< Previousviii2.6Penggunaan Kepala Pembagi (DividingHead).......................3002.7Penggunaan Rotary Table......................................................... 3012.8Kecepatan Potong (Cutting Speed)...........................................3012.9Waktu Pengerjaan.......................................................................3032.10Langkah-langkah pengoperasian Mesin Frais........................3052.11Jenis-jenis Pemotongan/pemakanan pada Mesin Frais..........3062.12Pisau Roda Gigi (GearCutters)...................................................3203.Teknik Pengukuran pada Proses Produksi......................................3313.1Jenis Pengukuran........................................................................3313.2Metode Pengukuran....................................................................3313.3Alat Ukur MistarGeser (Vernier Caliper) dan Mikrometer Luar(Outside Micrometer) ..................................................................3324.Pembacaan Toleransi pada Gambar Kerja.........................................3374.1Pengkodean Toleransi..................................................................3375.Keselamatan Kerja Pada Saat ProsesProduksi................................3455.1Peralatan Keselamatan Kerja pada Proses Produksi...........................................................................................3455.2Resiko-resiko dalam mengoperasikan mesin perkakas dan cara menghindarinya..............................................................................3466.Rangkuman.................................................................................................350BAB VIIPROSES PRODUKSI BERBASIS KOMPUTER1.Computer Aided Design (CAD)............................................................ 3531.1Pengertian CAD.............................................................................3491.2Cara Kerja.......................................................................................3541.3Sistem Koordinat Absolut, Relatif, Polar....................................3541.4Perintah Menggambar Pada AutoCAD......................................3561.5Membuat Gambar Solid 3D dengan AutoCAD..........................3862.Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC).......................................... 4022.1Sejarah Mesin CNC.......................................................................4022.2Dasar-dasar Pemrograman Mesin CNC....................................4052.3Gerakan Sumbu Utama pada Mesin CNC.................................4092.4Standarisasi Pemrograman Mesin Perkakas CNC..................................................................................................4092.5Siklus Pemrograman.....................................................................4212.6Menentukan titik koordinat benda Kerja.....................................4282.7Kecepatan Potong dan Kecepatan Asutan................................4332.8Mengoperasikan mesin CNC EMCO TU 2A..............................4342.9Membuat Benda Kerja Menggunakan mesin CNC..................................................................................................4362.10Membuat Benda Kerja Berbasis SoftwareAutoCAD..........................................................................................4422.11Soal Formatif...................................................................................4433.EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining)..............................................4653.1EDM Konvensional...................................................................... 3663.2Pembuatan alat cetak logam (coinage de making)..........................................................................................4663.3Drilling EDM....................................................................................4673.4Kabel EDM (Wire Cut EDM).........................................................4674.Rangkuman...............................................................................................468ixJILID 3BABVIIISISTEM PNEUMATIK DAN HYDROLIK1.Pengertian Pneumatik ...........................................................................4692.Karakteristik Udara Kempa ..................................................................4693.Aplikasi Penggunaan Pneumatik .......................................................4694.Efektifitas Pneumatik ............................................................................4705.Keuntungan dan Kerugian Penggunaan Udara Kempa ...............4715.1Keuntungan...................................................................................4715.2Kerugian/Kelemahan Pneumatik ...............................................4726.Klasifikasi Sistim Pneumatik...............................................................4737.Peralatan Sistem Pneumatik ...............................................................4747.1Kompressor (Pembangkit Udara Kempa) ................................4747.2Unit Pengolahan Udara Bertekanan (Air ServiceUnit)................................................................................................4807.3Pemeriksaan Udara Kempa dan Peralatan .............................4847.4Konduktor dan Konektor .............................................................4857.5Katup-Katup Pneumatik..............................................................4877.6Unit Penggerak (Working Element = Aktuator).......................4937.7Air Motor (Motor Pneumatik)......................................................4967.8Jenis-Jenis Katup Pneumatik .....................................................4977.9Model Pengikat (Type if Mounting)...........................................5098.Sistem Kontrol Pneumatik ...................................................................5108.1Pengertian Sistem Kontrol Pneumatik ......................................5109.Dasar Perhitungan Pneumatik ............................................................5119.1Tekanan Udara .............................................................................5139.2Analisa Aliran Fluida (V).............................................................5149.3Kecepatan Torak ..........................................................................5149.4Gaya Torak (F) .............................................................................5159.5Udara yang Diperlukan ...............................................................5159.6Perhitungan Daya Kompressor .................................................5169.7Pengubahan Tekanan.................................................................51610.Analisis Kerja Sistem Pneumatik .......................................................51710.1Pengendalian Langsung Silinder Sederhana ..........................51710.2PengendalianTak Langsung Silinder PenggerakGanda............................................................................................51810.3Pengendalian Gerak Otomatis Silinder Penggerak Ganda............................................................................................52011.Aplikasi Pneumatik dalam Proses Produksi ...................................52111.1Pintu Bus........................................................................................52111.2Penahan/Penjepit Benda(ragum)..............................................53511.3Pemotong Plat.............................................................................53511.4Membuat Profil Plat .....................................................................53511.5Pengangkatdan Penggeser Benda..........................................53612.Pengangkat dan Penggeser Material Full Pneumatik ...................53712.1Cara Kerja.......................................................................................53713.Tes Formatif.............................................................................................53813.1Soal-soal........................................................................................53813.2Kunci Jawaban.............................................................................53814.System Hidrolik.........................................................................................54114.1Cairan Hidrolik................................................................................54114.2Komponen Hidrolik.........................................................................55115.Pengendalian Hidrolik.............................................................................55515.1Klasifikasi Pengendalian Hidrolik................................................55515.2Katup Pengatur Tekanan..............................................................556x16.Dasar-Dasar Perhitungan Hydrolik ....................................................55616.1Prinsip Hukum Pascal .................................................................55616.2Perhitungan Kecepatan Torak ...................................................55816.3PemeliharaanCairan Hydrolik ...................................................55916.4Pompa Roda Gigi dalam Tipe Crescent...................................56116.5Pompa Roda Gigi dalam Tipe Geretor .....................................56116.6Balanced Vane (Pompa Kipas Balanced) ................................56216.7Pompa Torak Radial (Radial Piston Pump).............................56316.8Bent Axis Piston (Pompa Torak dengan Poros Tekuk)............................................................................................56316.9Instalasi Pompa Hidrolik .............................................................56416.10Pengetesan Efesiensi Pompa Hidrolik......................................56616.11Unit Pengatur (Control Element)...............................................56717.Soal Formatif.............................................................................................56817.1Soal-soal..........................................................................................56817.2Kunci jawaban................................................................................56818.Rangkuman................................................................................................570BAB IXPROSES PRODUKSI INDUSTRI MODERN1.Sejarah Perkembangan Otomasi Industri........................................5732.Otomasi Teknik Produksi.....................................................................5753.PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)............................................5773.1Sejarah PLC ..................................................................................5773.2Pengenalan Dasar PLC..............................................................5783.3Instruksi-instruksi Dasar PLC .....................................................5803.4DeviceMasukan...........................................................................5853.5Modul Masukan............................................................................5863.6Device Masukan Program ..........................................................5873.7Device Keluaran ...........................................................................5883.8Modul Keluaran ............................................................................5893.9Perangkat Lunak PLC .................................................................5893.10Perangkat Keras PLC ..................................................................5893.11Ladder Logic .................................................................................5903.12HubunganInput/Output (I/O) dengan Perangkat Lunak..............................................................................................5903.13Processor......................................................................................5913.14Data dan Memory PLC ................................................................5933.15Programman Dasar PLC OMRON denganKomputer........................................................................................5963.16Cara pengoperasian SYSWIN ...................................................5963.17Penggunaan Fungsi Bit Kontrol .................................................6023.18Contoh Aplikasi dan Pembuatan Diagram Ladder Menggunakan Syswin...................................................................6054.Rangkuman...............................................................................................616BABXTEKNOLOGI ROBOT1.Pengenalan Robot .................................................................................6191.1Istilah Robot ..................................................................................6201.2Komponen Dasar .........................................................................6211.3Gerakan Robot .............................................................................6251.4Tingkatan