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When these adjectives are used before the noun they have a different meaning: a) An involved discussion = detailed, complex b) A concerned father = worried, anxious c) The present situation = current, happening now Function of Adjectives 1) Adjectives can: Describe feelings or qualities: Examples a) He is a lonely man b) They are honest people 2) Give nationality or origin: Examples a) Pierre is French b) This clock is German c) Our house is Victorian 3) Tell more about a thing's characteristics: Examples a) A wooden table. b) The knife is sharp. 4) Tell us about age: Examples a) He's young man b) My coat is very old 5) Tell us about size and measurement: Examples a) John tall man. b) This is a very long film. 75 6) Tell us about colour: Examples a) Paul wore a red shirt. b) The sunset was crimson and gold. 7) Tell us about material/what something is made of: Examples a) It was a wooden table b) She wore a cotton dress 8) Tell us about shape: Examples a) A rectangular box b) A square envelope 9) Express a judgement or a value: Examples a) A fantastic film b) Grammar is boring. FORMING THE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE Using the comparative of adjectives in English is quite easy once you have understood the few simple rules that govern them. Below you will find the rules with examples for each condition. If you are not sure what a syllable or a consonant is - have a look here. ww.edufind.com 76 Rules Number of syllables Comparative Superlative one syllable + -er + -est Tall taller Tallest one syllable with the spelling consonant + single vowel + consonant: double the final consonant: Fat fatter Fattest Big bigger Biggest Sad sadder Saddest Number of syllables Comparative Superlative two syllables + -er OR more + adj + -est OR most + adj ending in: -y, -ly, -ow ending in: -le, -er or -ure these common adjectives - handsome, polite, pleasant, common, quiet Happy happier/ more happy happiest/ most happy Yellow yellower/ more yellow yellowest/ most yellow Simple simpler/ more simple simplest/ most simple Tender tenderer/ more tender tenderest/ most tender If you are not sure, use MORE + OR MOST + Note: Adjectives ending in '-y' like happy, pretty, busy, sunny, lucky etc:. replace the -y with -ier or -iest in the comparative and superlative form busy busier Busiest 77 Number of syllables Comparative Superlative three syllables or more more + adj most + adj Important more important most important Expensive more expensive most expensive Examples 1) A cat is fast, a tiger is faster but a cheetah is the fastest 2) A car is heavy, a truck is heavier, but a train is the heaviest 3) A park bench is comfortable, a restaurant chair is more comfortable, but a sofa is the most comfortable COMPARISONS OF QUANTITY To show difference: more, less, fewer + than To show no difference: as much as , as many as, as few as, as little as COMPARISONS OF QUANTITY Rules To show no difference: as much as , as many as, as few as, as little as 1) as many as / as few as + countable nouns 2) as much as / as little as + uncountable nouns Examples 1) With countable nouns: a) They have as many children as us. b) We have as many customers as them. c) Tom has as few books as Jane. 78 d) There are as few houses in his village as in mine. e) You know as many people as I do. f) I have visited the States as many times as he has. 2) With uncountable nouns: a) John eats as much food as Peter. b) Jim has as little food as Sam. c) You've heard as much news as I have. d) He's had as much success as his brother has. e) They've got as little water as we have. c. Dialogue Bacalah percakapan dibawah ini. Amati dan Perhatikan penggunaan adjectives yang ada. Kemudian garisbawahi setiap kata yang termasuk adjectives and comparisons yang dapat anda temukan. David: Can you give me some examples? Maria: Well, it certainly is more interesting than the country. There is so much more to do and see! David: Yes, but the city is more dangerous than the country. Maria: That's true. People in the city aren't as open and friendly as those in the countryside. David: I'm sure that the country is more relaxed, too! Maria: Yes, the city is busier than the country. However, the country is much slower than the city. David: I think that's a good thing! Maria: Oh, I don't. The country is so slow and boring! It's much more boring than the city. David: How about the cost of living? Is the country cheaper than the city? Maria: Oh, yes. The city is more expensive than the country. 79 David: Life in the country is also much healthier than in the city. Maria: Yes, it's cleaner and less dangerous in the country. But, the city is so much more exciting. It's faster, crazier and more fun than the country. David: I think YOU are crazy for moving to the city. Maria: Well, I'm young now. Maybe when I'm married and have children I'll move back to the country. Check out the following statements by choosing TRUE or FALSE! 