< Previous 54 Ada beberapa kata kerja intansitif yang memakai Objective Noun yang mempunyai satu kesatuan makna dengan kata kerjanya. Objeknya disebut Cognate Object. Contoh: a) He played the fool. b) He laughs a hard laugh. c) He slept a sound sleep. d) He died a miserable death. Ada beberapa verb transitive dan intransitive walaupun sudah mempunyai object tetapi artinya belum sempuma sebelum ditambah kata-kata lain. Kata Kerja jenis ini diantaranya adalah: make, name, call, find, declare, suppose, consider, bring, give, appoint, seen, hear, dll. Contoh: a) I will make you happy. b) I appoint him to be my assistant. Ada juga kata kerja yang mempunyai pola sebagai berikut: a) Kata Kerja + Preposition + Object b) Kata Kerja + Preposition + Kata Kerja-ing Contoh: a) We talked about the problem. b) She felt sorry for coming late. Kata-kata kerja untuk pola kedua diantaranya adalah: succeed in, think about/of, dream of, dream about, approve of, look forward to, insist on, decide against, angry with, sorry for, thanks for, dll. 55 Ada juga Kata Kerja tertentu yang mempunyai pola sebagai berikut: Kata Kerja + Object + Preposition + Kata Kerja-ing Contoh: a) They accused me of telling lies. b) Do you suspect the man of being a spy? c) I congratulated Bob on passing the exam. d) What prevented him from coming to the party? e) I thanked her for being so helpful. 6) Regular & Irregular Verbs Regular Verb adalah kata kerja yang dapat berubah-ubah sesuai dengan bentuk tense; dan perubahan bentuk kata kerja itu secara teratur. Contoh perubahan Kata Kerja jenis ini adalah: a) Call - called - called b) Admit - admitted - admitted c) Submit - submitted - submitted d) Invite - invited - invited Irregular Verb adalah kata kerja yang mempunyai fungsi sama dengan regular verb, tetapi perubahan bentuk kata kerja ini secara tidak teratur. Contoh perubahan kata kerja jenis ini adalah: a) Read - Read - Read b) Come - came - come c) Begin - began - begun d) Sleep - slept - slept 56 TENSES 1) Simple Present Tense and Present Continuous Tense a) The Simple Present is used to describe routines, what happens regularly or is a permanent characteristic. PRESENT TENSE PATTERNS TIME Menyatakan kebiasaan (habitual actions or daily activities) V= (+) S+V¹ (-s/es utk Subjek He, She, It) (-) S+Do/Does not + V¹ Do utk Subjek = I, You, They, We Does utk Subjek = He, She, It Contoh: - She goes to school everyday. - She does not go to school everyday. - Does she go to school everyday? - They go to school everyday. - They do not go to school everyday. - Do they go to school everyday? N= (+) S+ to be (am/is/are) + adj/n/adv Contoh : - She is beautiful. - She is not beautiful. - Is she beautiful? - I am very happy. - I am not very happy. - Am I very happy? every… (day, week, month, year), often, usually, always, seldom, rarely, etc. Menyatakan fakta abadi (general truth) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 57 Bacalah teks dibawah ini dengan benar. Perhatikan penggunaan Kata Kerja (Verb) pada kata yang digarisbawahi secara seksama. Hello, I’m Tom McPhee. I’m a true Scot; I like Scottish dancing, and the traditional game of tossing the caber. Today I get my fill of high tech in the computerised control room on the Marina. So during my free time I just want to relax; I enjoy mixing with the crowd in my local pub. I play a lot of golf. We live in a very picturesque small town in the Scottish Highlands. b) The Present Continuous Tense is used to describe that the action is taking the time at the moment we are speaking. PRESENT CONTINUOUS PATTERNS TIME Menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu bicara V= (+) S+ to be (am/is/are)+V-ing Contoh : - She is going to school now - She is not going to school now - Is she going to school now? Now At present At this moment Today Perhatikan beberapa contoh kalimat dibawah ini. Captain James is working on the bridge. The crane driver is operating the crane. The trucks and forklifts are moving the cargo out of the warehouses. The cranes are lifting the heavy cargo on board. The First Mate is speaking on the radio. The Second Mate is supervising work on deck. 58 Mengasosiasi - Mengkomunikasi Sekarang saatnya melakukan pencatatan dan pengambilan kesimpulan dari hasil pengamatan, diskusi dan eksplorasi yang telah anda lakukan, lalu sampaikan dalam kelas hasil pengamatan anda! 59 3. Refleksi Setelah mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran ini, masing-masing siswa harus mampu menuliskan secara deskriptif atau naratif tentang beberapa hal dibawah ini. (Gunakan kertas tambahan atau lembar terpisah, apabila perlu) a. Apakah anda merasakan manfaat dari pembelajaran ini? Jika Ya, sebutkan apa saja manfaatnya? Jika Tidak, berikan penjelasan? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Apa rencana implementasi pengetahuan dan keterampilan dari hasil kegiatan pembelajaran ini. