< Previous 11 14A large numbers of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels. 15These are designed to carry a particular type of cargo. Now read the passage more carefully. Underline the words you do not understand. Before you use your dictionary or ask your teacher, remember that the meaning of a word can often be got (a) from the context (e.g. `vessels', sentence 5, means `ships'), (b) by studying the word to see if it is derived from a noun or verb etc. that you already know (e.g. `arrival', sentence 8, from `to arrive'). Use the information in the reading passage to complete the sentences. Merchant ships are designed to carry Liners are employed Tramps are not employed Specialized vessels are designed In the past a ship’s log was a book for recording the distance a ship trav-elled. Now it is much more. Discuss with a partner what information is in a modern ship’s log. Study this entry in a ship’s log and answer the questions: TEXT 1 Wed. 5th July We are at single anchor in Plymouth Sound Tues. 10 July 15.00 The pilot comes on board 15.30 We weigh anchor and proceed towards the harbour 16.15 The ship grounds on the western side of Plymouth Sound 17.45 Two tugs lash alongside. They put up a head line and a stern line 18.15 The ship goes off into deep water. We make fast to a mooring buoy 18.30 Pilot leaves the ship 12 1) ind words in the log that mean: a) one b) (to) raise c) (to) go towards d) rope/cable e) (to) tie up (2x) 2) What does the log describe? a) a ship sinking b) a ship leaving harbour c) an accident 3) Which one of these things does not happen in the log of 5th July? a) towing b) docking c) mooring d) reversing 13 b. Vocabulary Amatilah Gambar dibawah ini! Identify yourself what parts of a ship you have familiar with. Parts of a Ship 1: Smokestack; 2: Stern; 3: Propeler; 4: Portside (sebelah kanan dikenal dengan nama starboard); 5: Anchor; 6: Bulbous bow; 7: Bows; 8: Deck; 9: Ships’s Bridge Other useful vocabulary (places/positions): Abeam At right angles to the ship but not on the ship Aboard On the ship Above deck On the deck but not over it Abreast By the side of the ship Aft Toward the stern Ahead In a forward direction 14 Alee Away from the direction of the wind Alo Above the deck Amidships Towards the centre of the ship Astern In the rear of the ship Below Under the deck Dead ahead Directly ahead Fore-and-aft In a line parallel to the ship Headway The forward motion of the ship Inboard Inside the ship Lee The side away from the wind Leeward The direction away from the wind Leeway The sideways movement of the boat caused by either wind or current Midship Mid way between bow and stern Overboard Over the side of the ship Stem The forward most part of the bow 15 Coba anda amati dan perhatikan gambar dibawah ini. Gambar ini memperilhatkan kepada anda tentang jenis-jenis haluan kapal. The various shapesof the bow can be seen on the picture above. Mind to discuss and review the picture in detail either individual or in pairs. 16 c. Speaking Listen and Repeat the words that is pronunced by the teacher! The words are coming from the ship vocabularies based on the picture below. 1 . Stern 2. Fair-lead 3. Cross bitt 4. Hand rail 5. Bi-colored light 6. Mast 7 . Mast head light 8. Ensign staff 9. Step 10 . Quadrant 11 . Rudder 12 . Propeller 13 . Boss timber 14 . Stuffing box 15 . Propeller shaft 16 . Main engine 17 . Engine bed 18 . Locker 19 . Sofa 20 . Folding table 21 . Steering seat 22 . Steering wheel 23. Fuel oil tank 24. Bench 25 . Cockpit 26 . Cabin 27 . Store 28 . Deck 29 . Beam 30 . Frame 31 . Bottom frame 32 . Longitudinal girder 33 . Bracket 34 . Keel 35 . Planking 36 . Seam batten 37 . Bracket for frame or gusset 38 . Chine member 39 . Gunwale 40 . Beam bracket 17 Latihan ! Use these words on the right box to name the parts of the ship (A–H) and name any other parts you know. Stern keel rudder bows davit container bridge propeller a. Match the words on the left with defnitions on the right. bows stern port side starboard side aft forward hull keel bridge hatch way galley windlass quarters towards the front opening in the deck right side a projection below the hull living area command station machine to move heavy things point that is most forward kitchen the rear towards the rear body of a ship left side 18 d. Grammar THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Study this text: The Perfect Tense expresses what someone has done or what has happened. It tells us about a period of time from the past until now. The result is still relevant now. The Boatswain has received a number of orders because of the storm. As soon as the Third Officer has come from his watch he goes to inspect the Boatswain’s work. - “Have you checked all lashings on deck and doubled them?” he asks. - “No, I haven’t, not yet, sir,” answers the Boatswain. - “Have you secured all hatch covers?” - “Yes, I have indeed, sir. The deckhands have cleared away all loose gear from the deck. They have also tightened all the life boat gripes. Finally they have made sure that all the cranes are secure”, answers the Boatswain. The Boatswain has done a thorough job as always. The Present Perfect is formed with the auxiliary have/ has + past participle of the main verb. The past participle has the ending –ed for regular verbs and is the third form in the list of irregular verb Examples: I have written down the message. A vessel has entered the fairway at Mouro Lighthouse. 19 The present perfect is formed by S + have or has + past participle When the past participle of a regular verb is formed by stem + -ed (“worked”) I / we / you / they ------------------------------------------> He / She / It have has sailed finished lost written been Etc. The present perfect indicates that there is a connection between past and present. This connection may be a result or a continuation of something that started in the past and is still going on now. Exercise. Do these following questions as the examples. Examples A: Your room looks nice! B: I've painted (paint) that wall a different colour. B: Yes, please! A: Emma has made (make) a chocolate cake. Do you want some? 1. Kate and I ___________________________ (organise) a party for Carly on Saturday. I hope you can come. 2. The president ____________________ (begin) his tour of Europe. It will last for a week. 20 3. A: Does Sarah know about your new girlfriend? _______________ (you/tell/her)? B: No, but I will. 4. David is back at work today. __________________(be) to a conference in the Netherlands. 5. Your car looks great. __________________________ (Ben/wash) it for you? 6. I don't think Rachel is in the office today. I've left three messages for her, but she _________________________ (not/reply) to them. 7. Jack knows a lot about photography. ____________________ (write) four books about it. 8. I can't find any nice postcards. _____________________________ (you/see) any? 9. I gave a scarf to my mother last year but she _______________ (not/wear) it yet. 10. Are Mark and Sam here or ______________________ (go) to the sports centre? Complete List of Present Perfect Forms Examples: You have seen that movie many times. Have you seen that movie many times? You have not seen that movie many times. Next >