1) Maria thinks life in the city is more interesting than life in the country. 2) David says that the city is less dangerous than the country. 3) The people in the countryside aren't as open as the people in the city. 4) The country is quieter than the city. 5) The city isn't as expensive as the country. 6) The country is healthier than the city. 7) Maria thinks the city is more fun than the country. 8) David thinks Maria is crazy for leaving the country. 9) Maria says she might move back to the country when she is married and has children. 10) Life in the country isn't as hectic as life in the city. Mengasosiasi - Mengkomunikasi Sekarang saatnya melakukan pencatatan dan pengambilan kesimpulan dari hasil pengamatan, diskusi dan eksplorasi yang telah anda lakukan, lalu sampaikan dalam kelas hasil pengamatan 80 3. Refleksi Setelah mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran ini, masing-masing siswa harus mampu menuliskan secara deskriptif atau naratif tentang beberapa hal dibawah ini. (Gunakan kertas tambahan atau lembar terpisah, apabila perlu) a. Apakah anda merasakan manfaat dari pembelajaran ini? Jika Ya, sebutkan apa saja manfaatnya? Jika Tidak, berikan penjelasan? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Apa rencana implementasi pengetahuan dan keterampilan dari hasil kegiatan pembelajaran ini. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Apa saran dan masukkan anda untuk kegiatan pembelajaran selanjutnya. __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 81 4. Tugas Buatlah kelompok masing-masing terdiri dari 3 (tiga) orang. Perhatikan gambar di bawah ini. Secara berkelompok cari tahu pengertian dan penggunaan kata kata adjectives di bawah ini. Selanjutnya, masih dalam kelompok yang sama. Cari tahu pengertian kata-kata dibawah ini. Untuk akurasi makna, anda boleh menggunakan kamus yang anda miliki. www.aasd.k12.wi.us 82 5. Tes Formatif a. Complete each sentence using the comparative form of the word in the brackets. Use than where necessary Example: My new bed is more comfortable than (comfortable) my old one. I'm sleeping much better now. This jumper is too big for me. Do you have a smaller (small) one? 1) The train journey across India was _________________ (difficult) I had thought. 2) A: I'm exhausted! Are we ever going to get to the top of this mountain? 3) B: It's ___________________ (far) I thought but we'll be there soon. 4) I can't understand how to play this computer game. Can I change it for an ______________ (easy) one? 5) Mark is a really good driving instructor. I've never met a __________________ (patient) person in all my life. 6) A: How are you now you’ve had a rest? 7) B: I feel _______________ (good), thanks. Can I have a cup of tea? 8) It took Larry an hour to put everything away, but now his room looks ________________ (tidy) it's ever been. 9) I have to get up an hour ______________ (early) tomorrow because I need more time to prepare for a meeting. 10) Timothy's backache was getting ________________ (bad) so Sally told him to see a doctor. 11) When you go to India, take this guidebook. It's __________________ (useful) that one. 12) Sandra is ______________ (experienced) Simon, so I think she'll get the job. 83 b. in the blanks with the adjectives you can take from the box. Do as the example below. Example: A : Have you finished packing? The taxi will be here soon. B : I'm not quite ready. Just five more minutes. A : Did you know that there is a plane that can fly ten times the speed of sound? B : That's pretty amazing. Fairly important pretty expensive rather hot rather loud quite understand rather large pretty good rather ill pretty amazing quite ready rather better quite wrong 1) It's ___________________ in here. Do you mind if I open a window? 2) This report is _______________________________, so try to finish it by the end of the week. 3) I'm sorry I wasn't here last week. I've been _________________________. 4) I'm sorry, Kevin. I don't _________________________ what you mean. Can you explain? 5) This cake is ___________________________, but it's not the best I've had. 6) That radio is _________________________. Could you please turn it down a little? 7) Don't you think that coat is ____________________ for you? A smaller one would suit you better. 8) I have never lied in my life so you are ___________________ to think that I am lying now. 9) I think ten pounds is _____________________ for a sandwich. I won't go there again. 10) Alan's new job is _______________________ than his last one. 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