Teknologi ....................................................................6272.Operasi dan Fitur Manipulator ...........................................................6292.1Sistem Koordinat Lengan Robot(Arm Geometry)............................................................................629xi2.2RotasiWrist...................................................................................6342.3Sistem Penggerak Manipulator .................................................6342.4Jangkauan Kerja ..........................................................................6353.Aplikasi Robot ........................................................................................6373.1Penanganan Material ..................................................................6383.2Perakitan.......................................................................................6403.3Pengecatan...................................................................................6403.4Pengelasan...................................................................................6424.Efektor......................................................................................................6434.1Gripper...........................................................................................6434.2Klasifikasi Gripper........................................................................6444.3Jenis Gripper ................................................................................6444.4Sensor dan Tranduser ................................................................6474.5Sensor Kontak ..............................................................................6484.6Sensor Non-Kontak.....................................................................6484.7Sensor Gaya dan Momen ...........................................................6514.8Sensor Temperatur ......................................................................6524.9Sensor Cair dan Gas ...................................................................6554.10Sensor Jarak dan Sudut .............................................................6574.11Linear Position..............................................................................6584.12Sensor Kimia ................................................................................6595.Aktuator....................................................................................................6605.1Selenoids.......................................................................................6605.2Katup..............................................................................................6615.3Silinders.........................................................................................6615.4Motor Listrik ..................................................................................6626.Tes Formatif..............................................................................................6667.Rangkuman...............................................................................................669BAB XIPENUTUP1.Kesimpulan.............................................................................................6712.Saran.........................................................................................................674LAMPIRAN A. DAFTAR PUSTAKALAMPIRAN B. DAFTAR TABELLAMPIRAN C. DAFTAR GAMBARLAMPIRAN D. GLOSARIUMLAMPIRAN E. INDEXxiiPETA KOMPETENSITEKNIK PRODUKSI INDUSTRI MESINProses Produksi KonvensionalProses Produksi Berbasis KomputerOtomatis IndustriPneumatik/HidraulikPLCRobotikPeralatanPerkakas TanganPeralatan Kerja BangkuCADCNC / EDMMemahami Dasar, Proses Kejuruan dan K3MemahamiGambar Teknik BAB I MEMAHAMI DASAR-DASAR KEJURUAN 1. Statika dan Tegangan ….. 1.1 Statika Statika adalah Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang kesetimbangan benda, termasuk gaya-gaya yang bekerja pada sebuah benda/titik materi agar benda tersebut dalam keadaan setimbang. 1.1.1 Gaya Gaya adalah sesuatu yang menyebabkan benda bergerak atau menjadi diam. Gaya dapat menyebabkan benda diam menjadi bergerak atau sebaliknya dari bergerak menjadi diam. Gaya dapat digambarkan sebagai sebuah vektor, yaitu besaran yang mempunyai besar dan arah. Gaya biasanya disimbolkan dengan huruf F, sebagai berikut: A B C (v=0) F F f Gambar 1. Perpindahan benda dari A ke B akibat gaya F Gaya yang bekerja pada benda di atas antara lain: Gaya berat (W) yang selalu berpusat pada titik beratnya dan arahnya selalu ke pusat grafitasi bumi. Gaya (F) dapat sejajar dengan permukaan benda atau membentuk sudut a dengan permukanan tumpuan. Gaya F dapat menimbulkan masa (m) dari diam menjadi bergerak hingga memiliki percepatan sebasar a (m/s2), atau dapat dituliskan : F = m (Kg) . a (m/s2) = Kg.m/s2 = Newton (N) Bila gaya F dihilangkan benda (m) akan mengalami perlambatan hingga setelah waktu t detik benda akan berhenti (kecepatan v=0). Hal ini karena benda melewati permukaan kasar yang memiliki gaya gesek (f) yang arahnya selalu berlawanan dengan arah gerak benda. Besarnya f tergantung pada harga koefisien W N N W s N W 2 geseknya (µ). Semakin kasar permukaan benda maka koefisien geseknya (µ) akan semakin besar. Bila gaya gesek lebih besar dari gaya tarik (F), maka benda akan berhenti (v = 0). Gaya gesek (f) berbanding lurus dengan gaya normal (N) benda atau dapat dituliskan : f = u . N Newton dimana: N = gaya normal yang selalu tegak lurus permukaan benda (Newton) µ = koefisien gesek permukaan benda (tanpa satuan) Aplikasi dari gaya gesek dapat diilustrasikan pada contoh: roda yang masih baru akan memiliki cengkraman yang kuat dibanding dengan roda yang aus/halus. Pengereman di permukaan aspal lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan di permukaan lantai keramik, karena µ aspal lebih besar dari u permukaan keramik. Gambar 2. Gaya gesek pada roda mobil a. Menentukan besarnya gaya Besarnya gaya dapat ditentukan oleh skala tertentu, misalnya 1 cm mewakili 1 Newton atau kelipatannya. Satuan gaya ditentukan oleh sistem satuan SI (standar internasional) yang dinyatakan dengan Newton (N). Garis lukisan gaya itu dapat diperpanjang sesuai besarnya gaya F. Titik tangkap gaya (A) dapat dipindahkan sepanjang lintasannya, asalkan besar dan panjangnya tetap sama sesuai dengan gaya F. Gambar 3. Titik tangkap gaya (A) pada garis kerja gaya Garis kerja gaya A F Next >