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Apa saran dan masukkan anda untuk kegiatan pembelajaran selanjutnya. __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 60 4. Tugas a. Rearrange these jumble words into a good sentence. (susun kembali kata-kata dibawah ini menjadi kalimat yang sempurna) 1) shaving is at the moment Andrew. 2) goes everyday My father the office to. 3) the car wash usually every Sunday I. 4) Games computer the children playing are in excitedly the living room corner. 5) Independence of is Indonesia Republic day the celebrates every year on August 17th. 6) Leaving Australia am for toningt I at 11 p.m. b. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present or the present continuous tense. 1) Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of other birds. 2) You can't see Tom now: he (have) a bath. 3) He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea. 4) What she (do) in the evenings? ~ She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV. 5) I won't go out now as it (rain) and I -(not have) an umbrella. 6) The last train (leave) the station at 11.30. 7) He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him. 8) Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (make) all her own clothes. 9) Hardly anyone (wear) a hat nowadays. I'm afraid I've broken one of your coffee cups. — 10) Don't worry. I (not like) that set anyway. 11) I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong. 12) Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it. 61 13) I'm busy at the moment. I (redecorate) the sitting room. 14) The kettle (boil) now. Shall I make the tea? 15) You (enjoy) yourself or would you like to leave now? - I (enjoy) myself very much. I (want) to stay to the end. 16) How you (get) to work as a rule? ~ I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom's car. 17) Why you (put) on your coat? ~ I (go) for a walk. You (come) with me?- Yes, I'd love to come. You (mind) if I bring my dog? 18) How much you (owe) him?- I (owe) him Ј5. ~ You (intend) to pay him? 19) You (belong) to your local library? - Yes, I do. - You (read) a lot?- Yes, quite a lot. - 20) How often you (change) your books? — I (change) one every day. 21) Mary usually (learn) languages very quickly but she (not seem) able to learn modern Greek. 5. Tes Formatif Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb tenses, whether it is Present Simple Tense or Present Continuous Tense. Basic Verbs are given in the bracket. Change the vers if necessary. 1. Juhani Alto ______________ (to work) for the Finnish Coast Guard. 2. He ______________ (to live) with his family in a small town on the coast of Finland. 3. His children ____________ (to go) to school in town. 62 4. His wife _________________________ (to drive) the children to school every morning. 5. Juhani only ____________ (to have) a short commute to the Coast Guard Station. 6. Everyday he ___________ (to listen) to the radio and ______________ (to answer) messages. 7. Sometimes he ___________ (to think) that life is dull. 8. He ______________ (to read) many books and ____________ (to chat) with his fellow workers. 9. The summer ______________ (to be/be) a very busy time. 10. Many holidaymakers _________________ (to come) with their yachts and motorboats to the Finnish Archipelago. 11. They do not always ______________ (to navigate) their boats very well and do not ___________ (to know) the Finnish waters. 12. They ________________ (to give) the Coast Guard a lot of work. 13. The weather in the archipelago ________________ (to change) very suddenly. 14. The wind _________________ (to increase) into a gale very quickly. 15. Autumn ________________ (to come) early in Finland, the water is cold and there are heavy storms. 16. And the the Finnish Coast Guard vessels ____________ (to help) many seafarers. 17. Andrew ___________________ (to shave) at the moment. 18. I never _____________ (to expect) many Christmas presents, although I always ______________ (to receive) some presents. This year the company I work for ______________ (to give) us a cheque. 19. Look at Timothy! He _____________ (to ride) his horse. 20. The vessel usually __________________ (to take) only bulk cargo but on this voyage we __________________ (to carry) containers as well. 63 C. Penilaian 1. Sikap Nilai diperoleh dari pengamatan guru terhadap keaktifan siswa selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung Lembar Penilaian Sikap No Nama Siswa Kriteria Penilaian Jumlah Skor Ket. Perhatian (1) Disiplin (2) Tekun (3) Aktif Mendengar dan bertanya (4) 1. 2. 3. dst Keterangan Skor : kolom diisi dengan kriteria sesuai sikap yang ditampilkan oleh peserta didik, dengan kriteria sebagai berikut : 4 = selalu, apabila selalu melakukan sesuai pernyataan. 3 = sering, apabila sering melakukan sesuai pernyataan dan kadang- kadang tidak melakukan. 2 = kadang-kadang, apabila kadang-kadang melakukan dan sering tidak melakukan. 1 = tidak pernah, apabila tidak pernah melakukan. Next >