< Previous 71 The forms [Subject + be (tobe) + V3] The Subject is commonly formed by NOUN or PRONOUN. While the ‘tobe’ depends on the tenses of the grammar form, such as is, am, are (present); was, were (past); being; (progressive); been (perfect); been being (prefect progressive). The Verb is defined as the word of action. It comprises to REGULAR VERBS and IRREGULAR VERBS. Are the sentences written in ACTIVE or PASSIVE? 1. Steven likes to play baseball. 2. Bingo is played in Britain. 3. He lost his keys yesterday. 4. A letter was written. 5. They listen to their music. 6. They often read e-mails. 7. These cars are produced in Italy. 8. French is spoken in Niger. 9. Lots of houses were destroyed. 10. The bus driver was hurt. 11. Columbus discovered America. 12. A dog bites Steven. 13. Indonesia was colonized by Dutch and Japan. 14. Daddy read a newspaper last night. 15. Smoking is not allowed in this area. 16. Riska put the book on the table yesterday. 72 Make PASSIVE FORMS from the given phrases. Mind the tenses in the brackets. 1. English – to speak (simple present) 2. Films – to watch (simple present) 3. Posters – to make (simple present) 4. Stories – to tell (simple present) 5. Computer games – to buy (simple present) 6. Books – to write (simple past) 7. Volleyball – to play (simple past) 8. Song – to sing (simple past) 9. Skateboards – to ride (simple past) 10. A prize – to win (simple past) Furthermore, the passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive forms of "design." Tense Subject Auxiliary Past Participle Singular Plural Present The car/cars is Are designed. Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed. Past The car/cars was Were designed. Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed. Future The car/cars will be will be designed. Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed. Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed. Past progressive The car/cars was being were being designed. 73 A sentence cast in the passive voice will not always include an agent of the action. For instance if a gorilla crushes a tin can, we could say "The tin can was crushed by the gorilla." But a perfectly good sentence would leave out the gorilla: "The tin can was crushed." Also, when an active sentence with an indirect object is recast in the passive, the indirect object can take on the role of subject in the passive sentence: Active Professor Villa gave Jorge an A. Passive An A was given to Jorge by Professor Villa. Passive Jorge was given an A. Only transitive verbs (those that take objects) can be transformed into passive constructions. Furthermore, active sentences containing certain verbs cannot be transformed into passive structures. To have is the most important of these verbs. We can say "He has a new car," but we cannot say "A new car is had by him." We can say "Josefina lacked finesse," but we cannot say "Finesse was lacked." Here is a brief list of such verbs*: Resemble look like equal agree with Mean contain hold comprise Lack suit fit become The auxiliary verb of the passive voice (be or get) may appear in any combination of tense, aspect and mood, and can also appear in non-finite form (infinitive, participle or gerund). Notice that this includes use of the verb be in progressive aspect, which does not normally occur when be is used as a simple copula. Some examples: The food is being served. (present progressive passive) The stadium will have been built by next January. (future perfect passive) 74 I would have got injured if I had stayed in my place. (conditional perfect passive with get) It isn't nice to be insulted. (passive infinitive) Having been humiliated, he left the stage. (passive present participle, perfect aspect) In an “active voice” the subject performs the action: “I help him”. In a “passive voice” the subject does not perform any action, but undergoes the action - something happens to the subject: “He is helped by me”. Mengasosiasi - Mengkomunikasi Buatlah catatan dan kesimpulan dari hasil pengamatan, diskusi dan eksplorasi yang telah anda lakukan, lalu sampaikan dalam kelas hasil pengamatan anda! 75 a. Reading Read this report and answer the question On July 18, 2006, the cruise ship Crown Princess left Port Canaveral, Florida. One hour after leaving harbour the vessel’s automatic steering system began a turn to port. The Second Officer disengaged the automatic mode. He took manual control of the steering. He turned the wheel fisrt to port and then to starboard. He did this several times. This caused the vessel to list to port and starboard at angles of 24°. The movement of the ship threw passengers and crew about and many were hit and injured by flying objects. The vessel’s structure was not damaged. 1) What was the approximate position of the Crown Princess? 2) Who was in command of the ship? 3) Why did the ship list? 4) What caused injuries to passengers and crew? 5) How much damage was done to the ship? Read this technical information, and answer the questions. The shaft always spins in the same direction whether going forward or backward. At 0–12 kts shaft rotates at 55 RPM. Thrust is controlled by changing the pitch of the blade. >12 kts thrust is controlled by changing the RPM of the shaft. 76 1) What is a suitable title for what you have just read? a) Ship speeds b) Propellers c) Types of ships 2) Which statement is correct? a) When going backwards the sha spins forwards. b) The shaft spins in two directions. c) The shaft spins only one way. 3) Which of these statements is wrong? a) The speed of a ship can be controlled by the pitch of the blade. b) Slow ship speed is controlled by the shaft. c) High speeds are controlled by the speed the shaft turns. 3. Refleksi Setelah mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran ini, masing-masing siswa harus mampu menuliskan secara deskriptif atau naratif tentang beberapa hal dibawah ini. (Gunakan kertas tambahan atau lembar terpisah, apabila perlu) 1. Apakah anda merasakan manfaat dari pembelajaran ini? Jika Ya, sebutkan apa saja manfaatnya? Jika Tidak, berikan penjelasan? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 77 2. Apa rencana implementasi pengetahuan dan keterampilan dari hasil kegiatan pembelajaran ini. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Apa saran dan masukkan anda untuk kegiatan pembelajaran selanjutnya. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 78 4. Tugas Rewrite the ACTIVE sentences into PASSIVE 1. They understand Spanish. 2. My friend brought a new car. 3. John cleaned the bathroom. 4. The teacher closes the window. 5. The girls can play handball. 6. Our dog did not bite a cat. 7. The mechanic repairs cars. 8. The electricians test the fire alarm. 9. Levi strauss invented the blue jeans. 10. Frank takes photos. Rewrite the PASSIVE sentences into ACTIVE 1. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 2. This book was written by an Irishman. 3. The president was elected by the people. 4. The bag was packed by his mother. 5. The child was hit by a car. 6. The exercise is completed by the teacher. 7. The club was founded by Ron and Peggy. 8. Football is played by the children. 9. The computer is used by Patrick. 10. Coffee is sold by Andra. 79 5. Tes Formatif Do this quiz to test your knowledge of ship handling. 1. Dead Water is when fresh water lies on top of sea water. How does Dead Water affect the ships? 2. What do you do when you turn a vessel in a narrow space? a) snub round b) drift thrust c) heel 3. When would you use a Baltic Moor? a) In the Baltic Sea b) At a beach c) At a weak quay 4. What causes a ship to squat? a) shallow water b) high speed c) heavy cargo 5. What is bank suction and where does it happen? Change the following sentences to passive voice (Simple Present) Example: He sends the parcels every day. The parcels are sent every day. 1. That man cleans the school every day. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The postman delivers the letters every day. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The conductor checks our tickets. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 80 4. They publish new books every year. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5. My father washes his car every week. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6. They speak French in this town. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Somebody collects the garbage every week. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Porters carry suitcases. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The police catch criminals. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Mr. Smith opens the store at 9 o'clock. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Change the following sentences to passive voice (Simple Past). Example: They repaired the car. The car was repaired. 1. My father paid the bill yesterday. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Somebody broke the glass. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. They hanged the murderer. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. They evacuated the town in six hours. (evacuate: leave, empty) _____________________________________________________________________________________ Next >