?6-6/'34'00'Next >