< Previous 23 Pedoman Penskoran Aspek Penilaian Deskripsi Nilai Partisipasi Keterlibatan dalam bermain peran Peran dari tokoh yang diperankan 60 – 100 Penghayatan Peran Penjiwaan terhadap tokoh Kesesuaian kostum tokoh Semangat bermain peran 60 – 100 Kerjasama Membantu teman Tenggang rasa dengan teman 60– 100 Kriteria Pencapaian Kompetensi /Ketuntasan Belajar Aspek Pengetahuan 1-4 Predikat Keterampilan 1-4 Predikat Sikap SB/ B/ C/ K Keterangan KKM Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan KKM > 2.66 KKM Sikap : Baik Bila tingkat pencapaian kompetensi anda mencapai KKM > 2.66, maka anda dinyatakan tuntas dan dapat melanjutkan ke kegiatan belajar selanjutnya. Tetapi apabila tingkat pencapaian kompetensi anda mencapai KKM < 2.66 maka anda dinyatakan belum tuntas, maka anda harus mengulangi mulai dari kegiatan belajar, terutama pada bagian yang masih belum anda kuasai. 24 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2. Welcome to a Modern Port A. Deskripsi Kalimat, baik yang tertulis maupun tidak tertulis, akan memberikan informasi kepada pembaca dan pendengar tentang pesan atau makna yang ingin disampaikan melalui media tertentu. Oleh karena itu diperlukan konstruksi kalimat yang benar, baik dan sesuai dengan konteks. Sebagaimana sudah diketahui bersama bahwa prasyarat kalimat sempurna terdiri dari Subjek yang diikuti oleh Predikat dan diikuti lagi oleh Objek serta selanjutnya Keterangan sebagai pelengkap. Atau dengan kata lain dalam tata bahasa Indonesia dibuat dalam konstruksi baku S-P-O-K. Sementara dalam bahasa Inggris disebut sebagai S-V-O-C, atau Subject-Verb-Object-Compliment. Pengetahuan tentang Subjek kalimat yang merupakan bentuk Kata Benda (Noun) dan Pronoun (Kata Ganti Kata Benda) mutlak diperlukan. Noun terbadi menjadi 2, yaitu Countable Nouns dan Non Countable Nouns. Kata benda relatif mudah dipelajari, sehingga anda dapat mulai mengidentifikasi benda-benda di sekitar anda dan mulai mengkoleksi kata-kata tersebut. B. Kegiatan Belajar 1. Tujuan Pembelajaran a. Melalui kegiatan pembelajaran ini siswa diajak untuk mengenal, mengetahui dan memahami peristilahan dunia perkapalan, pelabuhan dan kemaritiman, dalam bahasa Inggris. b. Siswa diajak untuk mengetahui dan memahami Kata Benda (Nouns) yang terbagi menjadi Countable Nouns dan Uncountable Nouns. Selanjutnya disampaikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang Articles, baik yang disebut sebagai definite article maupuan non-definite article. 25 c. Akhirnya, secara sederhana dan tepat siswa dapat membedakan kata benda yang dapat dihitung dan tidak dapat dihitung serta penggunaanya dalam konstruksi kalimat. 2. Uraian Materi 26 Bacalah paragraf dibawah ini dan perhatikan dengan seksama kata atau frasa yang digarisbawahi. Welcome to a Modern Port Today a major port is a world of its own. Modern port facilities have to meet the demands of highly specialised transport systems by sea, land and air. And so within the boundaries of any large sea port we find an amazing range of services. A modern port maintains shipping channels, harbour basins, and navigation aids as well as the port infrastructure such as wharves, quays, docks, storage areas and warehouses, cranes for cargo handling and terminals for cargoes and passengers. It provides pilots and pilot vessels, tugs for towage and emergency response vessels in cases of accidents at sea. Within its area we find office buildings for all the various companies catering for the shipping industry – Ship Brokers, Shipping Agents, Stevedoring and Lashing Companies, Ship’s Chandlers, Marine Engineering Companies, Companies for Marine Equipment and Ship’s Repair, Cargo Surveyors and Inspection Companies, to name only a few. Today there are also strict security requirements. Kumpulkan beberapa kata atau frasa yang terkait dengan peristilahan Kapal dan Pelabuhan. Kemudian lanjutkan dengan mencari tahu arti/definisi dari peristilahan tersebut dengan menggunakan Kamus yang anda miliki. 1. _______________________ 2. _______________________ 3. _______________________ 4. _______________________ 5. _______________________ 6. _______________________ 7. _______________________ 8. _______________________ 9. _______________________ 10. _______________________ 11. _______________________ 12. _______________________ 13. _______________________ 14. _______________________ 15. _______________________ 16. _______________________ 17. _______________________ 18. _______________________ 27 Language Focus a. NOUNS A noun can be COUNTABLE or UNCOUNTABLE. Compare the two types: 1. Countable 2. Uncountable • John has a car. • Andrew has three cars. Car is a countable noun. Countable nouns are things we can count. We can say one car, two cars. Other examples : • There is a town nearby. • There is a port in Santander. • It is not your fault. It was an accident. • There are many vehicles on board. • The Marina has a cargo of containers. • It was a fine day. • We sailed on a stormy sea under a grey sky. We use the indefinite article a or an with singular countable nouns. a ship a cargo an apple an orange an is used before words starting with a vowel sound (a, e, i ,u ,o ,y) There is snow everywhere. I like snow in winter. Snow is an uncountable noun. Uncountable nouns are things we cannot count. We cannot say one snow, two snows. Other examples: • This table is made of wood and glass. • Butter is expensive. • This ship is made of steel. • Grain, rice, ore, and sodium carbonate are dry bulk. • Oil, petroleum and liquid gas are liquid bulk. • Finland produces paper and pulp. NOTE: Names of substances are often uncountable. We use no indefinite article a or an with uncountable nouns. We do not say an oil or a cotton. BUT: We can use a countable noun as a measure. a...of.. • a glass of water • a cup of coffee • a barrel of oil • a bale of cotton • a carton of tobacco • a container of fruit 28 Salah satu cara untuk dapat mengidentifikasi setiap kata benda (Noun) apakah termasuk kategori dapat dihitung atau tidak dapat dihitung adalah dengan melihat bentuk Tunggal atau Jamak-nya. Pada bentuk Jamak, kata benda diakhiri dengan huruf s/es, anda tidak perlu terlalu pusing dengan peraturannya, kebiasaan menggunakan akan membuat anda tahu bagaimana memakai akhiran tersebut dengan tepat. Contoh : Pen - Pens , Table - Tables , Sandwich – Sandwiches Selain itu penggunaan Atrikel (articles), baik definite (takrif) ataupun Non-Definite (tak takrif), juga akan mampu membedakan antara Count Noun dengan Non Count Noun. Artikel yang digunakan untuk Singular (tunggal): a chair / one chair. Sementara itu, Artikel yang digunakan untuk Plural (Jamak) : 1) Numbers (Two, Three, Four Chairs) 2) Several chairs 3) A lot of chairs 4) Many chairs 5) a few chairs Berikut adalah ciri-ciri dari kata benda yang tidak bisa dihitung (Non Count Noun), diantaranya: 1) Tidak diawali dengan a/an/one (sebuah) 2) Tidak mempunyai bentuk jamak Contoh : 1) Berbentuk cair : water - blood - coffee - milk - soup 2) Berbentuk padat atau setengah padat : cheese - ice - ice cream - chalk -wood - wool - meat 3) Berbentuk gas : air -fog - smoke - steam - oxygen 4) Fenomena alam : rain - thunder - light - snow 5) Sesuatu yang tidak berbentuk fisik : happiness (kebahagiaan) - luck (keberuntungan ) - time (waktu) - anger (kemarahan) Artikel yang digunakan adalah : some, a lot of, much, a little. 30 Contoh dibawah ini adalah kelompok kata yang dalam penggunaannya adalah kelompok kata benda yang tidak bisa dihitung : Idea, crisis, Accomodation, Behaviour damage, Permission, Traffic, luck, Clothing, equipment, food, fruit, furniture, garbage, hardware, chaos, weather, jewelry, machinery, mail, makeup, money, cash, change, postage, scenery, stuff, traffic, Homework, housework, work, Advice, information, news, History, literature, music, poetry, English, Arabic, Chinese (nama bahasa), Grammar, slang, vocabulary, Corn, dirt, dust, flour, grass, hair, pepper, rice, salt, sand, sugar, wheat, news, money. b. ARTICLES 31 Lebih lanjut coba anda pelajari dan perhatikan dengan seksama penggunaan artikel yang dimaksud. Lihatlah beberapa kalimat dibawah ini berikut penjelasan singkatnya. 1) The definite article “THE” Study the following sentences: a) There is an old man in our garden. b) Look, the old man is coming towards us. c) They have a house. The house is by a lake. d) The lake is in the central part of Finland. 1) We use “a” or “an” with nouns when we talk about something for the first time. 2) We use the definite article “the” with nouns when we refer to something that is known to us or that someone has already mentioned. Study the following sentences: e) The sun was shining. f) The sky was blue. g) What do we know about the sun, the moon, the earth and the stars ? h) The king is ill. i) The president is giving a speech tonight. j) The government has not yet made a decision. k) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. l) The Captain gave orders on the navigating bridge. 3) We use “the” with nouns when there is only one of something. Study the following sentences: a) The books on the table are mine. b) Hurry up! The car is waiting. 32 c) Where are the boys? d) Oh, they are playing in the garden. e) Where are the car keys? In the kitchen. 4) When something is clear or known to us in/through a given situation we use “the” with a noun although it is mentioned for the first time. More similar examples: a) He went out into the fresh air. b) What is the weather like? c) Will they arrive in the evening or in the morning? d) Is this the end? No, it is only the beginning. e) The wind is in the north. NOTE the use of “the” in the following examples: a) This is my flat. Here is the dining room. The bathroom is through here. The kitchen needs renovating. Let´s go out onto the balcony. b) Let us make a tour of The Marina . We’ll start at the bow. Here is the forecastle; on it is the windlass. Now we are on the main deck etc... 5) When speaking of a certain place in a given situation we use “the” with nouns denoting the various parts. Often these parts are also ” one of a kind”. Study the following sentences: a) Life is interesting. b) Death comes to all. c) She was interested in art, literature and music. d) Time is money. e) Health is wealth. 33 f) English history is interesting. g) I could see anger, fear, and suspicion in his eyes. 6) Abstract nouns in a general sense are used without any articles. BUT: a) We know little about the life of Shakespeare. b) The history of England is interesting. c) The water in this lake is quite clean. d) The butter that I bought yesterday was bad. 7) “The” is used before abstract nouns or uncountable nouns if they are followed by a prepositional phrase or a relative clause. 2) THE USE OF THE ARTICLE - SPECIAL CASES NOTE: No article with the following nouns a) Do you believe in Heaven and Hell? b) No, but I believe in Fate. c) Parliament is in session. d) Congress has decided. e) Society has rejected him. f) The spaceship went out into space g) On land and at sea. NOTE: No article with the names of meals: a) Have you had breakfast? b) Let´s meet for lunch! c) Dinner is at 6 pm. d) What is there for supper? BUT: a) The dinner we had yesterdayat the Rivoli was delicious. Next >